1 50 20 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/c0742a893f93075d5dddb2517f2786d2.pdf b34346a974aeb10470b7e3871d99e3e2 PDF Text Text . o.. \ TELEPHONE DIRECTORY HEMINGWAY, ~-S, C. . Page 2 ·, JOHNSONVILLE, S. -'l:. Page 5·) PAMPLICO, S. C.· •, Page 7 - 7, PEE DEE· TELEPHOl':{E COMPANY, INC. Se.pt~n,,ber, 1953· See Inside Front Cover and Page l for Telephone Service Calls Emergency Calls and other i~portant Information. DfAL INSTRUCTIONS. are on the Inside Back Cover When Your Friends PQt in a Ne,~ T elephone Write Their Name and Number in Your Own Directory. Consult The Yellow Pages - It will Save Time. " Th ey T ell Where To Buy It" �GENERAL INFORMATION AND REGULATIONS -APPLICATION FOR SERVICE-The initial applica- If any instrument or piece of apparatus is destroyed or injured otherwise than by unavoidable accident, tion for telephone service must be made on the Com• the subscriber is to pay the actual cost of replacing pany's standard application form and signed by the or restoring the same to its •original condition. applicant or his duly authorized agent, to whom servEXCESSIVE USE OF PARTY LINE-In considera• ice is to be billed. Application for additional service tion of the rate at which party line service is fur• may be made either orally or ln writing, and is connished, the Company reserves the right to discontinue sidered as forming a part o• the. initial application. service, and remove its instruments and lines upon The Company reserves the right to refuse service to any applicant that is found to be indebted to the ten (] 0) days' written notice, whenever the duraHon Company for service. previously rendered. or number of messages from a party line subscriber's station prevents an . equitable proportionate use of "BEEP-TONE"-Tells when conversation is being other subscribers' stations associated on the same recorded. If you hear a gentle "Beep" repeated line. every 15 seconds or so-you will know that the LIMIT TO USE OF PARTY LINES - Continuous person to whom you are talking has a recording use of a party line by any station on the line must machine which is making a recording of your conbe limited to five •minutes, whether the party u■ing versation. the station made the call or was called. ERRORS IN DIRECTORIES-It is our aim and effort to have all information in telephone directories ab- • • ADVERTISING TELEPHONE NUMBERS-The adsolutely correct. In spite of all precautions, however, vantages of showing telephone numbers on stationerrors will occur from time to time, and your cooper• ·. 'ery, signs, cards, etc., are recognized, though the ating with us in locating and promptly correcting growth and changes in the city and the correspondthem is requested. ing growth and arrangement of telephone facilities We ask that each of our subscribers, upon receipt may require the changing of telephone numbers. of a new issue of the Telephone Directory, carefully For this reason, stationery,. signs, cards, etc., showlook over all listings and advertisements which bear his telephone numbers. If they are not absolutely ing telephone numbers -should not be printed in correct, promptly call the Business Office by telelarge quantities. phone. Steps will then be taken to , protect y~mr serv• 01::!JECTlONABLE LANGUAGE-The subscriber shall ice and to correct the directory •information for the not use, or I permit to be used, profane, obscene or following issue. abusive language, or impersonate any other indiThe Telephone Company shall not be liable for vidual wnh traudulent mtent over the wires connected damage claimed on account of errors in or omissions with his instrument, or use the same for any unfrom its Directories, nor for the result of publication lawfu I purpose. of such errors in the Directory; , nor will the TeleSECURITY DEPOSITS-The Company may require phone Company be a party to controversies arising from subscribers in all cases where it is consider!!d between subscribers or others as a result of listings necessary, a cash deposit or other satisfactory f,e· pnhlished in its Directories. curity in sus;h amount as will in its judgment insure UNAUTHORIZED ATTA(;HMENTS~No .instrument, as far as may be practicable. the payment of bil11 attachment, dial cap or device of any kind, not furfor telephone service rendered. nished by the Telephone Company, shall be attached The Telephone to or in any way used in connection with the tele- ·REGULATIONS AND TARIFFS Company furnishes all of its various services aud phone equipment. No binder, holder or auxiliary adjuncts thereto, subjects to its published regulacover shall be used in connection with any telephone tions and tariffs, a public file of which is located in directory furnished by the Telephone Company. MAINTENANCE-All ordinary expense of mainte• . the local Business Office. A representative of the Company will gladly lend assistance in securing innance and repair. unless otherwise specified in the formatic'fn from such regulations and tariffs. Company's schedule, is to be borne by the Company. J LONG DISTANCE SERVICE TO MAKE A LONG DISTANCE CALL Dial "O". Give the operator the name of the town you are calling, the telephone number if known, or the name and address of the residence or .business firm being called, followed by. your own telephone number. If you wish to talk to a specified person, also give the name of that person. STATION-TO-STATION SERVICE A Station-toStation Call is one on which you will talk with anyone available al'- the called telephone, · except when that telephone is connected to a · private branch exchange switchboard and you specify a designated extension or department. Charges for these calls are based on an initial period of three • minutes, except , to points for which the rate is 26 .cents or less, where the initial period is five minutes. Station-toStation calls cost less than Person-to-Person calls, described below, because less operator l_abor and less use of long distance facilities are required to complete them. PERSON-TO-PERSON SERVICE..'._A Person-to-Person call is one on which you specify a designated person, . or an extension or department off a private branch exchange switchboard, to be reached at the called place. Charges are based on an initial period of three minutes. It the µarty cannot be reached directly bv telephone, the operator, at your request, will arrange to send a messenger to summon the called person to a telephone. This will in volve a small additional rhare;e to defras ihe expense of the messe.nger. Also at vour request, the operator at no add.itional charge will make an appointment with the called party so that you can talk at a specified time. NIGHT AND ·SUNDAY RATES-For both Station-toStation and Pers9n-to:Person calls special rates are in effect every night from 6 p. m. to 4 :30 a. m. and ,all day Sunday. These rates are lower than corresponding week day rates on calls for distances of about 60 miles or more. The minimum reduced rate is 35 cents for Station-to-Station calls and in general 60 cents for Person -to-Person calls. REVERSAL OF CHARGES-On both Person-to-Per· son and Station to-Station calls reversal of char,rew is permitted without extra cost -except on Station· to-Station calls of 20 cents or less for the initial , period, which takes a slightly higher rate when sent rnllPrl CALI: BY NUMBER..:..It will assist in furnishing the fastest long distan.ce . service if calls are placed by the telephone number. If you do not know the call~d number, irive vo11r call to the I.onir Di.,tance operator in the usual manner and she will obtain the number for you. RATE INFORMATION · - If you wish to have the Long D'istance o·perator tell you the cost of a call at the close of a conversation, notify her when you place the call. • SUBSCRIBERS ARE RESPONSIBLE for all charges for messages originating from, or, reversed to, th2ir telephones. �TELEPHONE DIRECTORY HEMINGWAY, S. C. JOHNSONVILLE, S. C. PAMPLICO, S. C. September, 1953 INDEX Business Transactions with the Company..... '. .............................. This Page General Information ...................................................... Inside Front Cover How to Place Out-of-Town Calls .................................. Inside Front Cover Hemingway Listings .............................................................................. Page 2 Johnsonville Listings ............................................................................ Page 5 Pamplico Listings .................................................................................. Page 7 Classified Section ........................................................................Yellow Pages Dial Instructions ................................................................ Inside Back Cover SERVICE CALLS Hemingway Johnsonville Pamplico Long Distance ....................................................dial O Numbers not listed in directory..............................2011 Report Telephone out of order................................ 2011 Business Office ···························"································2011 O 7451 7451 0 2251 2251 EMERGENCY CALLS Hemingway Johnsonville Pamplico Fire ................................................................ 285 l 7261 2451 or 2391 Police ............................................................ 2851 7261 2451 or 2391 Ambulance Service .................................... 250 I Federal Bureau of Investigation Office______ ______. ______ _________________________ Dial "0" BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS WITH THE COMPANY Our aim is to render a service that will be satisfactory to our customers; however, we realize that difficulties will sometimes occur despite all our efforts to avoid them. Above are shown the numbers which should be called to place long distance calls, for numbers not listed in the directory, to report service difficulties and in cases of emergencies. Other ,:natters, includ• ing all business transactions, should be taken up with the business office either by telephone. personal visit, or letter. BUSINESS OFFICE, Lafayette Avenue, Hemingway, S. C ........... Telephone 2011 BUSINESS HOURS ........................ 8:30 A. M. to IP. M.-2 P. M. to 5:30 P. M. Letha B. Huggins, Manager...................................................................................... 201 l TELEPHONE CALLS TO THE BUSINESS OFFICE Call .Hemingway 2011 and the representative that answc:::rs will be glad to handle your busi• ness transactions. BILLS AND PAYMENT All bills include local service charges in advance one month and long distance calls up, to the twentieth of month preceding date of bill, and may be paid by mail. or in person. Hemingway ........................ Johnsonville ........................ Pamplico ........................ ~.-~-- Due Date Collector 10th of month 15th of month 15th of Month Telephone Office Johnsonville State Bank Steele's Cleaners �HEMINGWAY, S. C. 2 HEMINGWAY, S. C. O!J. calls between Hemingway and Johnsonville or between Johnsonville and Hemingway. Subscriber will dial the digit ''9." You will then get dial tone in the Exchange of the town being called, then dial the number. If when the digit "9" is dialed you get a busy signal, this means the trunk is busy. H ang up your receiver an d dial again later. EMERGENCY NUMBERS For Long Distance ........... :........ dial O Information .............................. dial 2011 Police & Fire Dept ...................dial 2851 To Report Trouble................ dial 201 I A A & J Terminal Restaurant ........ ... . .. 2554 Adkins Warren Y r . . . . . . ... ...... .. .. . 2524 Altman Earl B r . . .... ... . . .. · ..... 3114 Altman Emory r . . ..... . ............... 3608 Altman Holly W r .... . . . . .. . ... . ... .. 3607 Altman W A Sr Mrs r .................. 2372 American Legion Hut .......... . . . . . ... . 2266 American Re~ Cross ... ..... ..... 2744 or 2403 Anderson Harry S r . . . . . ....... . . . 2191 Anderson State Bank .. .. .. . ... . .... . .... 2744 Anderson Theatre Box Ofc ............... 3401 Ard E L Jr Atty ....... ..... .. .. ..... . 2181 Ard Emerson L r .. .. ........ . .... .. .. .. 2671 Ard Mrs Lawrence W r ................ 3634 Armory ...... . ................. . ...... 3471 Askins J P Atty ...... . ........ .. . . .. . .. 3234 Askins J P Jr r ..... . . . ............ . ... 3239 Avant W L r . . . . . . . . .. . . ..... . ...... 2933 B B G Cut Rate . .. .............. .. . .. . .. 3163 B & M Service Station ... .. ............. 2544 Baker Dr H L Ofc .... . . ......... ... . ... 3731 Baker H L Dr r ... . .. .... .. .. .. . . . .... 2344 Barnhill N R r ... . ........ ... . . ....... 2111 Bauer V L Dr r ...... . .. .... . . ...... 2353 Baxley Alfre<I' W r ........... .. ..... .. 3623 Baxley Bernice Miss r ......... . ......... 3442 Baxley Jessie J r .... . ....... .. ... . ..... 2263 Baxley Oakies Place ...... .. .......... 3663 Baxley's Grocery ....... . .. .. ........ .. . 2261 Bedilingfield C G Jr r ............ . . .... 3413 Bennett Rev H J Jr r .· ..... ........... 3484 Big 4 Warehouse ... ... .............. ... 3714 Brewer Dewey r ... . . . 3533 Britton Walter E r ... ......... .... .... 3626 Britton William L r . ...... .. .... ... .... 3621 Brockington W F r ...... .. . . . ......... 2042 Brown Bros Studio . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . 2892 Brown Bros Wholesale & Retail .. . ...... 2894 Brown JD Jr r ........ ........ . ... .. . . 3359 Brown J D Sr r ...................... 3357 Brown K M r .. ................. . .. . ... 3351 Bryant W E Dr r .. .. ............. ..... 2354 Bushardt J B Sr r ...... . . ............ 3463 Butch's Steak House . . ... .............. 3562 Carmichael Hubert r .. . ... . . ....... . ... . 2583 Carmichael J M Mrs r . ............. . .... 3121 Carter James F r ............. . . ... .... 3394 Chandler B J r .............. ... ..... 3638 Chandler G H r ..... . ....... . ..... ..... 2922 Chandler George F r ....... ... ....... ... 3632 Chandler J Milton r ..... .. . . .. . . .... ... 3624 Chandler Sherod T r . . ...... ... .... . ... 3636 Chandler W J Sr r . .... .. . . ..... .. ..... 3631 Chandler William J Jr r .... .... .... .... 3628 Chavis School .. .. ·........ .. ........... 3364 Chinnis Edward D r .... ..... ... . ....... 3423 Chinnes H M Mrs r . .. .. . .... ... . .. . . .. 3251 Choice Meat Market .. .... . . ....... .. .. . 3684 City Fish Market . .......... .. .... . . .. .. 3524 Coastal Fertz Co .. . ...... .... ... . ...... 3693 Cockfield Jack C r .... ...... .. ... ... . . . 2381 Cockfield Jack W r ....... .... . . . ..... . 2383 Coker J A r ... .. ..... . ... ... . . ...... .. 2322 Coleman J W r ..... .... ... ... ....... . .. 3511 Covington R E r ....... . . ............ . 3861 Cox B A r . .. . .. . .......... •......... . . 3398 Cox E J r .... .... . .................. . 3492 Cox F C Mrs r .... ... .. . . . ...... ... .. . 2262 Cox Frank r .. . . ..... ... ... ....... .... 3493 Cox Frank Garage & Parts ... . ... . ... ... 2332 Cox J La Vance r .... ... . ...... .... ..... 2921 Cox Marvin C r ... . .... . ... . .. .. . .. . . 3384 Cox Miriam Miss r .... .. ....... . ........ 3348 Cox Nina D Mrs r ....... .. ... .... .. .... 2863 Cox Richard L r ..... . .................. 3344 Cox Thea W r . .... .. .. . .... .. .... .. . . 3637 Cox W C r ......... . ...... . .. . ........ 3343 Cox W C Garage . ... ·.................. 3347 Cox Wilburn r ........... .. ...... .. .. 3391 Creel Feed and Seed Co . . .......... .. . ... 2154 Creel K E r ... . .. .. ... . ......... . . . ... 2672 Creel L E Jr r ... ..................... 3771 Cribb Mrs Ebbie C r ................ •. ... 3396 Cribb M O r .. ..... ... .. .. . . . . ....... .. 3434 Crouse T J r ..... . ....... ............ 3773 Curtis Drug Co ........ . ............... 2814 Curtis T A Dr r . . . .. ... ... . . . ........ .. 2572 D Calcutt W R r .. . ......... . . .. .. . ..... 3612 Calder L A Rev r . . . . . . . ...... . 2092 Cannon C D r . . .... •.. . . . ............... 2524 Cannon W F r ....... ....... ....... . ... 3431 Dairy Queen ................. . .... . .... 2721 Davis Bernard Mrs r .... .. . . . . . .... . .... 2684 Davis Billy r ..... . ... . ...... . .. ..... 372.2 Davis Elbert J r .. ..... . ... ....... .. .. 3322 Davis G L r ... . .... .. .. .... ... .. . ... 3392 Davis LeRoy r ..... . ....... .. . . . .. ... . 3362 Carmichael A C r .... ..... .... ..... .. .. 3112 Davis Service Station ....... . ... . . .... .. 2694 C �,.. 8 Delany D A r ........................ 3611 Dennis Feed an~ Seed Co ....... . ........ 3164 Dennis Fred r ...... . ........... . ...... 3629 Dennis J A r .... . .. . ................ 3173 Donnahoe Jack r ...................... 3273 Doster J E r ... . ..... .. ........ . .... ... 2911 Doug's Jewelers .. . ... .. .... . ........... 3592 Douglas Margie Mrs r . . ......... ..... . 3723 Draughon Agency G V .. .. .......... .. .. . 3222 Draughon G V r ............... . .. . . 3227 Du Rant Bethel Sr Mrs r ................. 2914 Du Rant J T r .. . .... . ........... . .... 2931 E Eaddy Carrol M r ... . . .. ............. . .. 2404 Eaddy Charles G r .......... . ........... 2833 Eaddy Crafton r ... . ...... .. .. .. .. ... . . 3284 Eaddy D W r . ......... . ............ . 3781 Eaddy Fitzhugh L r .......... . .... . .. . . . 3341 Eaddy H E Jr r ... .. ......... ...... 3703 Eaddy H E Sr r . .......... . ..... ..... 3349 Eaddy J M G Mrs r ..................... 2082 Eaddy O C r ..... ........ . . . .. .. . .... .. 3101 Eacldy Rufus F r . . ............. . .... .. 3393 Eaddy Rosa L Flower Shop ... ..... ...... . 2764 Eaddy U S r ... .. .... . ........... . ... 2712 Eaddy Rupert H r . . ... . ......... . .. . .. 2769 Edwards Bulk Plant .. . . ...... .... ... .. . 2319 Edwards FE & Son ......... . .. . .. . ..... 2314 Edwards Fred E r ....... . ...... . ....... 2173 Edwards Fred Gor~on r ................ . . 2321 Ervin Miss Annie L r ................... 3649 Ervin S J r . . ... . .................... 3644 F Fenters B G & Son .... . ........ '. ...... 3662 Fenters D M r ....... .. .. .. ............ 3281 Fenters D T Jr r .. . . .............. ... . 3324 Fenters D T Sr r .......... . ........... . 3433 Fenters Kate M Mrs r ............ . .. . ... 2582 Fenters Motor Co Inc .................. 2822 Fenters O H r ........ . . ............ .. 3421 Fenters Reynolds r ....... . ............. 3618 Fenters Sara M Mrs r ............. . .... 2802 FIRE DEPARTMENT ...... .. ..... ... . .. 2851 Flowers T W r .. .. . .. . . . . ... ...... . . ... 2934 Floyd Cleo Mrs r .. . .................... 3462 Foster A B r .. . .... . .. . .. .. ... ... .. . .. 2581 ofc .............................. 3541 (i Galloway John C r ............ . ......... 2832 Galloway W B Jr r ................... 2301 Gamble Harry W r .................... 3646 Gaskin G H r ... . ....... . . . .... . ....... 2084 Gaskin J D r ...... •. . ... . .. . ... . ..... . . 3504 Gaster E B Mrs r ..................... 3354 Gaster J T r .. . .............. . . . .... 3399 Gibbons Vivian Miss r . .... .............. 3512 Gibson W W r .... . ........ .. . . ..... . .. 3356 Ginn J B r ............................ 3133 Ginn Orie Miss r . . . '................. . . . 3123 Ginn R P r ........................ 3382 'Gordon George J r ... : ........... . . ... 3366 HEMIN GWAY, S. C. Gordo n )as A Bar-B-Q Stand ... .... ... . ... 3363 Gordon M Keith r .. ...... .. . .. . .. ..... 2363 Gregg R L r ................... . ...... . 2732 Green Jack Pr . .. ............ ...... , . . 2711 Grier Allen r ... ........ .. ............. 2584 Gri er H L r ........... .. ........ . ..... 3113 Grier J C r ..... . .. ................ ... 3103 Grimbal Evans r .... •.................. 3616 Grimsley Marion C r .... .. •. ... .......... 2041 H Hand B Lumber Co .... ... ............. 2022 H & M Cafe .. . . ... ..... . . ......... ... . 2703 Ham Samuel E Dr Opto ... . ............ 3294 Hanna George D r .. . ................ . 3647 Hanna Sidney Tr ..................... . . 2874 Hardee Luther W r . ...... . . . . ...... . .. 3397 Hardy & King Whse 1, 2 & 3 . . ..... . .. . . . 2061 Hardy J Robert r ....................... 3494 Hardy John A r ...... .. . ...... . ........ 2864 Harmon W B r .. . . ..... . ......... . .. 2662 Harmon W B & Co Insurance . .. ....... . 2667 Harry's Sales & Service ....... ..... .... 3651 Hart E W r .......... . ................ 3131 Haselden A Caesar r .... •.............. 2723 Haselden Mrs Annie V r .... .. ... . ....... 3334 Haselden Bros Ofc .... ... ... . ... . . ...... 2134 Body Shop ......... . ........ . .... . 2104 Hasel den C L r ..... . . ....... ... . .... .. 2454 Haselden Dick r . .. .... .... ....... ..... 3513 Haselden H Eclwin r ..... ..... ..... ... .. 3603 Haselden Henry Will r ... . ..... . ......... 2268 Haselden S J J r r .................... . . 2794 Haselden S J Jr Ofc ............... .... 2799 Haselden S J Sr r ............ .. ........ 2942 Haselden Willie Miss r ................... 3454 Haselden Willis E r ..... . .......... . ... . 3181 Hemingway Drive In Theater ............. 2024 Hemingway Dry Cleaners ................ 2774 Hemingway Furniture Co . ................ 2144 Hemingway Gin Company ..... . .......... 3552 Hemingway Hardware Co ...... . . . . .... . . 2644 Hemingway High School . . .. . . . .......... 2284 Hemingway Hotel & Restaurant .......... 3811 Hemingway Ma ry Julia Miss r .. .. ...... : . 2432 Hemingway Pauline B Mrs r ...... ..... ... 2344 Hemingway Refrigeration & Locker Co .. . . . 2751 Hemingway Scrap Iron & Metal Co ....... . 3538 Hemingway Tire Recapping Co ........... 3572 Hemingway Town Hall .... . ............. 2531 Hemingway Tractor Co ..... . ....... ..... 3653 Hemingway W T r ..... . .. .. .......... . 2654 Holliday J W Mrs r . ........ . .......... . 2264 Huggins A M r ............. ...... ... 3381 Huggins A M Grocery . . ......... . .. .... 3601 Huggins Bros Sawmill .................. 3743 Huggins C D Jr r ...................... 3502 Huggins C D Sr ofc -res . ............... . 2619 Huggins C D & Sons Store . . ............ 2614 Huggins & Coleman Groc ... . ............ 2844 Huggi ns F Ei:lwin r ...... . .............. 2162 Huggins F E Hardwa re Co ... . .. . .. . .. .. . 2164 Huggins Fred Mrs r ..................... 2373 Huggins Harry W r ... . . . .......... . ... 3387 Huggins James W r .... . ............ .. . 3353 Huggins K N r ........................ 3352 Huggins Rena C Mrs r .............. .... 3346 �HEMINGWAY. S. C. Huggins T Eugene r .... . ............ . .. 3412 Huggins W Jack r .... . ........ .... . . ... 3111 Hughes Everett r ..... .. .......... ..... 3378 Hughes R A r .. . . . . ... .•. ... .......... 3272 Hughes SC Jr r .......... .. ... .. ..... 3124 Hughes Sidney r .. .. .... .... •........... 3606 Hyman L S Mrs r ..................... 3874 Hyman Motor Co ....................... 2394 I Ivey W A r .......................... 36.39 J • "J" Barber Shop ..... . .......... .. ..... 2481 Jernigan Olien L r .. .... ... ...... . ...... 3752 Johnson Mrs Allen H r .... . ... .. . ..... 2121 Johnson D L r . .. .... .... .... .... .... 3282 Johnson Esther D Ofc .. .. ............ 3573 Johnson Memorial Hospital ............... 2424 Colored Unit ... ... .... .. .. ... ... . . 3264 Nurses Home r .. ....... . ... ..... .. 2574 Jowers' Furniture Co ........ . . ... ... .... 2234 Jowers M D r ...... .... ................ 2043 Joye E M Jr r . . ... . . .. ........ .. ..... 24.34 Joye E M & Sons Livestock Commission Market .. ... ..... .. .. .. . .3342 Joye G E r . . ...................... . . .3617 Joye Wildon r ............ . ....... ...... 2604 L Lawrimore Fred r ...... . ....... . . ... . 3602 Lawrimore J Baker r ..... ... . ......... 3383 Lawrimore Percy B r .................. 3372 Lawrimore Rufus B r . . ................ 3373 lawrimore V Blue r . ......... ........ .. 3604 lawrimore W A r ................ . . .. 3371 Lawrimore Willard r ................. .'.3754 lawrimore Willie J r ............. . .... 3376 lee Mrs Ethel r .......... ..... . .. . . ... 2873 Lee M B r .. .......... . ............... 2773 Lewis Allen r .. .... .. .................. 3503 lewis Barber Shop .................... .3762 lewis George r .............. .. ........ .3332 lewis Henry J r . . •................. .. .. . 3491 Lewis Joe O r ....... . .. .. ..... . ... ... . . 2632 Lewis Supply Co . ........ ......... . . . .. 2637 Lewis Thea r ... . ..... ........ .. . ...... 2431 Lewis Uther l r ...................... 2913 Lynch Viva Mrs r . ..... .. .... ... .... 2294 N Nelson Henry C Sr r .................. 3643 Nelson Willie H r ... . . ..... ...... .... .. 3648 Newell's Gulf Station ................... 3522 Nooney Mrs Emma r ...... ... ... ....... . 3701 0 Oliver Reginald r ....................... 3102 p Parsons J B r ... .. .................. .. 3253 Parsons Nadine B Mrs r ..... . ....... .... 2267 Parsons S E r . . ....................... 3614 Pasley James r ....... . .... ....... .... 3361 Patrick George r ...................... 3274 Pee Dee Fertilizer Sales Co . . ..... . ....... 3541 Pee Dee Telephone Company . ........... . . 2011 Perry Davis r .. ..... . ... . ... . ......... 3784 Piggly Wiggly Super Market .. .. .......... 2251 Pine Lodge Motel ........... .. ... ...... 3802 Pipes C T r ............ .... .......... 3702 POLICE DEPARTMENT ................. 2851 Poston Ernest C r ...... . .......... .•.. . 3613 Purcell D W r ................. . ..... .. 2943 R Ragsdale A W r ............. .. ........ 2561 Ratcliff's Dept Store .... . .. . . ..... ...... 3151 Ratcliff R Cecil Mrs r . .. ..... ......... . 3171 Richards & Associates .. . .............. . 3831 ,Richardson Everett r ............ ...... 27.33 Road Side Inn .......... . .... ... ...... 3791 Rogers & Dimery Funeral Home .... ..... 3794 Rogers Frank D r . ..... .. ..... . ....... . 2741 Rogers L L r ....... . ...... . .......... 3374 Rogers l M (Buaily) r .. .. ............ 3377 Rogers Shell Service .................... 3551 Rogers W C M D r ........... ... ... . .. 3641 Ruffin C B r . . .............. ........ 3782 Ruffin T E r .......... .. ............. 3242 Ruffin's Dept Store ... ........ . ......... 2784 s Marsh Mrs D C r ....... ....... ...... 2872 Marsha's Dress Shop ................... 2183 McAlister C B Grocery ... . .. .. . . . ....... 2624 McAlister Travis Miss r ........ .. ........ 2044 McDaniel G R r ................. ... .. .. 3461 McDaniel Noman r .. . . ......... .. .. .... 2601 McDaniel Z H Jr r .............. . ..... 2734 McDaniel Z H Sr Mrs r .. . •.. . .. .......... 2731 McElveen J W r ...................... 2573 Merritt H N D V M r .... .. . ....... .. . 2924 Metts Phil r .. .. ....... . .. . ... . ........ 3252 Mildred's Beauty Shop ... . •. . .......... 2272 Mill Ena Store ..... .. ............ .... . . 3191 Mo rris Funeral Home ................... 2501 Morris Johnny r ... .... : .......... . .... 2923 S & S Milling Co .... ... .. . . ............ 2983 Santee Oil Co .... . .. ; ..... .... .. . .... 2694 Scott Thomas H r .................. . ... 3132 Seaboard Airline Depot ............... . .. 2594 Simmons Esso Service ....... . ...... .. . . 2961 Smith C A r .. .. ................. . ..... 3444 Smith L G r ......................... . 3783 Smith R M Jr r ........ . . ...... ...... 2861 Snow John J r ....... .. ........... •... . 3633 Snowden Clarence P r ............... .... 2071 Snowden-Hollings Insurance Agency ...... 2074 Snowden S J r ............. . .. . ........ 2882 Snowden Thomas Mr ........... ... ..... 2882 Snowden 's Auto & Electric Store .......... 207 4 Snowden's Auto Rebuilders ........... . ... 2884 Southern Cities Ice Co .. . ............ . .. 2904 Souihsiae Garage .... ..... ..... ..... .... 3563 Spain Rev L P r ................. ... .. 2571 Spic & Span Dry Cleaners .......... ..... 2972 Spivey Joe E r . ... ·.............. ... ... 3673 Ofc .. . ..... ..... . ................ 2244 Spivey an"d Williams Florist .. ............ 2963 Morris W Carol r ... ... ......... . ...... 2361 Spivey Radio & TV Service ... .. . .. .. .... 3591 M �i 3 1 5 Springs Shirby r .............. . ...... 3464 Strickland's Jewelers ...... . ......... .... 2974 Stucky Bros Furn Co ................. . 2052 Stuckey Bros Grocery ............. _.... 2056 Stucky Bros Parts Co . . .... . ...... '.. . .. . 2051 Stuckey Chandler Farm Supply Inc ....... 2057 Stucky Dexter r ........ . . .......... . ... 2059 Stucky George r ...... . .. ....... ...... . . 2053 Stucky James r ................ . ....... 2058 Stucky R W r ..... . ... .... . .. ... . .. . .. . 2054 T Tanner Eugene r ...................... 3627 Tanner Jasper r ..... . ...... .... ....... 3642 Tanner O'Neil Grocery . . .. .. . ............ 2269 Tanner Willie Mrs r , ..... . ...... . .. . .... 3424 Tomlinson's Corp ........ . .. . ......... . . 2414 Tomlinson's Food Store ............. . .... 2804 Tri•County Tribune ... ... . ............ .. 2271 JOHNSONVILLE, S. L. u Ulmer J G Dr r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2032 Ofc . .... .. ............ .. .... . .. . . 2034 U S Post Office ............... . ......... 3141 V Venters Anne Mims Mrs r ................ 2912 Venters Lester r ... ... . ........ ....... 2112 Venters Louis E r . . .................... 2433 Vogue Beauty Shop .................... 2723 w Ward Mrs C L r ...................... 3333 Waters Rev Ernest L r ................. 3672 Western Auto Associate Store ............ 2992 Williams A L Rev r ...... •...... . . ....... 3514 Williams Jim P r ........ . .............. 2403 Williams Jim Garage . . . .......... ...... . 3293 Wilson Inez B r ...... .... .......... •... . 3243 Woodberry Medders r .................. 3379 JOHNSONVILLE, S. C. On calls between Hemingway and Johnsonville or between Johnsonville and H emingway. Subscriber will dial the digit "9." You will then get dial tone in the Exch ange of the town being called, then dial the number. If when the d igit "9" is d ialed you get a busy signal, th is means the tr unk is busy. Hang up your receiver and dial again later. EMERGENCY NUMBERS For Long Distance ....................dial O For Information ...................... dial 745 1 Police & Fire Dept. .................. dial 7261 To R eport Trouble ........................ 74.5 1 Ambulance Service ...................... Hemingway dial 2501 A D Altman C H r ..... . .................. 7502 Altman Dora W Mrs r .................. 7633 Altman W W r . ..... .. . ... . ........... 7121 Decamp Arthur M Dr r ................. 7122 Dennis T W r . ... . . . .. . ..... . .......... 7361 Dowdy W H r ...... . .............. . ... 7625 Dunnahoe G E r ...... . . '. . . . ... .. . . . . .. 7155 Dunnahoe's Grocery .......... . ...... , .. 7151 B Bennett J P Jr r ... . ................... 7431 Bishop Melvin r .................... . ... 7345 Brock Jimmie P r . . ............ ... ... 7532 C Calcutt Donald D r .................... 7672 Campbell Charles F r .................... 7365 Chapman Jimmie H r ..... .. .. . ..... . . .. 7435 Chapman's Service Station ............... 7541 Cole L L r .. .............. . ......... 7372 Collins W P r .. , ................. . .... 7610 Corner Grocery ..... ... . ..... . . ..... . . 7232 Cottage Lunch & Service Station .. ....... 7451 Cox~ Body Shop .. .. .... . .... . .... ..... 7245 Creel L E Sr r . ... . ................ . .. 7622 Creel W C r .... ·. . ... . ............... 7531 E Eaddy A G Mrs r ... . . .................. 7395 Eaddy G W r .............. . .......... 7617 Eaddy H D r ........................... 7335 Eaddy Haroltf r ........................ 7472 Eaddy Jack J r ... ................... 7613 Eaddy V O r ................... . ....... 7422 F ......... . .. . 7261 _FIRE DEPARTMENT Floyd A W r ... . .. ................ .... 7383 Floyd H M r .......................... . 7323 Friendly Dry Goods ........ ~-. , . : .... . ... 7243 Furchess H D r ...... . . . ....... ...... . 7626 �JOHNSONVILLE, S. C. (j Gaster SJ r . ..... •.. .... .... . ........ 7525 6 Prosser W G r ........................ 7703 Prosser W G Store .. . . ..... . . . ...... . ... 7272 H Hammond E B r . . .. ... ..... ... ... . . . . 7615 Hanna Davis A r ..... .. ... ... ...... . ... 7545 Haselden D B r .... . ................... 7145 Hearn H F r .......................... 7553 Hearn L r . . . .... .·..... . ... . ........ 7627 Huggins Ernest r ... . . .... .. . ... ..... ... 7475 Huggins •Gin ... . ... . . .............. . .. 7193 Huggins Hardware Company .... . . .... . . .. 7191 Huggins Joe r ....... ...... . .. .. . ... .. . 7171 Huggins R B Sr Mrs r . . ....... . .... . .... 7175 I Information Johnsonville . ....... ... . .... . 7451 J Johnson Jessie T r •. . ........... . . .... . 7331 Johnsonville Bus Station .. . ............. 7351 Johnsonville . Hardware & Appliance Co .... . 7231 Johnsonville High School .......... . .. . . . 7321 Johnsonville Parts & Garage ............. 7425 Johnsonville Pharmacy .... .. .......... . . 7561 Johnsonville State Bank ............... . . 7251 Jones Grady C r .. .. .... .. .. .... .... ... 7601 R Rawlings J L r .... . .... .. ... . . . . . .. 7628 Richardson B F r ... . .. . . .. . ... .... .... 7616 Richardson J B r .................... . . 7611 Richardson W O r ......... . ....... . ... 7575 s Seaboard Airline Depot ........ . ......... 7131 Seiveno Frank r ... . ........ . . .. ... .. ... 7632 Stone Andrew I r . ................. . ... 7673 Strickland I J r . . ..................... 7555 Strickland's Furniture Co .. . ..... . . . . . ... 7161 K T L Tanner Mrs Adcfie r ...... ... .. . . ...... 7701 Taylor J Er ... ... . . . . , ... ... .. . ... . . . . 7441 Thompson Mrs Ducfley r . .. . .... . . ....... 7702 Tomlinson-Venters Corp ....... . .. . . . ..... 7111 Turner W J r ...... ·. ... ... ... ....... . 7392 King James W r . . ............ . . ..... . 7621 Lane Tracy r ... . . .. .. . ............... 7571 Lentz H J r .......... . . .. .... . ...... . . 7456 M Marsh D L r ....... . ..... . .......... 7605 Mary's Beauty Shop ...... . . . .. . . ... . .. 7562 McC~nden GB r . ...... .. . . . . .... ...... 7462 Meng W H r .......................... 7513 V Venters E H Co .. .. . ................ .. . 7281 Vente~ EH Jr r .. . . .. .. . .... ...... .. .. 7282 Venters E H Sr r .. ...... .......... .. .. . 7443 Venters Eliza L Mrs r .. ..... . . .......... 7375 Venters W O r . .. . ...... . . . ... . . .. . ... 7333 N Newell Eugene r . . ............. . ........ 7505 p Pee Dee Telephone Co Hemingway .. . . . . . .. 2011 POLICE DEPARTMENT .. ..... ... . . . . ... 7261 Poston A L r .. . ..... . ................. 7620 Poston Annie C Mrs r ... .. . . ............ 7432 Poston B L r .. ..... . ............. . . . 7618 Poston P D r . . ........... . ............ 7291 Poston P D Grocery ....... . ... ...... . 7292 Poston S B Mrs r .......... . ......... .. 7511 Poston S W r .......................... 7401 Poston S W Gin ............. . . . .... .... 7411 Powell A L r . .. ........... . ... .. ...... 7473 Powell Wa-lker r .......... ... .. . ...... 761Z Prosser's Department Store .............. 718'1 Prosser Randolph r ............. .... ... . 7332 Prosser Richarij r ................ . .... .. 7183 w. Waters Wilbert T Rev r .... . .. . . . . ...... 7402 Weaver & Baxley Grocery ..... . . . ...... . 7591 Weaver David r . .......... . . ... .... . . .. 7373 Weaver's Garage ...................... 7355 Wisteria Flower Shop ....... . .. ...... . .. 7545 Woodberry C O r . . . . .. . ..... .. .... . ... 7623 �PAMPLICO, S. C. 7 PAMPLICO, S. C. EMERGENCY NUMBERS For Long Distance ....................dial 0 Police & Fire Dept . .................. dial 2451 A Ace's Drive In ... ............... . . ..... 2481 Andrews Grocery .. ...................... 2311 For Information ......................dial 2251 To Report Trouble ................ dial 2251 Amb. Service ......Hemingway dial 2501 . Daniel Brothers D . ... . .. .. ...... . .... . . . 2970 De Berry S A r .. . . .. . ..... . ..... . ..... 2977 Dewitt James r . .. .................... 2681 B B & C Fuel Co ............ . .... .. ..... 2071 Belflowers T D Grocery .... . . . .. . . ... 2965 Belin Sally r . ........... .. .... . .... . .. 2792 Bennett J C r .... .. .. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . .. 2662 Bennett's Cash Grocery ... .... ....... . .. 2045 Boling W D r ........ . ............... . ·~2622 Bostick A H r .... . . . ........ . ........ 2345 Bostick J E r ·........... . .. . ........ . . 2353 Bostick J L r ... .. ... . ... . . . ......... 292). Brick Warehouse ..... . ......... ... .... 2381 Brown Edgar r .... . .... . ........... . .. 2663 Brown Lenora Mrs r ... . . . . . .. . ... . .... 2242 Burch Otto r . . . . ...... . ......... . . . . .. 2891 C Cain Coleman W r .. . ..............-.--:-. . . 2522 Cain Mary Lee r .. . ... . ...... . . . . . ..... 2892 Cain R C r ..... . ... . . . ... ... .... . .... . 2723 Calcutt B H r . ....... . . . .. . ... . . . .. . .. 2968 Calcutt B W r ........ . .. . . . .. . ....... 2602 Calcutt H G r . . ...... .. . . ..... . ....... 2966 Calcutt J D r ......... . . . .............. 2963 Calcutt T B r .. . ... . ..... ·. ..... .. .. . ... 2832 Calcutt W B r ... .. ... . ..... . . . .. . .... . 2961 Campbell J R r ........................ 2705 Chastain J B r . . .. . .. .. ........... . .. . . 2751 Clark C O Rev r .. . ......... ' ... . ...... . 2962 Coleman A A r ............. . ....... . ... 2333 Coleman A B r ............ . ............ 2391 Coleman Miss Buena r ............. . .. 2671 Coleman Farms Co ..................... . 2778 Coleman Ivan M r ... .. ................. 2612 Coleman J J r ............ ... ...... . .. 2942 Coleman J Rutle'dge r ........ . .... . . . . .. 2763 Coleman L B Jr r .. . ..... .. ..... .. ..... 2732 Coleman Lucille L Miss r ...... . ......... 2932 Coleman L M Mrs r .. .. .. .. ... . . ... .... 2673 Coleman M A r .......... .. ........ . ... 2112 Coleman Mosley C r .... . .. . . .. . ..... . .. 2821 Coleman Ray W r ......... .. . . .. . .. . ... 2692 Coleman Robert Wesley r ....... . ........ 2773 Coleman W A Gin ..................... 2001 Coleman W W (Buster) .. . .. . .......... 2342 Coleman Wallace L r ... . ·............... 2191 Coward R C r .......... . .... . ......... 2971 Cox G F r ..... . .... . ......... . ..... . . 2623 Cox P L r . . . ... . .. .. ......... . . . . .. 2960 Cox R H Jr r ........ . . . ....... . ...... 2695 E Eaddy Dewey r .. . . ............... . . ... 2672 Edwards W L r . . ... . ... . ... . .... . ..... 2967 Evans C· M r ............. .. ..... . .. .. 2682 Evans D D r . . ......... . ..... . ... . ... . 2611 F F & E Milling Co ..... . .......... . ... . .. 2402 Finklea A E Mrs r . .. . . .. ..... . ..... . . .. 2392 Finklea A G r .... . ........ . ....... .. .. 2976 Finklea C C & Co . .. .......... . .... .. .. 2582 Finklea Mrs Edal W r ........ . ...... . ... 2193 Finklea Eulalia C Mrs r ........ . .. . ..... 2735 Finklea F R r . ...... . .... . .......... . . 2715 Finklea Gary I r .. . .............. ... .. 2092 Finklea L B Jr r .. . . .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . 2332 Finklea N B Dr :- ... . . . ....... . .... . .... 2742 Finklea N C r .... . ... . . . .... . ... .. .... ,26.9.l. Finklea P B r . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ... . . .... . . 2753 Finklea S L r . . .... . ..... . . . ......... 2]..92 Finklea Tom r .... . ...... . ... . .. .. .... 2101 Fitch Carol C r ..... . . . . ... . ........... 2281 Foxworth John F r .... . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . 2752 . . 25 83 Foxworth Service Station . . 2421 Fri edman Morris r (l . 2873 Graham William r .. . . .. 2893 Green John r .... . . . . . Green Mannie r . . . . . . . . . 2883 Gregg R D Mrs r ........... . . ........ . 2243 Gunter Rev M T r ... . ..... . ·. ... . .... . 2712 H & T Sales Co Haines C G Mrs r Haines Vinsen F r Hanna D M r Harrington C D r H ............ .............. . . 2801 . . 2711 . . 2762 . 2978 . . .. ... .......... . ... 2755 Haselden Auburn r . ................ . ... 2395 Cross Harvey D r . . ~ . .. ...... . . .... .. . . . . 2413 Holliday J M r Cusack M R r .. . . .... .... .. . ... . . . .. . . 2532 Holliday W C r .. . . . ...... . . ........... . 2765 .. 2972 �PAMPLICO, S. C. 8 Hugee John r ........... . ..... .. 2872 Hyer Dr V M Ofc . . . .. . .... . . . ........ . 2022 Hyman CD r ............. . . .. . . . 2703 Hyman Drug Co .. .. . ... . .... 2151 Hyman L A Mrs r ... .. . . . . .. . 2412 Hyman Myrl r . 2291 Independent Warehouse I J .. 2261 I Jackson O E Rev r ...... .. •............ 2901 Jones J W Dr Optometrist . . .... . .. .. .. .. . 2161 Jones R R r . . . .... .. .... .... .... ... ·'. . 2791 Judge Jessie r ...... .. . ...... . . . ...... 2795 K Keefe Cla rence J r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2725 K eefe S E Mrs r . . . . . . 2833 Keith Charlie r ... ..... .... .. ......... 2902 Kirvin R A r . .... . . . ...... .. . ..... . . 2651 Pamplico Fertilizer Co ................... 2122 Pamplico Gin Co . ........ . . . ... . . .. . ... 2923 Pamplico High School .. .. ... .... ..... .. . 2061 Pamplico Supply Co . . .. . . . .... . .... . . .. . 2111 Pamplico Theatre ...... . . ... .. . . ... ... . . 2031 Pamplico Town of . .. . . 2451 Pearce James H Dr r . . . . . . . . . . . 2572 Pearce James H Dr ofc . . . . . . . . . . .. 2161 Pee Dee Telephone Company Inc Office Hemingway . . . . . ..... . . . . . ... 2011 Pamplico . .. .. .. ....... . ....... ... . 2251 Peebles Cecil B r .. .. . . . .. .. .. ..... . . .. . 2523 Peoples Hardware The ... . ............ . . 2132 Planters Warehouse .... . ........ . .. . .... 2371 Plowden Motors Inc .. . . ...... . .. . ....... 2081 Poston E B r . . . . ... .. .. .... . . ... . . .. . . 2i02 Poston J O Sr r ............. . ... . .. . ... 2973 Poston Lance E r . . .. ....... . . . . . . 2283 Poston W H Mrs r . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .. 2542 Powers R W r ................... .. ... 2442 Propst H M Mrs r . ........ .. . . ....... . 2713 R L Lan ce's Food Store . . . . . . . . . . 2131 Lan e E B Mrs r . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2543 Legion Hut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2645 Lewis Sa rah r .. . .. . .. . .. 2903 M Marsh Furniture Company #1 ..... . . . . . 2301 Marsh Furniture Co #2 .......... . . .. . . 2303 Masonic Hall ........... . . . . ...... . .... 2313 McCoy Eli jah r . . . . . . . . . . ... . ..... 2871 MacWhite Blanche H Mrs r ... . ....... .. 2245 McWhite W W r . . . . . . . . . . .... 2761 Miller E S r . ..... . ... ..... . . .. . ... 2931 Miller J E r ....................... . . . 2841 Munn A A r .. 2731 Munn CD Jr r .. . . . ... .... . . .. ........ 2423 Munn C D Sr- r . ..... . .... . . . . . ... ... 2913 Mun n Ch ri stine Mi ss r ............ 2701 Munn Frank M r . ... ... .. . ...... ...... 2952, Munn Hardware Co . . . . 2781 Myers J Monroe Mrs r . . . . . . . .. 2292 Myers W A Mrs r ......... . . 2603 Myrl's Super Market . .. .. . .. .. . .. . .. . . . . 2171 p Pampli co Bank & Tru st Co .. 2431 Pamplico Beauty Shop ... 2642 Pamplico Building and Supply . . . .. . .. ... 2441 Pamplico Dept Store . . . . . . . . . . .... 2141 Pamplico Feed & Seed Co . . 2042 Pamplico Warerouse ... . . ............... 2321 Robert's Market . . . .. . . . 2181 s Save rence R E Dr r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2352 Seaboard Airline Depot . 2811 Service Motor Co ...... . . .. . . ... . ... . ... 2051 Shugville Meat Curing Plant . . . . . . . . . . . 2967 Sh upe C Ray r . .... ... ... .... .. 2591 Smith T B Rev r . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2843 Smith T S r ............. . 2562 Sprott W P r . ... . .... ...... ........ . 2083 Steele 's Cleaners .. .. ... . ... ........ .. .. 2251 Steele G Ralph r . . ... . . .. . . . . . ... . .... . 2653 Steele John L r ... . . ..... .. . ...... . ... . 2252 Stuckey Emma Lee r ... .. . ... .. .. . . .. . 2895 Sutton J W Mrs r . ... . . ... ... ....... .. ·2241 T Thomas Buddy Store ....... . . . . ......... 2461 Th ro wer Rosa r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... 2881 Turner Hoyt Sr r .. .... . . . . ... . ......... 2722 Turner J B r . . .... . . .. .. ..... . .... . ... 2393 Turner Mrs Lillian C r ...... . .. . . ...... 2945 w Wilkinson C M r . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . 2361 Wilson Junior r . . . .. . . .. . .. . .. . . .... 2905 Woodberry Maxie r .... . ..... ........ . . . 2875 �Classified J elephone Directory Tells Where To Buy It and Who Will Fix It! Designed as a convenient guide -for specific commodities or services, the lists on these Yellow Pages are arranged alphabetically according to their business or professional classification. To assist you in finding the goods or services you desire, it is suggested you select the heading most nearly representing the article or service you need. In some instances, you may find two or more headings applicable. After selecting the headings most closely related to the item you're seeking, refer to the advertisements or listings associated with the heading, arid choose the business place you want to call. List Your Products Under Suitable Headings You will find that you will be giving buyers better service if you list your goods or services under all headings descriptive of the products you sell or services you render. For details about advertising or additional listings in these Yellow Pages, call or write the Telephone Co. Directory Accuracy The Telephone Company and the Publisher do not assume any liability because of errors or omissions in compiling this CJassified Directory. Errors will be corrected in the subsequent issue if reported in writing to the Telephone Company. Agricultural Implements Foxworth Tractor & Equipment Co-Pamco . 2583 Hemingway Tractor Co Inc-Hemwy ...... 3653 Stuckey-Chandler Farm Supply Inc-Hemwy . 2057 Ambulance Service Morris Funeral Home-Hemwy ... ..... . .. 2501 (See adv. this Dage) Ambulance Service-Colored Rogers & Dimery Funeral Home-Hemwy ... 3794 (See adv. this page) Associations American Legion Hut-Hemwy .. .. ... . .. 2266 Legion Hut-Pamco .. .............. . ... 2645 Masonic Hall-Pamco ... .. . ... .. ...... . . 2313 Attorneys Askins J P Jr-Hemwy .. .. .... . ....... . 3234 AMBULANCE ROGERS &DIMERY Service FUNERAL HOME Day or Night COLORED FUNERAL DIRECTORS 24-Hour Dial 2501 Hemingway, S. C. Ambulance Service L- MORRIS . ' "9 •.. - - ~ ~- .. - --·-- - l '. • Funeral Home Tel. 3794 Hemingway, S. C. North Main Street Tel. 2161 Kingstree, S. C. �2 AUTO CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY HYMAN MOTOR CO" INC. Factory Trained Mechanics Complete Repair Service on Any Make Car Let Us Tune Up Your Car with the SUN MOTOR ANALYZER Wheel Aligning and Balancing Tel. 2394 Hemingway Night Tel. 2732 CASE TRACTORS and IMPLEMENTS Wrecker Service HAS El DEN B ROS. Soles I) Service Repairs on All Makes Bear W reek ·Rebuilding Wheel Aligning Body and Fender and Balancing Work Tel. Office . . . . . . . . 2134 Body Shop . . . . . . . . 2104 Hemingway, S. C. Nights Call ....... 2454 Wrecker Service �"WHERE TO BUY IT" AUTO SNOWDEN'S Auto Rebuilders-Body Rebuilding Axle and frame Straightening Front End Alignment Electric and Acetylene Portable WELDING Tel. 2884 Hemingway Night Tel. 2882 Befor~ Reupholstering Cars and Furniture Tailored Seat Covers Specialized Equipment Trained Mechanics ~{te.r -- ~, -= ~ = \\~ ::::::---_ , ------ Auto Agencies & Dealers-New Cars Fenters Motor Co Inc No 1-Hemwy ...... 2822 Haselden Bros ofc-Hemwy .... .. . . . ..... 2134 Body Shop-Hemwy ..... . . .. . . . . ... ... 2104 (See adv. preceding page) CHEVROLET AUTHORIZED SALES & SERVICE 24 Hour Wrecker Service Automobile Service C EVROLET AUTHORIZED SERVIC Chevrolet Super Service means skillful, efficient, courteous service . . . priced fairly .• . performed by Chevrolet-trained mechanics using Chevrolet parts and modern tools and equipment. "FOR SERVICE CALL" CHEVROLET Out-Values .. . Out-Sells .. . All Others! HYMAN MOTOR CO INC- . .. . 2394 Hemwy Cox Frank Railroad Ave-Hemwy ... . .. . 2332 Cox W C Garage-Hemwy . . . ......... . . 3347 Cox's Body Shop-Jonsnvl . . . . . ....... 7245 "WHERE TO BUY IT" (Classification · continued page 5) HYMAN MOTOR CO INC-Hemwy .. .... ... 2394 Hyman Motor Co lnc-Hemwy ......... . .. 2394 (See adv. preceding page) Plowden Motors lnc-Pamco .. .. . . . . 2081 SOUTH SIDE GARAGE ( See adv. next page) MOTOR TUNE~UP Service Motor Company-Pamco .... . ..... 2051 GENERAL OVER HAU LI NG (See adv. next page) WELDING Automobile Equipment Snowden's Auto & Electric-Hemwy .... 2074 Tel.-3563 Stucky Bros Parts Co-Hemwy .. . ... 2051 • Norman McDaniel • Western Auto Associate Store..;_Hemwy .... 2992 Hemingway GROCERIES e· __· �AUTO 4 CLASSIFIED . TELEPHONE DIRECTORY America's Choice· For Top Value C a rs ll · ••, T r u c ks Ports and Accessories A Complete Repair Se·rvice Motor Rebuilding Front End Work Wheel Balancing '8 Glass Replaced Brake Service Painting SERVICE MOTOR CO. -· 1 .... A-1 Used Cars Pamplico Tel. 2051 ~ ,· · • • 1~ , Night Tel. Pamplico 2703 _ Building Material Farm Supplies PLOWDEN MOTORS. INC. W. P. SPROTT, Manager CA RS TRUCKS Complete Service On All Cars Wheel Aligning and . Balancing Day Tel. 2081 Pamplico Nights Call 2083 Keys Made To Order for Any Car �"WHERE TO BUY IT" AUT-CLE Automobile Service-Continued Haselden Bros-Hemwy .. .. . ... . ... . .... . 2134 Hyman Motor Co lnc-Hemwy . ..... . ..... 2394 Plowden Motors lnc-Pamco , . .... .. ... . .. 2081 Service Motor Co-Pamco . . .. . .. .. .. . .. 2051 South Side Garage-Hemwy . .. ... ... ..... 3563 Snowden's Auto Rebuilders-Hemwy .. . ..... 2884 HEMINGWAY DRY CLEANERS ~ I (See Adv. Page 3) ..... Weaver's Garage-Jonsnvl . . . ... ....... . 7355 Williams Jim Garage-Hemwy . ...... .. ... 3293 ~ Automobile Truck Dealers CHEVROLET ADVANCE-DESIGN TRUCKS Dependable performance! Low cost per mile! Wide choice of models! There's a Chevrolet truck that's just right for •your business. "WHERE TO B-UY IT" HYMAN MOTOR CO INC-Hemwy . .. . 2394 Baby Chicks Creel Feei:I & Seed Co-Hemwy . . . .. .... .. 2154 Dennis Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy .. ..... . . 3164 Banks Anderson State Bank-Hemwy ..... . . . . ... 2744 Johnsonville State Bank-Jonsnvl . . . .. .... . 7251 Pamplico Bank and Trust Co:...,_Pamco . . . . . . 2431 Barber Shops "J" Barber Shop-Hemwy . . . . . . . .. 2481 Lewis Barber Shop-HemWy .......... .. . 3762 Quul/ty C/eq111ny All On One Call CLEANING and LAUNDRY Dial 2774 Hemingway We Pick Up and Deliver Alterations - Repairs Hots Cleaned and Blocked M. B. Lee, Manager Beauty Shops Mary's Beauty Shop-Jonsnvl ...... . .. . . . 7562 Mildred's Beauty Shop Hemwy .. ... . ..... . 2272 Pamplico Beauty Shop-Pamco ... .. .... . .. 2642 Vogue Beauty Shop-Hemwy .... . ... .... 2723 Bus Stations A J Restaurant & Bus Station-Hemwy . . . 2554 Hyman Drug Co-Pamco . .. . .. ... .. . . .. . 2151 Johnsonville Bus Station-Jonsnvl ........ 7351 SPIC & SP AN CLEANERS Cabs-see Taxis Cafes-see Restaurants Candy-Wholesale .... '1 Hyman Drug Co-Pamco . . . . . . . 2151 Cement Block Dealers Brewer Dewey-Hemwy . . 3538 Chinaware Dealers Doug's Jewelers-Hemwy ... . . ........... 3592 Cleaners Hemingway Dry Cleaners-Hemwy ...... . . 2774 ( See adv. This Page) Spic & Span Dry Cleaners-Hemwy .... . . 2972 ~ ; .... :s ~ \v r Quality- Workmanship (See adv. this page) Steele's Cleaners-Pamco .. . . .. . ......... 2251 (See adv. next page) Children who are taught the correct way to use the telephone are a joy to everyone. _telephone manners. Teach good Prompt Service ODORLESS CLEANING With The NU CLEANING SYSTEM Tel.' 2972 " Good Cleaners In A Good Town" Warren H. ·and Henry E. Eaddy, Jr. �6 CLO-DRE CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Clothing Marsha's Dress Shop-Hemwy .. . ....... . 2183 (See adv. this page) Cold Storage Hemingway Refrigeration & Locker CoHemwy ............... .. ............ 2751 Cotton Gins Work Called for and Delivered Tel. 2251 Pamplico 1 STEELE S CLEANERS "We · Strive To Make Your Clothes Attractive" A Modern · Plant •At Your Service Coleman W A Gin-Pamco ........... . . . . 2001 Hemingway Gin Co-Hemwy ........... . 3552 Huggins Gin Co-Jonsnvl ..... . . . . . ...... 7193 Pamplico Gin Co-Pamco . . . . . . . . . 2923 Poston S W Gin-Jonsnvl .......... . . . .. 7411 Department Stores Friendly Dry Goods-Jonsnvl ...... . ... 7243 Pamplico Department Store-Pamco . ... . .. 2141 (See adv. this page) Pamplico Supply Company-Pamco ...... .. . 2111 (See adv. next p age) Presser's Department Store-Jonsnvl ..... . . 7181 Ratcliffe's Department Store-Hemwy ...... 3151 Ruffin's Department Store-Hemwy ....... 2784 Tomlinson Corp-Hemwy .. . .......... . .. 2414 Tomlinson Venter Inc-Jonsnvl .... .. ... . . 7111 Dress Shops Marsha's Dress Shop-Hemwy ........... . 2183 MARSHA'S DRESS SHOP Quality Style Price Is Right PAMPLICO Department Store Store Tel. 2141 Pamplico Select From These Style Leaders Jonathan Logan Dresses Jantzen Sportswear Sacony Suits Doris Dodson Dresses L'A iglon Dresses McKettrick Dresses Donnybrook Coats and Suits Kutz Hats Accessories Dial 2183 Hemingway . . Marsha Burch, Proprietor Home Tel. 2421 Ready-to-Wear for HIM or HER and THE KIDS Visit Us Before·· You Buy �"WHERE TO BUY IT" • Druggists Curtis Drug Co-Hemwy .. . ...... .... . ... 2814 (See adv. this page) Hyman Drug Co-Pamco ... .. . . ... .. .. . . 2151 (See adv. this page) Johnsonville Pharmacy-Jonsnvl . . ........ 7561 Drug Sundry Dealers B G Cut Rate-Hemwy .. . .. ......... . . . 3163 (See adv. this page) Dry Goods Mill End Store-Hemwy .... . ......... . . . 3191 Dry Cleaners-See Cleaners Electric Appliances-Household DRU-ELE PAMPLICO SUPPLY CO. • Complete Line of Groceries • Farm Needs • Hardware • Dry Goods • Work Clothes. DUO-THERM OIL HEATERS PETER'S WEATHER-BIRD SHOES ·For All Your Family FRIGIDAIRE APPLIANCES- - - - - - New Cycla-matic Frigidaires with famous Meter-Miser. Also Frigidaire electric ranges, food freezers, water heaters, automatic washers, dryers, ironers, dehumidifiers, and room air conditioners. ~ Frigidaire "WHERE TO CA.LL" PAMPLICO Sales & Service Dealers HYMAN DRUG CO INC-Pamco . . . . ..... .. 2151 Snowden's Auto & Electric Store-Hemwy . .. 2074 Tel. 2111 Main St. ( Classification continued next page) You'll Enjoy Trading at BC CUT RATE Medicines - Toilet Articles Hy1man Drug Co. Tel. 2151 Pamplico M. R. CUSACK, Manager Drug Sundries Patent Medicines Toil et Ar ticles Featuring "REVLON" Nunnally's Candies Sealtest Ice Cream Babys' Supplies CURTIS Fountain Service Drug Co ·. Cameras - Film THE Greeting Cards fi'M•t;I Films Developed DRUG STORE Tel. 281..4 ._. He.mingway ••. -:. ~ • . ' '• . 7- News St.and Tel.. 3163 Hemingway Billy Gib~on, Proprietor �S EL~FER CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Electric Appliances HouseholdContinued See The Leading Makes of Electric Appliances Frigidaire Amana Freezers Hotpoint Super Flame Oil Burners Philco and L & H Refrigerators Philco and and Frigidaire Ranges Air Conditioners BENDIX Home Laundries Dryers and Ironers H & T Sales Co-Pamco ..... . ..... 2801 Hemingway Furniture Co-Hemwy ......... 2144 Hyman Drug Co-Pamco ......... . ...... 2151 (See adv. this page) Johnsonville Hardware & Appliance CoJonsnvl ....... . .................... . 7231 Jowers Furniture Co-Hemwy .. . .......... 2234 Strickland Furniture Store-Jonsnvl ....... 7161 Farm Implements-See Tractors Foxworth Tractor & Equipment Co-Pamco . 2583 Hemingway Tractor Co ........ . . . .. .. . . . 3653 Stuckey-Chandler Farm Supply Co Inc Hemwy ........... . . . ...... . ........ 2057 Feed Dealers Creel Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy ... . ....... 2154 Dennis Feecl & Seed Co-Hemwy ......... 3164 (See adv. this page) HYMAN Drug Co. Tel. 2151 Pamplico M. R. CUSACK, Manager DENNIS FEED & SEED CO. Pamplico Feed & Seed Co-Pamco ...... . . 2042 S & S Milling Co-Hemwy ... . ........... 2983 (See adv. this p,age) Fertilizer Dealers Coastal Fertilizer Dealers-Hemwy .. . .... 3693 Creel Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy ........ . ... 2154 (See adv. next page) Pampl ico Fertilizer Co-Pamco . 2122 Pee Dee Fert ilize r Sales Co-Hemwy . . .... 3541 (See adv. next page) Spivey Joe t Hemwy ................. . .. 2244 s & sCO. MILLING CUSTOM MILLING Field and Garden SEED Dealers In FLOUR MEAL GRITS and Baby Chicks Farm Supplies Dial 3164 Hemingway Res. Tel. 3173 Full Line of GROCERIES FEEDS Special. Blends for Poultry, Hogs, Cattle Tel. 2983 Hemingway M. D. STONE, Owner �"WHERE TO BUY IT" FIR-FUR 9 Fire Department Fire Department-Hemwy . . ... ..... 2851 Fire Department-Jonsnvl . .. . 7261 Fire Department-Pamco . . . .. .. . ...... .. 2451 Fish-Retail City Fish Market-Hemwy .. .. .. . .... . ... 3524 Florists Eaddy Mrs Rosa L-Hemwy . . ... . . .. . . . .. 2764 Spivey & Williams Florists-Hemwy . . . . .... 2963 Wisteria Flower Shop-Jonsnvl . . . . . ..... 7545 (See adv. this page) Flour Manufacturers S & S Milling Co-Hemwy .. . . ... .. . ..... 2983 Fuel Oil-see Oil Funeral Directors Morris Funeral Home-Hemwy . . 2501 Funeral Homes-Colored Rogers & Dimery Funeral Home-Hemwy .. 3794 CRE E L FEED AND SEED CO. A Fertilizer Formula That Suits Your Land A FEED FOR EVERY NEED Tested Seed Tel. 2154 Hemingway Furniture We Manufacture H & T Sales Co-Pamco . ... .. ...... . . . . . 2801 (See adv. next page) Hemingway Furniture Co-Hemwy . . . . . ... 2144 (See adv. next p,age) (Classification Continued Next Page) In Johnsonville it's WlSTERIA PLOWER SHOP Flowers For Every· Occasion TOBACCO FLU ES K. E. Creel C. G. Eaddy USE MERCO FERTILIZER Dial 7545 Mrs. Davis Hanna STRICKLAND FURNITURE CO. Quality Furniture Mode.rate Prices International Refrigerators Monarch Ranges • Quick Heat Oil Burners Floor Covering Horton Washers Tel. 7161 Johnsonville The Highest Quality Cost Less PEE DEE FERTILIZER SALES CO. Tel. 3541 Hemingway If No Reply Call A. B. .Foster Tel. 2581 H. K. Grier �CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Furniture-Continued HEMINGWAY FURNITURE CO., Inc. HOME FURNISHERS SINCE 1939 "Cash if You Have itCredit if You Need it" YOUR D EALER Telephone 2144 HEMINGWAY, S. C. Huggins Hardware & Furniture Co-Jonsnvl .. 7191 Jowers Furniture Co-Hemwy ............ 2234 (See adv. this page) Strickland Furniture Store-Jonsnvl ..... . . 7161 (See adv. preceding page) Stuckey Bros Furniture Store-Hemwy .... . 2052 Garages-see Auto Repair Gas Service Rural Gas Service-Lake City S C ......... 361 (See adv. next paare) Glass BIRD WM M· GLASS STO'RE FRONTS BIRD WM M & CO 205 E Bay Charleston S C . . . . . . . . . Call Long Distance Also Automobile Safety Glass Government Offices Armory-Hemwy .. . ... ....... .. .. . ..... 3471 Hemingway Fire Department-Hemwy . ..... 2851 Hemingway Town Hall-Hemwy . . ........ . 2531 Johnsonville Fire Dept-Jonsnvl .. . . ...... 7261 Johnsonville Police Department-Jonsnvl ... 7261 Pamplico Town of-Pamco ... .. ... ........ 2451 Police Department-Hemwy . . ... . ........ 2851 U S Post Office-Hemwy . ... . .. 3141 Greenhouses-see Florists Let Us Furnish Your Home H & T SALES COQ JOWERS FURNITURE CO. Complete Line of Home Furnishings and Electric Appliances Tel. 2234 Complete Floor Service Linoleum, Rubber and Asphalt Tile Armstrong Floor Covering Sanding FURNITURE RUGS - CARPETS - STOVES International Refrigerators & Freezers Tappan Ranges Radios and Radio Service Tel. 2801 Pamplico Vinson F. Haines H. L. Turner Hemingway CROSLEY Refrigerators Ranges Radios and Television " The Store with the Rocking Chair Sign" See Us • -Before You · Buy �"WHERE TO BUY IT" Grocers-Retail 11 You'll Like Trading At Andrews Grocery Pam co .. .... ..... .. .... . 2311 (See adv. t his page) Baxley's Grocery-Hemwy .. ... . ......... 2261 Belflowers T D Grocery-Pamco ........... 2965 Bennett's Cash Grocery-Pamco .. .... ... 2045 Corner Grocery-Jonsnvl ... . . . . .. . . . . .. 7232 Daniel Bros-Pamco . .. . ... ............. 2970 Dennis Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy ... . . . .... 3164 Dunnahoe G E-Jonsnvl ....... . .. . . . .. . . 7151 Finklea C C Co Hyman S C-Pamco ........ 2582 Huggins A M Grocery-Hemwy .. . . . . .. .. 3601 Huggins & Coleman-Hemwy .. . . . . . . ·... . . 2844 Lance's Food Store-Pamco . .... . ... . . ... 2131 Lewis Supply Co-Hemwy ... ... .. ... .. . .. 2637 (Classification continued next paae) Your BEST MARKET For ANDREWS ,GROCERY Tel. 2311 Pamplico Cook and Heat with GROCERS ROBERT.' S Market GROCERIES Meats Frozen Foods Ice Cream Vegetables Te.J. 2181 Pamplico Robert Cox, Owner GAS Metered Gas Service QUALITY GROCERIES Frozen Foods Fruit - Vegetables Native and Western See or Ask About Our 0 GA~ A~PL~1tN°C ES RURIJL GAS SERVICE Lake ·city Tel. 361_ MEATS P. D. POSTON Tel. 7292 JOHNSONVILLE Josey's . Fertilizer - Farm·- l_mplements �12 GRO-HOT CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Grocers-Continued for Your HARDWARE and FARM SUPPLIES, See BRO\llN BROS. Supply Co. McAlister C B-Hemwy .. .. . . . . . . . .. . . ... 2624 Myrl's Super Market-Pamco ..... . .... ... 2171 Poston P D Grocery-Jonsnvl .. ... . .. .. .. 7292 (See adv. preceding page) Prosser W G Store-Jonsnvl .. . . .. .. .. ... 7272 Robert's Market-Pamco . .... . .... . . .. . 2181 (See adv. preceding page) Shugville Meat Curing Plant-Pamco ..... . 2967 Stuckey Brothers Grocery-Hemwy .... . .. 2056 Tanner O'Neil Grocery-Hemwy . . . .... . ... 2269 (See Adv. Thia Paire) Tomlinson's Food Store-Hemwy . ....... . 2804 Hardware Dealers-Retail Building Material In tern a tional Refrigerators Tel. 2894 Hemingway Brown Bros Wholesale & Reta·il-Hemwy ... 2894 (See adv. this page) Hemingway Hardware Co-Hemwy . ...... 2644 Huggins F E Hardware Co-Hemwy . . . . . . . 2164 (See adv. this page) See the -Florence Mayo Air Conditioned Huggins Har<lware & Furniture Co-Jonsnvl .. 7191 Tobacco Curers Johnsonville Hardware & Appliance Co Jonsnvl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . ...... . . 7231 (See adv. this page) (See adv. next page) Munn Hardware Co-Pamco . . . . . . . .. 2781 Peoples Hardware The-Pamco . . . ... ..... 2132 Hospitals Johnson Memorial Hospital-Hemwy .. . ... 2424 Nurses' Home .. . .... . . . ..... .. .. . .. .. 2574 Colored Unit-Hemwy . . . . . .. .. .... . . 3264 Hotels Hemingway Hotel & Restaurant-Hemwy .. . 3811 Stop At , HUGGINS '/I~ And O'NEIL TANNER'S GROCERY Quality GROCER! ES Meats - Fruit - Vegetables Ice Cream - Soft Drinks Furniture Co. TEXACO Products lliiii>i Full Line of Hardware and Furniture Te!·M:~~es~~:~~n:oy '8' ~ ~ ~ Norge ~ ~ ~ Tel. F. E. HUGGINS and Philco Hardware Co. Refrigerators Ranges and Appliances Youngstown 7191 . Kitchens Johnsonville ~R~ B. Huggins .·. J. T. Huggins (.. 11 Pittsburgh Paints - Tools Building Material Cole Planters and Distributors 11 Tel. 2164 Hemingway Established 1912 �"WHERE TO BUY IT" ICE-INS 13 Ice Cream Dealers B G Cut Rate Drug Co-Hemwy . .. . ... .. . 3163 Dairy Queen-Hemwy ................... 2721 INSURE Ice Companies Southern Cities Ice Co-Hemwy ~~OU, .... . .. . 2904 ~~ SURE! Insurance Draughon G V Agency-Hemwy . . . .. .... 3222 (See adv. this page) Harmon W B & Co-Hemwy .. .... . ... .. 2667 (See adv. this page) Snowden-Hollings Insurance Agency-Hemwy . 2074 (See adv. this P&Ke) Ca V. DRAUGHON AGENCY See The New General "Dependable Protection" Electric Insurance of All Kinds Tel. 3222 Hemingway Refrigerators - Freezers Ranges - Washers - Television Water Heaters and Appliances . . . . . at JOHNSONVILLE Hardware & Appliance Co. Pittsburgh Paints Perfection and Boss Ranges General Hardware Tel. 7231 Johnsonville D. L. Marsh G. C. Jones Res. Tel. 3227 All Types of Bonds Insure Today - Be Sure Tomorrow e out • 1nsura • Ce 11 Wa B. HARMON &CO. Insurance and INSURANCE At A Saving SNOWDEN - HOLLINGS Insurance Agency Tel. 2074 C. P. Snowden, Jr. Tel. 2071 Real Estate Your Dependable Home Town Agency Since 1945 Farm and Town Property Income Tax Service Tel. 2667 Hemingway If no reply call W. B. Harmon 2662 or Inez B. Wilson 3243 I �14 INS-LIV CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Insulation Contractors-Cold & Heat GIFTS That Keep on Giving Diamonds - Watches Silverware China Crystal FIBERGLAS HOME INSULATIO Ageless Glass Wool Expertly Blown in New or owgNS.CORNING Existing Homes or BuildFIBERGLAS ings for Greater Summer and Winter Comfort. Pays for Itself in Fuel Savings. Will Not Burn, Rot or Settle. "WHERE TO BUY IT" TWIN STATES INSULATION CO 2106 Mt Pleasant Charleston S C . . . . . . . . . Call Long Distance For Estimates Call Collect Iron Dealers Hemingway Scrap Iron & Metal Co-Hemwy 3538 Jewelers Doug's Jewelers-Hemwy ............... 3592 (See adv. this page) Strickland's Jewelers-Hemwy .. ......... 2974 Junk Dealers-see Scrap Dealers Keys Duplicated DOUG'S JEWELERS Gifts Th at Keep On Giving Tel. 3592 Hemingway Douglas W . Eaddy, Owner Plowden Motors Inc-Pamco ............ . 2081 Kitchen Equipment YOUNGSTOWN KITCHEN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ JET-TOWER DISHWASHER FOOD WASTE DISPOSER CABINET SINKS BASE AND WALL CABINETS WHERE TO BUY THEM HUGGINS BROS. Lumber Manufacturers Since 1919 Dealers Jowers Furniture Co-Hemwy ..... .. ... . 2234 Huggins Hardware & Furniture-Jonsnvl . . 7191 Hyman Drug Co-Pamco ............... 2151 Lawyers-see Attorneys Liquor Dealers Johnson Esther D ofc_;Hemwy .......... 3573 Livestock Dealers Fenters B G & Son-Hemwy ... . .. .. . ... 3662 Joye E M Livestock Commission MktHemwy ............................. 3342 Venters E H Company-Jonsnvl ..... . .... . 7281 DISTRIBUTORS OF FINE LUMBER Tel. 3743 Hemingway Day or Evening Call Us For Anything in Lumber Truck Deliveries SLEEP IN COMFORT AT - PINE LODGE MOTEL ½ Mile N. of Hemingway, S. C. Tel. 3802 Private Baths, Air Conditioned Rooms, Innerspring Mattresses �"WHERE TO BUY IT" Lumber Huggins Bros-Hemwy ....... .. ..... .. .. 3743 (See adv. preceding page) Meats-Retail Andrews Grocery-Pamco .. . ... . ........ 2311 Choice Meat Market-Hemwy ... . .. . .... 3684 Poston P D Jonsnvl .... .. .. .. . . .. . .. .. 7292 Robert's Market-Pam co .. . .. . .. . .... ... 2181 LUM-PLU 15 PREMIUM GASOLINE Containing TCP The Most Powerful Gasoline Your Car Can Use Motor Courts Pine Lodge Motel-Hemwy .... . .... . .... 3802 (See adv. preceding page) Newspapers Tri-County Tribune-Hemwy .... .. ..... 2271 Oil Dealers B & C Fuel Co lnc-Pamco . . ... . ........ . 2071 (See · adv. this page) Edwards F E & Son-Hemwy ... . .... . . . .. 2314 Santee Oil Co-Hemwy . .. .... . ........ . 2694 (See adv. this page) Optometrists Ham Samuel E Dr Hemwy . . ...... . .. . ... 3294 Jones J W Dr Pam co ........... 2161 GASOLINE and FUEL OILS B & C FUEL CO. Distributors SH ELL 01 L CO. Products Outboard Motors Chapman's Esso Station-Jonsnvl ..... . .. 7541 (See adv. this p,age) Huggins F E Hardware Co-Hemwy .... . .. 2164 Tel. 2071 Pamplico Paints-Retail Metered Deliveries Huggins F E Hardware Co-Hemwy .. . . .. .. 2164 Pest Control & Fumigating MILLER'S TERMITE CONTROL SERVICE MILLER' S TERMITE CONTROL 224 W Evans For Tops in Heating Florence S C •. . . . . . . . Call Long Distance Use Photographers Brown Bros Studio-Hemwy . . . . . .2892 Physicians Bauer Dr V L Ofc-Hemwy . . . . . . ........ 2424 Bryant Dr W E ofc Hemwy . . ... ........ .. 2424 Pearce James H Dr-Pamco .. ... .... . . . .. 2161 Ulmer J G Dr-Hemwy ..... ..... . ...... 2034 SHELL FUEL OIL and KEROSENE Plumbers Harry's Sales & Service-Hemwy . . . . ... . 3651 Huggins C D & Sons Ofc-Hemwy . ... ... 2614 Huggins C D Sr ofc-res-Hemwy ..... . . . 2619 Johnson Outboard Motors Sales and Service SANTEE Fishing Tackle OIL Tel. 7541 Johnsonville CHAPMAN'S Esso Service Atlas Tires - Dial 2694 Washing - Polishing CO. Metered Deliveries Distributors of Shell Petroleum Products �16 POS-RES CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY "Eat with Annabelle and Joe" A&J RESTAURANT AT THE BUS TERMINAL Fountain Drinks Regular Meals Short Orders Steaks Chicken Seafood Tel. 2554 Hemingway Magazines - Western Union Private Dining Rooms Air Conditioned For Your Convenience Joe Chinnes, Mgr. ACE'S DRIVE-IN Post Office-see Govt. Offices Radio Service Spivey's Radio & Television Service Hemwy .. ... . , . . . . . . . .... .. ... . ... . . 3591 Railroads Seaboard Airline Depot-Jonsnvl . . ...... . . 7131 Seaboard Air Line Railway Co-Hemwy . .. .. 2594 Seaboard Air Line Railway Co-Pamco . .. .. . 2811 Real Estate Dealers .2 , , . Harmon W B & Co-Hemwy ... . \.e .4p. 7. .26cf.l: Refrigerators-Electric Huggins Hardware & Furniture Co-Jonsnvl . 7191 INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER EFRiGERATORS AND FREEZERS See the "femineered" Refrigerators, and I.H. Home Freezers, in sizes and models to fit all families, kitchens, budgets. More features-more value--5-yr. warranty on "Tight-Wad" Refrigeration unit. ~ "WHERE TO BUY THEM" H & T Sales Company-Pamco . . ... . .. .. .. 2801 Strickland Furnitvre Co-Jonsnvl . .. . .... . 7161 Restaurants A & J Restaurant & Bus Station-Hemwy . . 2554 (See adv. this page) • Ace's Drive-In-Pamco . . . . . . . . . 2481 (See adv. this page) (Classification continued next paire) Eat In • CHICKEN Air Conditioned Comfort • STEAKS HEM'INGWAY HOTEL • SANDWICHES • All Kinds Air Conditioned Private Dining Room For Parties and RESTAURANT Regular Meals Steaks - Chops Fountain Service Tel. 2481 Tel. 3811 Hemingway HOTEL Highway 51 Pamplico In Connection Curb Service W. T. Wingate, Manag~r Call For Reservations �RES-SER 17 Restaurants-Continued Butch's Steak House-Hemwy ... .... . . .. 3562 Cottage Lunch & Service Station-Jonsnvl . . 7451 ( See adv. this page) _ Gordon James A Bar-B-Q~Hemwy ... . ..... 3363 H •& M Cafe-Hemwy .. . .... . . . .. . ...... 2703 Hemingway Hotel & Restaurant-Hemwy . . . 3811 . . (SH adT. prece<ling page) Lentz Cafe-Jonsnvl . .. . .... . .......... . 7451 0akie's Baxley Place-Hemwy .... . .. . . .. 2261 (See Adv. This Page) HEMINGWAY SCRAP IRON &_METAL CO. Scrap Iron Metals Batteries Call or Write HEMINGWAY, S. C. Sawmills H & B Lumber Co-Hemwy ..... .. . .... . 2022 Huggins Bros Sawmill-Hemwy ... ... .. . .. 3743 Schools Hemingway High School-Hemwy .. . . . : .. .. 2284 Johnsonville High School-Jonsnvl . .. ... . 7321 Pamplico High School-Pamco . ......... . . 2061 Scrap Dealers •Hemingway Scrap Iron & Metal Co-Hemwy . . 3538 (See adv. this page) Seed Deafors-Retail Tel. 3538 Day or Evening • Res. Tel. 3533 Dewey Brewer Enjoy Pit Cooked BAR-B-Q at OAKlE BAX'LEY'S GROCERY Tel. 2261 Creel Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy .. .. .. ... . 2154 Hemingway Service Stations Gulf Gas and Oil Greasing - Washing • Draught Beer B & M Service Station-Hemwy ...... . .... 2544 (See adv. this p age) Chapman's Service Station-J onsnvl ..... . . 7541 Cottage Lunch & Serv Sta-Jonsnvl . ..... 7451 Davis Service Station-Hemwy ...... . . . ... 2694 - (Classification continued next page) 2 Mi. West of Hemingway for a EADDY BROS. Delicious Meal B & M SERVICE STATION Tastefully Prepared Stop at COTTAGE LUNCH Batteries and Recharging We'll Service Your Car While You Shop ,r Friendly Service --1, HERMAN and EUNICE LENTZ Q Tire Recapping and Vulcanizing Service Station ~ Gulflex LubricationTire Repairs Tires & Batteries Tel. 7451 Johnsonville ROAD SERVICE Open 6 A.M. to 11 P .M. Tel. 2544 Hemingway At The Stop Light SIMMONS ~ Esso Servicenter ATLAS Tires and Batteries ~ Washing - Polishing - Lubricating Dial 2961 Hemingway ROAD SERVICE Let us service your car while you shop �18 SER___:._TJR CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY Service Stations-Continued SPIVEY'S RADIO and Eaddy Bros-Hemwy ................... 2544 (See adv. this page) Foxwo rth· Service Station Hyman S C Pamco 2583 Johnsonville Parts & Garage-Jonsnvl .... . . 7425 Oakie's Baxley Place-Hemwy .. .... . . . ... 3663 Newell's Gulf Service Station-Hemwy .... 3522 (See adv. this page) Rodgers Shell Service-Hemwy ... . ... . . . . 3551 (See adv. this page) Simmons Esso Servicenter-Hemwy .. . . ... 2961 South Side Garage-Hemwy . ........ ... 3563 Tanner O'Niel-HemW'y . .. . ........ . ... . 2269 Shoes-Retail Pamplico Department Store-Pamco ...... . . 2141 Pamplico Supply Co-Pamco .............. 2111 Factory Trained Dependable Repairs on All Makes We Sell The Better Makes Dial 3591 Bl'RD WM M GLASS STORE FRONTS BIRD WM M & CO 205 E Bay Charleston S C .•...... Call Long Distance Estimates Furnishe'.jl Telephone Companies If no answer Dial 3504 T-V Installation and Aerial Construction Henry Spivey Store Fronts Pee Dee Telephone Co ofc-Hemwy . ..... . . 2_011 Johnsonville Information-Jonsnvl ....... 7451 Pamplico Information-Pamco . . ....... . 2251 Television Receivers GENERAL ELECTRIC TELEVISION Big as life - clear as life pictures. Big screen viewing, 12 channels, automatic sound, G-E Dynapower speakers, simplified tuning, constant focus, handrubbed cabinets. Hemingway NEWELL S 1 Gulf Service Station Gulflex Lubrication Washing - Polishing Gulf Tires Tire Repairs Batteries and Recharging Tel. 3522 Hemingway -- Road Service Open 7 Days a Week RODGERS SHELL SERVICE Shellubrica,tion-Washing-Polishing Tires Tel. 3551 Hemingway ....:_ Road Service "WHERE TO BUY THEM'' Dealers • HEMINGWAY FURNITURE CO ............ 2144 Johnsonville Hardware & Appliance Co Jonsnvl ............................. 7231 Television Service Spivey's Radio & Television Service Hemwy ... . .. , .. . .. . ................ 3591 (See adv. this page) Termite Control MILLER'S TERMITE CONTROL SERVICE MILLER'S TERMITE CONTROL 224 W Evans Florence S C •. . . . . . . . . Call Long Distance Theatres Anderson Theatre-Hemwy .. . .. .... .. . ... 3401 Pamplico Theatre-Pamco ........... . .... 2031 Tire Recapping Hemingway Tire Recapping Co 3 Railroad Av-Hemwy ............... 3572 (See adv. next page) T'ires Hemingway Tire Recapping Co 3 Railroad- Av-Hemwy •.... . .. .. ...... 3572 Newell's Gulf Service Station -Hemwy .... 3522 Rodger's Shell Service-Hemwy . .. . ... .. 3551 Simmons Esso Servicenter-Hemwy ...... 2961 (Classification continued ne~t page) �"WHERE TO BUY IT" Tires-Continued U S ROYAL TIRES TIR-TOB DAVIS TIRES Guaranteed up to 24 months QUALITY TIRES QUALITY RECAPS Wizard Batteries QUALITY REPAIRS Guarantee·d up to 30 months. uwHERE TO CALL" Distributor Hemingway Tire Recapping Co 3 Railroad Av-Hemwy , .. .. .. ... . . . . . 3572 Dealers B & M Service Station-H emwy .... . . . ... 2544 Cottage Lunch & Service Station-Jonsnvl ... 7451 Haselden Bros-Hemwy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2134 Western Auto Associate Store-Hemwy . . .. 2992 (See adv. this p,age) EVERYTHING FOR THE CAR WIZARD Refrigerators Ranges and Appliances Tobacco Curers L. W. MOORE, Owner Brown Bros Supply Co-Hemwy .... . . .. . . 2894 Tobacco Dealers-Wholesale Tel. 2992 Big 4 Warehouse-Hemwy ... . ..... . . . ... 3714 Brick Warehouse-Pamco . ... .. . . . .. . .... 2381 (See adv. this page) Hardy & King Whse 1, 2 & 3-Hemwy . . ... 2061 (See adv. next page) Hemingway, S. C. (Classification continued next page) "Price Tells, DO YOUR TIRES Service Sells'' LOOK LIKE THI. It Will Pay You To Sell .Your Tobacco with INDEPENDENT AND BRICK WAREHOUSES Independent Tel. 2261 - Brick Tel. 2381 PAMPLICO, S. C. Otis P. Joyce, A. A. Munn, Henry Holliday, Owners USCAPPING adds thousands of new, safe, non-skid miles to your smooth tires at a fraction of new . tire cost - 24-hour ser• ~ vice-loaners available. ~@ HEMINGWAY TIRE RECAPPING CO. Tel. 3572 Hemingway I 3 Railroad Ave. , 1 1 Vulcanizing RE 8 Used tires for sale too I U.S. Tire Distributor 19 �20 TOB-TOU CLASSIFIED TELEPHONE DIRECTORY It Pays To Sell Your TOBACCO . ID HEMINGWAY at HARDY & KING * * * Warehouse 1, 2 and 3 TEL. 2061 HEMINGWAY, S. C. Tobacco Dealers WholesaleContinued Independent Warehouse-Pamco . . ...... . .. 2261 (See adv. preceding page) Planters Warehouse Inc-Pamco . ... . . . .. . 2371 (See adv. this piage) Tobacco Flues Creel Feed & Seed Co-Hemwy . .. .... . ... 2154 Tourist Cabins Pine Lodge Motel-Hemwy ........ . .. .. . 3802 Sell Your Tobacco at PLANTERS Warehouse, Inc. m PAMPLICO Tel. 2371 Top Market Prices "A · Receiver Off the Hook Is a 'Phone Off the Job" WHEN YOU FORGET and leave a telephone receiver off its hook, it cuts off your line from incoming calls, and anyone calling your number will get a "busy" signal or possibly an out of order report, consequently other people's service is also affected and central office equipment is tied up needlessly. �"WHERE TO BUY IT" TRA-WOM Tractor Dealers Foxworth Tractor & Equipment Co-Pamco . 2583 (See adv. this page) SEE THE NEW Hemingway Tractor Co lnc-Hemwy ...... 3653 ( See adv. this page ) Stuckey-Chancier Farm Supply Inc-Hemwy. 2057 TRACTORS (See adv. this page) Upholsterers . Snowden's-Hemwy ... . , .............. .. 2884 Veneer Manufacturers Marsh Furniture Company-Pamco . . .. . ... 2301 Watch Repairing Doug's Jewelers-Hemwy . . ........ ... . . 3592 Welding . Snowden's Auto Rebuilders-Hemwy . ... .. 2884 Weaver's Garage-Jonsnvl . ......... .. ... 7355 Womens Apparel Marsha's Dress Shop-Hemwy .. . ........ 2183 Information Says: · 11 PLEASE LOOK 11 When this caution goes unheeded, Lots of extra time is needed. • • • Circuits crowded in t_~is way, And Full Line of Implements -· STUCKEY - CHAND~ER Farm Sup,ply Inc. Dial 2057 4 Miles W. of Hemingway Call us for a free demonstration on your farm Often cause undue delay; • • • • Check your number.:_when you do, .. ONE call does lhe work of TWO! ' . Hence, the_ nioral of this rhyme • Is ''use the book and (perhaps the number's in the book) CASE TRACTORS and · Full Line of • Farm Equipment Complete Repair Service Silent Flame Tobacco Curing Tel. 2583 Pamplico FOXWORTH i~tf:r~~g John Deere Tractors and Farm Implements Dependable Machinery Repairs HEMINGWAY TRACTOR CO. INC. Tel. 3653 0. L. Jernigan, Manager 21 �AS EASY AS When Using The "Classified (yellow pages)" Think Alphabetically Auto at "A" Beauty at "B" Clothing at "C" Hardware at "H" Real Estate at "R" · Tires at "T", etc. You'll Soon Learn To Find Business 1 Numbers Quicker In The Yellow Pages �HOW TO USE THE DIAL TELEPHONE 1. Obtain the telephone number of the wanted subscriber from the directory. 2. Lift the receiver. 3. Listen-If the "Dial Tone" is heard, the line is clear and the exchange is ready to accept the dialed digits. This tone is a continuous buzzing tone. If the "All Links Busy ' Tone," a rapid buzz-buzz, is heard, the exchange is busy; replace the receiver on the hook and try again in a few minutes. • 4. Dial the complete number as follows: Place your finger in the hole over the first digit and turn the dial clock-wise until your finger hits the stop. Withdraw your finger and allow r the dial to return to normal. Repeat this .operation for each other digit in order. If your finger slips, or you realize a mistake has been made, stop dialing and replace the . receiver. After a few seconds, remove it and dial the complete nmpber over again. Do not force the dial back to normal after dialing a digit. RINGING AND BUSY SIGNALS After you have finished dialing you should hear in the receiver either the ringing signal (an intermittent buzzing sound) or the busy signal (a rapid buzz-buzz-buzz). If the ringing signal is heard it indicates that the called party is being rung. Allow a reasonable length of time for someone at the call s~ation to answer. If you receive no answer, hang up and call later. _ ., If you hear the busy signal it means thclt' the called pho~e is busy. Hang up and call later .. If you hear neither of these signals witl;lin few . seconds? hang up the receiver for a few moments and then lift it and dial the <;omple'te number _ag~in. If several attempts fail, dial 2011 -(number assigned to the operator) and explain the . cir• cumstances to the operator. i a WHEN THROUGH TALKING · Hang up your receiver so that your line will be disconnected and will be ready to make or receive other calls. If you wish to make several calls in succession hang up your receiver for a few seconds after each call. ... PARTY LINES AND EXTENSION TELEPHONES Efficient party line service depends largely upon consideration and courtesy which each suhscriber gives to ' the other parties of his line. Endeavor to limit your calls to five minutes' duration. When dialing on a party line, or any line with an extension telephone, it is necessary to consider the possibility that someone else may. be using the line. If you hear a conversation when lifting the receiver, the line is being •used, replace the receiver and try later. If you hear "dialing Clicks" when lifting the receiver it means that someone else in the line is dialing a number. The lifting of your receiver has interfered with the dialjng afld you should inform him of it as soon as he has finished. Then hang up your receivi;r and permit him to dial again. . XI£ you are dialing and hear another party lift his receiver before you have heard the ringing signal, inform him that the line is in use and after he has replaced his receiver· replace your own for a few moments, then remove it and dial the number again. If the other party lifts his receiver after you have heard the ringing signal it will not be necessary to redial the number. Merely inform him that the line is in use. DIALING ANOTHER STATION ON A PARTY LINE If the first three digits of the number you wish to call are the same as yours, they are on your line. Calls to stations on your line are made by dialing the regular directory number of the desired station. The Busy Tone will be heard when the called line is reached; this is the signal to replace t~e receiver (after having dialed all the digits of the wanted number) to allow sufficient time for the call~d station to he rung once 01 twice· before _again removing the receiver to converse. ANSWER YOUR TELEPHONE PROMPTLY Courtesy to the calling party requires that you answer your telephone promptly. ' Considerable time will be saved if 'you answer by giving your name or telephone number. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Johnsonville, Hemingway, and Pamplico Telephone Directory, 1953 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1953 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/5b6a22e56cd36a2fe2d48791ddfa138c.pdf 0af5210e619697efb973d20f3b9a71ed PDF Text Text .INDIANTOWN . PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 175 7-195 7 �Ind·ia 11town Presb3,terian Church, 1957 �An Historical Sketch of INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH In WILLIAMSBURG COUNTY, S. C. 1757-1957 �"To excel the past, we must not allow ourselves to lose contact with it. On the contrary, we must feel it under our feet, because we have raised ourselves upon it." -:JOSE ORTEGA y GASSET. �To the descendants of early members Indiantown is the church of their fathers. For some, time and distance may have blurred reality with a mist of sentiment They fondly picture it as it was in grandpa's day and wish that it could be preserved just so. To the visitor, Indiantown appears a well-kept, dignified, rather plain country church, its original meeting-house style still visible through the additions and alterations of later years. Weathered stones in the cemetary date from as early as 1787. To its members, though they are aware of its history, the past is not so very important. For them the church is the center of religious and social life in a thriving, rural community some hundred square miles in area. Situated in the north-east quarter of Williamsburg County, the countryside has the physical character of the South Carolina coastal plain: there are dark, slow-flowing streams, wide cultivated uplands, sandy-loam soils. The church mirrors the substantial prosperity of its members. Years ago a discerning and witty lady, visiting her husband's old home and puzzled by the vague boundaries of the community, concluded that Indiantown is more a state of mind that a precise locality. It is true that similarity in inheritance, shared history and experience, long years of living side by side, had resulted in a consonance of opinions and prejudices, characteristic speech and manner that gave the community a distinctive flavor and atmosphere. Even quarrels-and there have been some notable rows-were a family affair. The strongest tie was the Church. To an unusual degree Indiantown claimed the loyalty of everyone within reach. Original settlers, almost wholely Calvinist, united in worship at one church. The few newcomers, surrounded by strong opinions and time-hallowed practices, merged into the establishment. They were more changed than changing, and the old patterns continued. Recent years have brought powerful new forces to ·bear : Improved roads have ended semi-isolation; radio and television have modified speech habits; industry is beginning to discover the advantages and attractions of our section; Indiantown has gained many new members-the roll has doubled in the past thirty years. Often they have come from other denominations. But there has been surprising continuity; change has been gradual, and while old ways are being modified, tradition is still potent. All unknowingly, reactions to situations and ideas often reflect our heritage. No age can be understood when isolated from its past. Healthy humility grows with awareness of how much we are the creatures of that past, to what extent we build on foundations laid long ago. The two centuries of our existence as a congregation, eventful as they have been, are only a relatively brief segment in our history. For the three lifespans that compass the clearing of the land and the present moment have their roots in the shadowy days of early Scotland. The Covenanters and the followers of The Bruce were ancestors to those who came to Williamsburg. Hardy, toughened by rugged terrain and harsh climate, fiercely jealous of their rights, thrifty and hardworking, kindly, generous and hospitable, intensely loyal to family and clan, above all deeply religious, they gave to their descendants resources of character iii �and virtue that were to sustain them in bitter times. To their inherent love of freedom may be credited the selfless heroism of our soldiers and the fortitude of their families during the Revolution. All the stamina of the race and all the consolation of their faith were needed to endure the bloody horror of those years. Major James and his followers have become vague and legendary figures, but they were very real. They lived where we live and they fought in defence of these very fields and woods and streams. Victory and freedom were bought at terrible cost. All they had gained by years of toil and privation was burned or pillaged. Even their meeting house was destroyed in hatred and vengeance. But courage was given to persevere; and when independehce was won, they rebuilt their church and homes, and, without any sense of destiny or self-importance, founded a way of life which we, their heirs, still cherish. If the virtues of the fathers seem superhuman and we are overawed by their nobility of character, there are records of other happenings in our church's history to reassure us and to suggest that they were in most respects as frail as we: contentious, prone to backslide, stubborn. There were heated quarrels, long struggles between the old Adam and his ordained leaders, doctrinal battles that bring a superior smile to our twentieth-century faces (our greatgrandchildren will probably find our attitudes equally "queer and quaint"). Even with our sense of mingled superiority and humility, we must be conscious that we are part of an unfolding story, that we are not so far removed from the men of two centuries ago, and that we are continuing what they began. IV �I Indiantown has a daughter's portion in the heritage and early history of old Williamsburg Church. The well documented story of the settlement of the township and beginning of public worship at the king's tree has been told so often that only the briefest of summaries is needed here as preface to our sketch. In 1730, sixty years after its founding, the colony of South 'Carolina was still only a narrow fringe of settlement along the coast. As a defensive buffer between this weak but wealthy strip and the potentially dangerous Indian tribes of the north and west, a series of townships was laid out in the back country sixty miles from Charleston. However selfish this plan in conception, its result was that German Protestants in Orangeburg, Swiss in Purrysburg, Welch in Queens borough and Scotch Dissenters in Williamsburg found unaccustomed freedom from religious strife and a chance to better their lot. Before 1730 a few settlers were already living on the lower reaches of Black River in that part of Craven County now known as Williamsburg. In 1722, John Bayley of Bellinaclough, County Tipperary, Kingdom of Ireland, issued letters to Alexander Trench, of Charleston authorizing him to determine and survey tracts of land totaling 48,000 acres inherited from his father, John Bayley, senior. For one hundred pounds the latter had been created Landgrave of the Province of Carolina in 1698. Among sundry parcels scattered over the province Trench gave deeds to several tracts within a few miles of the old Indian Town. In 1724 Anthony White bought five hundred acres on the "North Branch of Black River." By terms of the deed, he was required to settle on his place. In subsequent years he bought other lots until his holdings came to at least thirteen hundred acres. Trench also gave deeds to John Nesmith and Dougal McKethan for nearby lands. The systematic settlement of the county can be dated from 1732,1 when surveying of the township was undertaken. In that year a small band led by Roger Gordon, and including William James, David Wilson, Gavin Witherspoon and Robert Ervin among others, came from northern Ireland and were given homesites along the river near the natural landmark, the King's Tree. They were the beginning of a stream of Scotch-Irish immigration that was to make the future county for many decades predominantly Calvinist. These first comers were kinsmen, and in the ensuing years they were joined by others of their kindred and related clansmen, notably the Witherspoons: John, his children and their families. Many of these were induced to come by patrons, and to aid in settlement, received a bounty of implements and supplies from the colonial government. 1 R. L. Meriwether: The Expansion of South Carolina. Kingsport, Tenn., 1940, p. 79. 1 �AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 2 They were in humble circumstances, victims of the turmoil and savage factionalism of the preceding centuries. Originally from Scotland, their fathers had been located on lands in north Ireland formerly the holdings of evicted Papists. After winning a measure of comfort and security among the marshes and bogs, they learned that the hard gotten holdings were not theirs, and were thenceforth to be occupied only on severe terms. Embittered by such treatment they were easily induced to sail for Carolina, freedom in the wilderness, preferable to virtual serfdom. By 1736, when the Williamsburg Church was founded, there was in the township area a well established, homogeneous colony, self-sustaining, upright, and growing rapidly. A sudden spurt of immigration in 1737 added impetus. The 198,000 acres in the original survey were granted to the settlers on the basis of fifty acres for each member of a household, including servants. Grantees paid no rent for ten years, thereafter an annual quitrent of four shillings per hundred acres. As the sons of firstcomers reached manhood, married and received new grants, and as their numbers were augmented by new immigrants, the choice locations were exhausted, and expansion beyond the bounds of the original township became necessary. Unlike the lands south of Santee River, these territories were not effectively secured to settlers alone. 2 Great tracts were acquired by speculators, many of whom never saw their holdings. The easily drained and fertile lands east of the township proved particularly tempting to both speculators and bonafide settlers. Non-residents took title to many ~housands of acres adjacent to Black Mingo Creek. Grants to speculators of 2,000 acres, 946 acres, 3,249 acres, and 1,800 acres among others are recorded. In consequence, these tracts had to be bought from the grantees at surprising prices. One of 1,500 3 acres brought 2,158 pounds. Of course, by no means all the land was so preempted, and there were numerous smaller grants based on households, fifty acres for each individual, including servants and slaves. Some of those receiving grants in our vicinity before 1755 were: Thomas Burton in 1744, Robert Wilson in 1753, Joseph White in 1754, Patrick Lindsay in 1740, Thomas Scott in 1747, William Scott in 1741, William Gardner in 1742, Alexander McCrea in 1745. 4 By purchase, inheritance, or in other ways, Hugh Ervin, William Cooper, William Thomson, Samuel Cooper, the Reverend John Baxter, acquired homesites about that time. 5 Most of these deeds and grants refer to Black Mingo Creek in bounding and describing the lands conveyed: "lying on-, -near the head-waters of-, -in the great swamp of-, -on a small branch on the north side of Black Mingo" being a few of the terms recorded. The stream's present condition s~arcely suggests its significance to the early life of the community. A sluggish, 2 Ibid p. 80. a George Hunter to John Baxter 1739. 4 0 Office of Secretary of State, Columbia. Office, Mesne Conveyance, Charleston, $. C. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 3 meandering trickle between marshy banks, choked and fouled by debris, logs, brush, it bears little resemblance to the clear-flowing artery it once was. Next to Black River-It is frequently called "the north branch of Black River"-it was the most important stream inside the district. It and its tributaries were a valuable means of transport. There were no roads and, as is related in contemporary accounts, 6 except by boat most hauling was by manpower, on the backs of the settlers. Mills' Statistics ( 1826) 7 states that Black Mingo was formerly navigable 8 to sloops as far upstream as the old Mingo Indian village which stood in the fork of Mingo and Indiantown Swamp. It is from this settlement or camp that our church and community 'derive their name. 8 a With the coming of roads and wheeled vehicles, the stream's value as a waterway diminished, and no efforts were made to keep its channel clear. But for some years it had been a great factor in the community's life and development. And what of the lands drained by this stream? They have withstood two centuries of cultivation, and are probably more productive today than when first cleared. Sandy loams and darker soils, with a sub-stratum of clay, they are kind to a great variety of crops. There are none of the sand barrens found in some other parts of the county, and elsewhere in the low country. The settlers soon learned the land's capabilities and might well have thought the bogs of northern Ireland happily lost. Stands of pine covered the plains, and on the lowlands bordering the streams, cypress, oak, hickory, black gum, ·sweet gum, poplar and ash sheltered a great variety of game. William Bartram's rhapsodies on viewing the similar terrain and flora of lower South Carolina would have been equally justified by our virgin country. 9 Lest these early comers think they had reached another Eden, there were aspects less kind. The howling of wolves terrified the family of John Witherspoon.10 Bears and panthers were numerous. The settlers learned respect for the rattlesnake and cottonmouth. The very lushness of vegetation made clearing the land difficult. To men recently come from the colder climate of northern Ireland our summer heat must have been almost unbearable. In later years malaria and typhoid became common. "It has been said that bilious, remitting and -intermitting fevers have increased with the clearing of its lands, as tending to lead more speedily over them exhalations of marsh mias-mais. Fever and ague are prevalent during the summer and autumn, in the lower country ... in low situations adjacent to swamps and waters. But all the high 6 Witherspoon Family Record. 7 p. 767. 8 See Boddie: History of Williamsburg, Columbia, 1923, p. 62, for further confirmation. sa Numerous fragments of pottery, arrowheads, trade pipes may still be gleaned on the bluff about one mile from the church, and vestiges of the old trail are clearly impressed in the face of the hill. The site is an ideal landing, and it is probable that here the boats docked, bringing goods from Charlestown and carrying out the produce of the farms and looms. · · 9 The Travels of William Bartram, Mark van Doren, Ed. passim. 10 Witherspoon Family Record. �AN HIS'l'ORICAL SKETCH 4 lands may be called healthy." 11 There was an epidemic in 1750, known as The Great Mortality, that killed many; but on the whole the colonists were healthy and many lived to great age. Fortunately, the Indians, most of them migratory,1 2 were not dangerous. In the spring when they came to hunt "they were in great numbers in all places like the Egyptian Locusts but they were not hurtful." 13 The Scots were a sturdy lot and accustomed to labor. The lands responded to loving cultivation. Shelters were built and, as the people prospered, were replaced by more comfortable dwellings. A bounty of six pence a pound on all indigo grown in the colonies assured a comfortable return from ~ts production, and on it was based the early prosperity of the Williamsburgers. It also explains the high prices paid for some parcels of land. 14 By 1755 there were numerous residents near the old Indian town, some who had moved out from the King's Tree, others newcomers from overseas or, possibly, the colonies farther north. Indiantown is some seventeen miles from Kingstree, and there was no arterial stream to make intercourse easy. So it was that among the pious, kirk-loving folk far from Williamsburg Church, local worship began. 15 Probably the first services were held in a home by a visiting minister: Mr. Rae of Williamsburg, Mr. Hunter of Black River, or, a likely candidate, the Reverend John Baxter, who lived near by. If the actual founding of Indiantown is recorded, the record is not known. This is true of most of the early churches. Record keeping was the least worry of the people; they were living history rather than writing it. Dr. Howe, in his History of the Presbyterian Church in South Carolina, 16 gives an account based on a letter written in 1849 by Dr. J. R. Witherspoon of Brookland, Alabama. 16 a Dr. Witherspoon 17 was born near Kingstree in 1774 and was a member of the Williamsburg Church. He was never a member of Indiantown. His letter, on which our history has largely been based, quoted from Dr. Howe, is an old man's recollection of events occurring twenty years before his birth and known to him only by hearsay. Under these circumstances, the wonder is that the traditional history of Indiantown is not further from actual facts. It has been our task, on the occasion of our bi-centennial, to seek out and weigh all available evidence, not to contradict, but, if possible, to verify the commonly accepted statements. 11 John Drayton : A p. 27. View of S. C. as respects her Natural and Civil Concerns, 1802 12 Dr. Chapman J. Milling, in Red Carolinians, Chapel Hill, 1940, p. 203 ff. describes the loose confederation of Siouan tribes or bands that included the Sara or Cheraws, Waccamaws, Winyahs, Peedees and others who have given their names to the streams of eastern Carolina. 13 Witherspoon Family Record. 14 Gregg: History of the Old Cheraws p. 112. 15 Rev. George Howe, D.D., Hist. of Pres. Ch. in S. C., Columbia, 1870, Vol. 1, p. 229. 16 Ibid. p. 413. 16 a Dr. Howe writes J. S. Witherspoon, but this is clearly a typographical error. At other times his name is correctly given by Dr. Howe. 1 1 Wardlaw : Genealogy of the Witherspoon Family. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 5 Speaking of the church at Kingstree, Dr. Howe, says that "Previous to the year 1760 a number of removals had taken place which formed the germs of several new organizations. The first colony from the swarming hive of Williamsburg among whom were Major John James, William Wilson, Robert Wilson and David Wilson, formed the Church of Indiantown." 18 and on the following page we read that "Major John James, and Robert and David Wilson were its principal founders and its first elders. It was founded probably as early as 1760. Other names recollected as belonging to the congregation are those of William Cooper, senior, William Cooper, Jm;ior, Robert McCottry, Robert Dick, John Gordon, James Daniel, Roger McGill, George McCutchen, George Barr, Thomas McCrea, also John James of Lynche's Lake, Robert Witherspoon of Lynches' Creek, and some twelve or fifteen others." All this information was taken from the above noted letter of Dr. J. R. Witherspoon, written almost one hundred years after the event. Several demurrers to this account must be made. They are based on careful checking of contemporary records and are not hastily entered. First to examine the date of organization: There are several oblique contemporary references to indicate that the phrase "founded probably as early as 1760" should be changed to read, "founded in 1757." The Parish Register of Prince Frederick Winyah 19 includes a letter to Right Reverend Thomas Lord Bishop of London, its date May 1, 1756: "My Lord, "We the Vestry-Men and Chh. Wardens of the Parish of Prince Frederic in So Carolina, beg leave to address your Lordship ... " etc. "That this Parish is the largest, and most populous in the Province, yet tho' numerous in inhabitants We of the Church are widely scattered and but few in number; the Parishoners being for the most part of the Communion of the Church of Scotland and Settlers from thence and the North of Ireland; who have two meetings; 20 and large congregations." Dated June 28, 1757, a second letter to the Lord Bishop states that "there are now four Meeting Houses in this Parish and two more talked of being built." Since Indiantown is acknowledged the oldest offspring of Williamsburg, 21 the inference is plain that Indiantown was one of the two churches built during the previous year. The next evidence comes from An Historical Account of the Rise and Progress of the Colonies of South Carolina and Georgia by Alexander Hewat( t), pastor of the First (Scots) Presbyterian Church of Charleston (Vol. 1, p. 412). Anglican Church for Prince Frederick Parish stood on the bluff south of Black River, one mile east of present day Brown's Ferry in Georgetown County. 20 Williamsburg, which by then had a well-built wooden church; and Black River, or Black Mingo, Brick Church, standing in the junction of the Brown's Ferry road and the County Line road one mile southeast of Rhems. 21 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 412. 18 19 The �AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 6 from 1763 until, an ardent loyalist, he returned to England in 1776. This sympathetic review of the first hundred years of Carolina's development was written to inform the British public on the events preceding the Revolution. It was published in two volumes in London in 1779. The following quotation, though long, is so meaty that it is given almost without deletion: 22 "About this same time (Hewat is noting the worsening relations among the rival colonial powers that culminated in the Seven Year War, our French and Indian War) the French took the field against the Emperor; and the flames of war kindling between such powerful pote~tates would, it was thought, inevitably spread, and involve all Europe in the quarrel ... "By this time the Episcopalian form of Divine Worship had gained ground in Carolina, and was more countenanced by the people than any other. . . . Besides the establishment gave its adherents many advantageous privileges in point of power and authority over persons of other denominations. It gave them the best chance for being elected members of the legislature, and of course of being appointed to offices, both civil and military in their respective districts. "However, the imigrants from Scotland and Ireland, most of whom were Presbyterians, still composed a considerable party of the province, and kept up the Presbyterian form of worship in it .... An association 23 had been formed in favor of this mode of religious worship by Messrs. Stobo, Fisher, and Witherspoon three ministers of the Church of Scotland, together with Joseph Stanyarn, and Joseph Blake, men of respectable characters and considerable fortunes. The Presbyterians had already erected churches at Charlestown, Wiltown, and in three of the maritime islands for the use of the people adhering to that form of religious worship. As the inhabitants multiplied several more in different parts of the province afterwards joined them, and built churches, particularly at Jacksonburgh, Indian Town, Port-Royal, and Williamsburg." Hewat speaks of these events as happening before his coming ( 1763) and dating roughly from the time of, or prior to, the Seven Years War (1756-63). Note that Indiantown is prominently mentioned. These excerpts, together with the presence of so many future members living near the church's site give evidence that we can claim 1957 as our bi-centennial. The list of first members as recalled by Dr. Witherspoon must be revised. Family names are probably correct, but there are numerous errors, both of omission and inclusion. There was no William Cooper, Junior. George McCutchen was a child of three; his father, Hugh, is not mentioned. Hugh Ervin must certainly be included, for he was a trustee of the church a few years later. 24 Land titles and other documents make it plausible that the "twelve Vol. II, p. 49 ff. "Although this body was popularly known under several different names, its proper style and title was 'The Presbytery of South Carolina . . . the third in the order of origination in the United States'." Address by Dr. John L. Giradeau, D.D., Oct. 24, 1885. 24 William Thomson's will. See page .. . . .. . 22 23 �INDIANTOWN PRJtSBYTERIAN CHURCH 7 or fifteen others" on the first roll included Thomas and William Scott, William Thomson, Joseph White, Samuel Cooper, John Gregg. That David Wilson, Robert Wilson, and (Major) John James all became elders of Indiantown is certain. Robert Wilson had been an elder in the Williamsburg Church. 25 In 1753 he acquired a grant on the north side of Black Mingo showing Hugh Ervin's land adjoining. If he moved to his new tract within four years he was in residence at the time of the founding of the church. In 1757 David Wilson was only fifteen years old. His gravestone 26 shows that he was born in 1742, and he would have been much, too young to be an elder. His father, also named David and brother to Robert mentioned above had died in 1750, 27 so there can be no confusion of identities or generations. David, Junior, became an elder, but dates forbid his being listed as an elder at the beginning. John James had been brought from Ireland as a baby in 1732 by his father William James, 28 and had grown up on his father's land twelve miles north of Kingstree. He led the free life of the frontier becoming an expert horseman and skilled woodsman. In 1742 William James bought four hundred acres on the headwaters of Black Mingo, part of eighteen hundred acres granted to William Snow in 1737. It is probable that John James on reaching manhood occupied this tract. He later, in 1765, bought another place northeast of the church and made his home there. In several accounts we read that he had been an elder in the Williamsburg Church. Considering his age, only twenty-five in 1757, this is most improbable. There is room for much confusion among the John J ameses of the colonial period. No less than five men bear the name in Williamsburg, at least one in the Welsh N eek, and one at Pine Tree (Camden). 29 A John James, said to have been William James' younger brother, had been an elder in Ireland and was continued as elder by the Williamsburg Church in 1743. 30 A tradition in the James family identifies him further as John James of Ox Swamp. John James of the Lake, also by tradition a cousin of William James and who lived six or seven miles north of Indiantown, was listed among the new church's charter members. So there is a chance of confusion. Tradition is very strong in declaring that John who later became Major James was not only a founding elder, but also one of those who by a loan made possible the erection of the first House of Worship. 31 25 Howe: Vol. 1, p. 284. Indiantown Cemetary. 21 (Witherspoon Family Record). 2s Howe Vol. 1, p. 407. 29 Charles Woodmason: Carolina Back Country on the Eve of the Revolution: Chapel Hill, 1953, note p. 155. 30 Howe: Vol. 1, p. 255. 31 Mr. Kenneth M. James of Darlington, S. C., a direct discendant of Major James and Captain James, gives us this information. Mr. James has presented to the Indiantown Congregation an invaluable document, a record kept by Captain James when he was Trustee for the church, 1793 to 1797. It will be referred to later. 26 �8 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH Our church stands on the approximate site of this original building, that is, within the same Lord's Acre. No description of its appearance survives, but, like much of the construction of the times, it was probably of logs. No old brick or rubble remain to support a suggestion that it was a brick building. 3 2 No deed or bequest of this plot has been found. 33 The site is part of a tract of three hundred acres originally granted to Thomas Burton (also spelled Burtin) in 1744. Two years later it was sold to Joseph White. 3 5 In 1754 Joseph White was granted five hundred acres surrounding his first acquisition on three sides, north, east and south. The eastern part of this grant was in tpe hands of Joseph White's son George until 1818 when it was sold to John Gordon. 36 He, in turn, sold it to his son, John, Jr. In 1823 the latter exchanged this 323 acre tract for 163 acres owned by the Indiantown congregation on the eastern side of Indiantown Swamp. The Church held this part of the original Joseph White grant until the 80's when it was sold in several different transactions. The land surrounding the Church was also in George White's hands as late as 1818. A plat made for Robert McCottry in that year so indicates. 37 Joseph White made his will in 1764 (proved 1768) identifying himself as a planter of Indiantown. His wife Martha is mentioned, also his daughters Martha and Mary-Mary married Robert McCottry-his sons George, a minor, and John. Witnesses to the will were Robert Wilson, William Hamilton, James Case (his X mark) . The executors were his wife Martha and his friend Philip Owens. A word here about colonial deeds, transfers of title and records in general for our section. Often a transaction was never recorded, the actual deed or indenture in several signed copies being kept and passed on to future purchasers or heirs. The long trip to Charleston required to record explains such lapses. As for marriages, only those performed by Anglican clergy were entered in parish registers or considered worthy of official record. 38 Only in 3 2 It is easy to confuse the traditions of Indiantown with those of Black Mingo Presbyterian Church. The latter was brick. 33 Mr. Boddie, History of Williamsburg County, states that William Thompson in 1753 left four acres of land and one hundred pounds toward the building of Indiantown. However, this is another case of confusion of Black Mingo with Indiantown. William Thompson, Junior, made his will in 1742, not 1753. He identifies himself as a resident of Winyah, his land lying on the south side of the North Branch of Black River. His executors are "obliged to make a good and sufficient title to four acres of land being part of this tract of land wherein I now dwell to the use of building a Presbyterian Meeting house on and for the assistance of the building the said house my Executors is to pay one hundred pounds . . . in twelve months after my decease." The land as described is obviously in the vicinity of Black Mingo Church. Further to help clarify the matter, Dr. Howe dates the first records of that church from 1744, 3 4 indicating that Mr. Thompson's bequest had been used. It would also seem that Mr. Baddie's statement that the building was erected by the Baptists and later taken over by the Presbyterians is questionable. 34 Howe: Vol. 1, p. 255. 35 This Joseph White is not to be confused with an Anglican of the same name, a parishoner of Prince Frederick. The names of their respective wives and children are different (Prince Frederick's Parish Register) . 3 6 Office, Clerk of Court Williamsburg County._ 37 Plat Book 1, p. 80, C. o. C. Office Williamsburg. 38 Woodmason p. 15, et seq. �INDIANTOWN PRESBY'tERIAN CHURCB: 9 family bibles and a few wills do we find confirmation of much that is reasonably certain but without absolute proof. Further, "The fires that consume wherever they may took their accustomed toll of such material, and where moth and rust did not corrupt, a careless custody of priceless treasures made possible the destruction or loss of all that once existed." 39 Tombstones, often a rich source of information, are lacking for the colonial period. Transport, or rather lack thereof, dictated the use of family burying grounds." The graveyard was near the house, usually behind the garden. As a precaution against wolves a large hole was dug to the depth of about five feet; a graye was then dug at the bottom of this hole large enough to hold the coffin. After the coffin was deposited in this receptacle it was covered with boards then the whole filled up. 40 Most often the grave site was marked only by a post or board. As long as families remained at their original homes occupants of individual graves could be recalled. But the tumult and confusion of later years broke the chain of information. Our earliest dated stone is that of Mrs. Elizabeth McGill ( d. 1787) wife of Roger McGill. 41 The problem is compounded by a complete absence of civil records for our section from about 1780 until 1805. Following the chaos of the Revolution the present Williamsburg County was part of the newly created Georgetown District, and all legal records were kept at Georgetown, seat of the district court. These were sent up-state for safekeeping when it was thought that Sherman's force would follow the coast from Savannah to Charleston and northward in 1865. Instead his route lay through Columbia, with a brief fiery stopover. All Georgetown's records were lost in the turmoil and destruction of his further progress, probably in the vicinity of Chesterfield. So, for the years when the patriarchs were leaving wills and their sons and daughters marrying, there are only indirect hints and clues. By looking backward from the years after 1805 when Williamsburg County's records begin, we can occasionally discover transactions of the silent years. The church was built one and one half miles from the head of navigation on Black Mingo Creek. It might have been closer, had not the intervening lands been owned by a staunch member of Prince Frederick. 42 The attitude of the Establishment toward Dissenters was not cooperative. The converse is also true. In later years, after the withdrawal of state subsidy and the decay of Prince Frederick parish, family names once found in its register appear on Indiantown's roll. These include the Gibsons, Burrows and Brittons. Dissenters were doubly handicapped. Churches of the Establishment were built at government expense, the clergy paid by the state ; and practically all elective offices were open only to members of the Church of England. Taxed to aid in the upkeep of the state church and unrecognized as legal bodies, the Hirsch: The Huguenots of Colonial S. C. Durham, N. C. 1928, p. 47. Reminiscences of St. Stephen's Parish. 41 Indiantown Cemetery. 42 Nathaniel Snow, whose land bounded Joseph White's 1754 grant on the East. Listed in Prince Frederick's Register. 39 40 Samuel DuBose: �10 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH Presbyterian congregations were forced to raise their own buildings, pay their pastors, and transact their business through trustees. Speaking of the ministers sent out at the request of the colonists from the Church of Scotland, Hewat notes that "the colonists contributed to maintain them, til at length funds were established by private legacies and donations to be appropriated for the support of Presbyterian ministers, and encouragement of that mode of religious worship and government." 43 The first such legacy to Indiantown of which we have record was made in 1763.44 William Thomson (not William Thompson, Junior) after leaving his lands, numerous slaves, neat cattle, stock of horses and mares, 'sheep, hogs, and household furniture in specific division to his brother Alexander Thomson's children, his late brother John's children (still in Ireland but expected to come to Carolina), his sister Jane Cooper and her sons Robert and William McCottry ( McCaughtry), further devises : Item I leave and bequeath the sum of One Hundred and Fifty pounds Currency to John James and Hugh Ervin Trustees for the desenting Presbyterian meeting House lately built upon the High Road to Indiantown and to the Succeeding Trustees of said meeting for ever, that is to say, in Trust only and for the sole use and benefit of the Disenting Presbyterian Minister Professing to Doctrine and discipline and Worship of the Church of Scotland as by law there Established who shall duly perform religious service in said meeting House from time to time and to his successors forever, that is to say the yearly profit or Interest of said sum of One hundred and fifty pounds Currency, the Original sum I order to be let out upon Bond with good security for the Sole purpose above mentioned." 45 How the money was invested is not known. It was common practice to buy slaves and rent out their services by the year. 46 Mr. Boddie states that the first pastor of Indiantown was John Knox. 47 The Historical Foundation at Montreat has no record of such a minister at that time, nor does any other Presbyterian historian mention him. The first minister of definite record was Wiltiam Knox in 1768,48 but at that time he had just arrived in Carolina and had not been here in 1757.49 John Knox does not appear in Mr. Baddie's index, which is quite full and complete. Is it possible that John Knox is a typographical error? Could John Baxter be meant? He was certainly available. A notable personage in early Presbyterianism in South Carolina, he is first mentioned living at Cainhoy. 50 His Vol. II, p. 52. Mesne Conveyance Charleston. John Gregg and William Cooper were named executors. Witnesses were John Ingram, John Baxter and his wife Sarah Baxter, said to have been Sarah Lynch. 46 Howe, Vol. 1, pp. 203, 256, 257, 280, 312, 327. 4 7 Boddie: History of Williamsburg, Cola. 1923, p. 50. 48 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 413. 4 9 Rev. Archibald Simpson's diaries, quoted in Howe, Vol. 1, p. 323. 5o Howe, Vol. 1, p. 204. 43 44 Offic~, 45 �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH fi f I. l; 11 list of preaching engagements, as referred to by Howe and unfortunately lost in the burning of Columbia, shows that he visited most of the existing congregations and had no lasting ties with any. He frequently preached at Black River and Williamsburg, and received a grant of three hundred acres in the township as early as 1736. By grant and purchase he acquired vast holdings, his lands in Williamsburg County alone totaling almost four thousand acres. The place which became his home was bought in 1739 from George Hunter, who had bought it from James Kinlock, the original grantee. S,ome time after 1739 The Reverend John Baxter was in residence on his plantation west of the present village of N esmith. 51 It lay on Black Mingo, only four miles from Indiantown, easily reached by water. We cannot say that John Baxter was our first minister; but there is little doubt that he preached at Indiantown. He is mentioned by the Reverend Archibald Simpson 52 as attending sessions of Presbytery until 1770. In that year his absence is noted with the comment that he is no longer active or regarded as a member of Presbytery. It is suggestive that by 1768, when Mr. Knox served briefly at Indiantown, John Baxter 53 might have been quite elderly, infirm and no longer available. The information about Mr. Knox comes from the Stiles Manuscript collection quoted in Howe's History, 54 specifically from a letter written by Elam Potter, a young minister who for a time preached at old Brick Church, Salem. Indiantown is recorded as having fifty families and being supplied by Mr. (K) nox. He shortly thereafter began a ministry at Black River that continued until well after 1800. He also preached near present day Johnsonville at Knox's Chapel. 55 The years from 1750 till the Revolution saw rapid development of the community. By act of the Assembly in 1747 5 6 commissioners to establish ferries and maintain road were authorized. An important highway, from Georgetown to the Cheraws, by way of a ferry on Black Mingo near the site of future Willtown and thence to Witherspoon's Ferry on Lynches River, 57 passed within a few miles of Indiantown Church. ,Several members, including John Gregg (1761), Robert McCawtry (sic.) in 1775, William Wilson and William McCawtry in 1777, served as commissioners. Probably, as is the way of commissioners, they saw to it that the home community was not neglected. Travel was still mainly on foot or horseback. There were few if any carts or wagons. In the wealthy area below Santee the only four-wheeled vehicle was a cumbersome sort of baggage-wagon belonging to Francis Marion. 58 Since Indiantown was somewhat less prosperous it is unlikely that transport 51 Mouzon's Map, 1774. The Reverend Archibald Simpson's ms. diaries, Charleston Library Society. 53 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 385. 54 Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 363. 55 Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 410. 5 6 Gregg: History of the Old Cheraws. 57 Mozon's Map of S. C. 1774. 58 Samuel DuBose: Reminiscences of St. Stephen's Parish, Craven County, 1858. 52 �12 AN Hrs'I'ORICAL SK:E'I'ctt was more advanced. There were horses, 59 and there was horse racing. Most hauling was done on sledges and for only short distances. Watercourses were still utilized where possible. In 1757 there were two militia companies in the present county. 60 The militia census of that year estimates the population at six hundred whites and a like number of slaves and free blacks. Indigo culture, stimulated by the supporting bounty, led to the early introduction of black laborers. Inured to tropical heat and resistant to malarial fever, they greatly accelerated settlement and growth. It is doubtful that much effort was made to instruct these savages in Christian theology. Language difficulties and primitive concepts were effective barriers in those early years. However, they were sometimes given spiritual instruction. The Reverend Simpson 61 records a poignant incident indicating that preaching to the Negroes was attempted, but only infrequently effective. Education was cherished. Woodmason's charges of smug illiteracy in the back country 62 are not sustained by the evidence available for Williamsburg (hereafter understood as referring to the present county not the original township). Many wills give strict orders to executors for the education of minor children, girls as well as boys. John Gregg in 1775 charged: "It is my will and desire that my Sons Robert and William and Daughter Jannet be learned to Read Right and Cypher through the Common Rules of Arithmetick by my Executors and all the Expence of said Education to be Paid out of remaining Part of my Estate." With allowances for the free spelling of the period, this would indicate concern for at least the fundamentals. Furthermore, Presbyterians insisted on having educated ministers. "Sensible that not only natural endowments, but also a competent measure of learning and acquired knowledge were necessary to qualify men for the sacred function, and enable them to discharge the duties of it with honor and success, they associated on purpose to prevent deluded mechanics and illiterate novices from creeping into the pulpit. 63 This educated ministry had great influence in the congregations. The minister was often schoolmaster, also. It is rare to find a signature by mark. And in some cases these "marks" are personal seals added to penned signatures. William Thomson's will bears such a seal. Income from indigo was supplemented by herds of "neat cattle," hogs and sheep. Some fine quality flour was shipped to Charleston; and, at first, linen was woven from locally grown flax. But it was by indigo culture that 59 John James bought an Arabian Stallion, one of several imported by Wade Hampton of Revolutionary fame. Major James's war-horse Thunder came from a cross of the Arabian with a captured wild mare. There were herds of wild horses in the area, descended from horses used in the numerous attempts by Spain to colonize Carolina in the sixteenth century. 60 Meriwether : The Expansion of South Carolina, p. 83. 61 Archibald Simpson Diaries. 6 2 W oodmason : Carolina Backcountry, p. 52, passim. 63 Hewat, Vol. II, p. 52. �. INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 13 Williamsburg became the most prosperous and successful of all the settlements above tide water. 64 Indiantowners enjoyed a much better chance of selecting representatives to the colonial assembly than did those living further up state. To vote it was necessary to go in person to the Established Church in the parish where one lived. Since all these churches were near the coast, dwellers in the sand hills and piedmont were disfranchized, quite effectively. Prince Frederick Winyah being relatively near at hand, Williamsburgers were able to make themselves heard, and their influence felt. John James was an assemblyman. 65 Many offices and prerogatives were denied dissenters by the Church Act of 1705. But the people of Indiantown were not oppressed, and had attained a state far above any their fathers had dared dream of. Of the church itself little is heard. There was a severe shortage of ministers. The long trip out, the uncertainty of a decent living and, above all, the hardships of a minister's life on the frontier at that time demanded a martyr's dedication. Mortality among those who came was frightful. 66 Long journeys between churches in all kinds of weather, exposure and, at times, hunger made survival for more than a few years a rarity. 67 The sour and not unprejudiced comment of Charles W oodmason gives some hints of conditions just before the Revolution: "In the Country are eight Presbyterian Meetings, supply' d with Ministers from Scotland, who form a Presbytery and govern their Members after the Plan of the Scotch Kirk Most of these Congregations are in decay tho' strongly supported from Home ... Ibid: p. 74. "The False Zeal of the Presbyterians, who by forcing their people indiscriminately to the Holy Ordinance, have made more Deserters than Volunteers to the Cause of Religion." Ibid. p. 75. There was rapid growth in population. It has been noted that Indiantown had fifty families in 1768. This change from the early roster in only about ten years is indicative. Grants in the sixties and seventies show that the second generation were establishing homes. William Wilson in 1765 (for one hundred acres), and his younger brothers Robert (b. 1737) and David (b. 1742), sons of David ( d. 1750), in 1768 and 1772 received small acreages, based on small households. Others grants of similar size are common. There were also expansion and migration to other areas. John Gregg's family became the nucleus of Hopewell Church. Aimwell's first members were sons of Hugh Ervin, John Ervin, Gavin Witherspoon and John Witherspoon. 68 It would be untrue to state that Indiantown is the sole parent to these noble and ancient churches, but we claim a major share in their creation. 69 64 Meriwether : p. 86-87. 6 5 William Debien James: 66 Howe, Vol. 1, passim. Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion, Charleston, 1821, p. 42. 67 W oodmason : p. 85. 68 69 Jones, Mills: Presbyterian Church in S. C. since 1850, Columbia, 1926, p. 885. Howe, Vol. I, p. 413. �II The moderate prosperity and freedom from oppression enjoyed by Williamsburg makes it understandable that there should have been little enthusiasm for the Revolution in its early years. The practical Scots regarded the crown and royal appointees as preferable to the colonial assembly and its creatures, almost exclusively Anglican planters and merchants from the tidewater areas. Some units of militia were called to Charleston and took part itl the repulse of Sir Peter Parker's fleet in June 1776. John James was in command of the Williamsburgers. He had resigned his royal captaincy in 1775 but had been reinstated by his men? There is no further word of him until 1779. In that year the British captured Savannah and were advancing on Charleston. Opposing them were the raw and urtdisciplined militia under General William Moultrie in General Lincoln's command. Captain James fought gallantly at Tulifinny Bridge in covering Moultrie's panicky retreat. The defending force withdrew into the city of Charleston and were thoroughly bottled up by General Prevost. However, nearness of the fever-season and the approach of General Lincoln's rescuing army dictated a withdrawal; the British retired to Savannah by way of the sea islands; and Charleston was given a brief respite. 2 The interval was used to strengthen the defences of the town and to raise additional militia. For this purpose John James was sent to the Williamsburg area. The following year Sir Henry Clinton with a powerful fleet and an army of 12,0CX}-one of the largest forces massed at any time during the Revolution 3-laid siege. Convinced that Charleston must be defended to the end and heedless of the rest of the state, General Lincoln delayed extricating his considerable defending army until too late. 4 With the fall of the town in May, 1780, the only effective fighting forces in the state were captured. South Carolina lay at the mercy of the conquerors; Apparently generous terms were offered and widely accepted. The militia were paroled to their homes. Civilians were invited to renew their loyalty. Within a few weeks a proclamation superseded the original conditions. It demanded that those declaring ~llegiance actively help in the restoration of royal government. The gist of this order was that those on parole and those taking an oath of loyalty were to assist in apprehending neighbors and relations still disaffected and unsubmissive. 5 1 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 409. Wallace: History of South Carolina, New York, 1934, Vol. 11, p. 192. 3 Ibid, Vol. 11, p. 198. 4 Ibid, Vol. 11, p. 196. 5 Ibid, Vol. 11, p. 206. 2 14 �INDIANTOWN : PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH A large part of South Carolina had happily accepted the return · of stability, and the British command complacently believed the campaign ended. But to the Williamsburgers and people of like mind, such acts of betrayal as were implied in the most recent proclamation were unthinkable. Major James had not been in Charleston and, so, had avoided capture and parole. 6 Citizens of the district met in a called meeting, "to deliberate upon the critical situation, and Major John James, who had heretofore commanded them in the field, and represented them in legislature, was selected as the person who should go down to Capt. Ardesoif, and know from him, whether, by his proclamation, he meant that they should take up arms against their countrymen. He proceeded to Georgetown, in the plain garb of a country planter, a,nd was introduced to the captain, at his lodgings, a considerable distance from his ship. An altercation of the following nature took place. After the major had narrated the nature of his mission, the captain, surprised that such an embassy should be sent to him, answered, 'the submission must be unconditional'. To an inquiry, whether the inhabitants would not pe allowed to stay at home, upon their plantations, in peace and quiet? he replied, 'although you have rebelled against his majesty, he offers you a free pardon, of which you are undeserving, for you ought all to be hanged ; but as he ,offers you a free pardon, you must take up arms in support of his cause.' To Major James' suggesting that the people he came to represent would not .submit on such terms,. the captain irritated at his republican language, particularly, it is supposed, at the word represent, replied, 'you damned rebel, if you speak in such language. I will immediately order you to be hanged up to the yard-arm.'~The captain wore a sword, and Major James none, but perceiving what turn the matters were likely to take, and not brooking such harsh language, he suddenly .seized the chair on which he was seated, brandished it in the face of the captain, and making his retreat good through the back door of the house, mounted his horse, and made his escape into the country. This circumstance, apparently trivial, certainly hastened the rise of Marion's brigade'," 7 The news brought by Major James, plus the fact that two disreputable characters had been put in charge of the district by the triumphant British, confirmed the people in their course. Major James was asked to lead the resistance, and two hundred men were divided into four companies under Captains William McCottry, John McCauley, Henry Mouzon, and John James of the Lake, a cousin of the Major. Two companies from the Hopewell and Aimwell communities joined their kinsmen. 8 The first concern of the new force was to 6 Wallace: History of Williamsburg Church, (1856) p. ·39. · account and much of the other information . we have about the Revolution in Williamsburg comes from William Dobein James, son of Major James. In 1780 as a youth of sixteen he was taken out of school to accompany his father in Marion's brigade. A Sketch of the Life of Brig. Gen. Francis Marion written in 1821 by Judge W. D. ] ames is the fruit of his years as a teen-age soldier with the 'great partisan. His first hand account is an invaluable part of our history, and his name should be honored by the community where he was born and reared. (Page references are from a new edition printed in Marietta, Ga., 1948.) 8 Maj or James is said to have stammered. His usefulness . in the field was impaired, and he declined to take full command. His refusal led to the appointment of Marion. 7 This 0 �AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 16 guard against the numerous Tory marauders and outlaws from beyond Lynche's Creek. Shortly on news of the uprising of the Williamsburgers, Col. Banistre Tarleton was sent to scatter the new force. McCottry went to meet him at Kingstree, but, forewarned, Col. Tarleton decamped thinking McCottry's strength greater than it was. It was on this sortie that Tarleton burned the home of Thomas Sumter, near Nelson's Ferry on Santee 9 thus spurring the future Gamecock to take up arms. Sumter is usually said to have been the first to rouse the back country. But our people were already in arms as a fighting force before Sumter was persuaded. It is beyond the scope of this brief account to follow the military fortunes of the patriots except as our community was directly affected. It was early recognized by the British that the core of the new rebellion was the belatedly roused Scots, even more specifically the Presbyterians. Hearing that General Gates's Continentals were advancing southward, the Williamsburgers sent a messenger requesting that a competent leader be sent to take command. The answer was historically momentous : Marion. Until then a Lieutenant Colonel in the Continental regulars, he arrived a Brigadier General of militia, commissioned by Governor Rutledge,10 and · ordered to lead the troops east of Santee. He quickly went into action against the Tories along the Peedee, then swung to secure the line along Santee. Late in August word came of the approach of a large force of regulars and Tories under Major James Wemyss. Stung by Marion's hit and run forays and in revenge for the renewal of rebellion, Lord Cornwallis had dispatched this ruthless destroyer to lay waste the land. Marion's force was much reduced and a reconnaissance having shown the hopelessness of resistance, he led his few loyal men to North Carolina, leaving only a small group of scouts to watch W emyss. The latter's line of march, stretching from near Salem the length of the country between Lynche's River and the Black, seventy miles long and as much as fifteen wide, was blackened and made desolate. "On .m ost of the plantations every house was burned to the ground, the negroes were carried off, the inhabitants plundered, the stock, especially sheep, wantonly killed ; and all provisions, which could be come at, destroyed." 11 There were hangings, "wantonness and cruelty," such viciousness that the militia quickly reassembled bent on vengeance. It was on this sweep that W emyss burned Indiantown Church, because "it was a sedition shop." Major John James 1s home was burned after inhuman treatment of his wife and children. His son, Captain John James had been captured at Charleston and was at home on parole. W emyss tried to induce the Negro servants to testify that he had broken his parole, thus giving excuse to hang him. No such evidence was secured, and he was released. 12 Marion and his men bore incredible hardships. Food was mainly potatoes, occasionally supplemented with corn meal or, rarely, meat. Often salt was not Wallace: South Carolina, Footnote, p. 204. Wallace: South Carolina, p. 216. 11 James : Life of Marion p. 57. 12 Ibid : p. 78 f. 9 10 �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 17 to be had. Marion went to great lengths to get occasional supplies, and when some salt was procured, he saw to it that a part was given to the loyal families. His military effectiveness was limited by shortages of powder and bullets. On one other occasion, his problem became, desperate, he planned to leave the Peedee and seek safety in North Carolina. Timely arrival of arms and reinforcements, sent by General Greene then approaching the state, supplied his lack and gave new courage to his men. The subsequent campaign against British strongpoints along the Santee did much to break the enemy's hold on the province. Bitter as were the privation and suffering of the militiamen, their trials were no more grievous than those borne by the families at home. "Few of us are able to appreciate the sacrifices endured, and the heroic resolution exhibited by our mothers of the Revolution ... .the anguish of mind constantly endured for the fate of husbands and sons, exposed not merely to the dangers of the tented field, but to all the horrors of a civil war, in which life was every moment in peril from every quarter ... those heartrending troubles which afflicted the lonely and isolated mothers with their tender offspring to support, not secure that even the meal in actual preparation would appease their craving appetites, for even this was often the prey of the robber soldiers .... . . . Information from the camp was seldom received, and was always uncertain." 13 The years 1780 to 1783 were the darkest for the people of Williamsburg. Heroic deeds on the battle field are remembered and cherished. Let us also recall those who in harrowing anxiety and destitution endured and stood fast. A complete roll of Marion's Men is impossible to assemble. The fluid composition of the militia was such that formal rolls have not been preserved. At times, Marion's force was reduced to a cadre of a few score. A period of incredibly mobile warfare would be followed by weeks of preparation and waiting. Those, who only yesterday engaged in the ambush of a baggage train or the scattering of a marauding band of Tory outlaws, have to-day resumed their lives as farmers or weavers or smiths. But they are alert to return to arms at Marion's command. There were no Tories among us. There is no record or tradition of internecine divisions such as afflicted other sections with bloodshed. The practical Williamsburgers may have been slow to rise in wrath, but once their sense of justice had been outraged and their homes threatened, they rebelled to a man. It would be ingratitude, however, not to name those of Indiantown most distinguished for valor and achievement. First and preeminent was the noble John James. He served until victory was assured. Then his grateful friends elected him to the Assembly of 1782.14 Also sitting as a representative at this Jacksonborough Assembly was Captain William McCottry. McCottry's Rifles were legendary for their deadly accuracy. Severely wounded and broken in 1 3 Samuel DuBose: 14 Reminiscences of St. Stephen's Parish. Snowden : History of South Carolina p. 433. �AN Hrs'toRICAL .·SKE'tCH 18 health from exposure and privation, McCohry lived only a few years after peace returned. His grave is unmarked and forgotten. The James brothers of the Lake, cousins of the Major, were Marion's trusted scouts. Their ·names: J~mes:, John, William, Robert and Gavin. Captain John James, son of Major John, spent most of the perilous years as parolee. Following exchange he fought gallantly at Eutaw Springs and in subsequent engagemerits; 1 ~ :Like his fat~er he was for many years a ruling elder of Indiantown; Though no formal rolls for Marion's Men have survived, post-revo,lutionary claims for services in the militia (now in archives of the Historical Commission of South Carolina) indicate that the following served with Marion. It is not a complete list, for many entered no claim. As abstracted by Mr. Boddie the roll inclu~es Captain John Graham, Captain Robert Paisley, Lieutenant William Wilson, Sergeant Gavin James, John Daniel, James Ervin, Richard Hanna, James McCutchen, John McCtillough, Samuel McGill, Thomas McCrea, Roger McGill, Thomas Scott, William Scott, William Thompson, John White, David Wilson. It is probable that ~JI of these were from Indiantown. In summary it can be said that' if Marion's role in the Revolution was important-and none will deny it-his success was won with a fighting force composed almost wholely of the Scotch Presbyterians of our section. "Five of Marion's captains were elders of Hopewell Presbyterian Church. There were John and Hugh Ervin and Gavin and Robert Witherspoon. Nearly all the remaining officers with Marion were officers of the Presbyterian Churches of Williamsburg Township [District]." 16 a 15 James : Marion p. 79. Presbyterian Leaders, by H. A .. White, N. Y. 1911. 16 Southern �III Following the disasters of 1780 all public worship came to an end. The church had been burned ; the men of the congregation were with Marion; mere survival was the preoccupation of the families at home ; there was no minister; and public assembly was an invitation for attack. Any delay in rebuilding the meeting-house and resuming public worship is remarkable only in that it was not prolonged. Fire and destruction had left the people in pitiable state. The prosperity created by the subsidized indigo trade was dead. The only resources left to the wretched victims were those of mind, body, and heart: sturdiness, courage, industry, and, above all, faith in the Providence that had brought them through the horrors of revolution. Many years later, Mr. George Barr recalled that following the war the congregation worshiped in a nearby field. Another tradition is of a brush arbor. 1 The latter may have been the first shelter after open air services. By 1783 Indiantown had as pastor the Reverend Thomas Hill, said to have been "one of the missionaries sent out by Lady Huntingdon to Georgia." The presence of a minister employed full time suggests that the church had been successfully revived and a building erected. The pre-revolutionary Presbytery of S. C. had succumbed during .t he turbulent years. In May 1784, the new Presbytery of S. C. was separated from Orange Presbytery and the Reverend Thomas Hill was one of the ministers set apart to compose the new body. 2 It is recorded that Mr. Hill supplied the pulpit of Williamsburg Church occasionally prior to the ministry-if such it can be called-of the Reverend Samuel Kennedy. Mr. Hill was our first full-time minister of record, except for Mr. Knox's brief association in 1768. Unfortunately his usefullness was marred by indulgence and at the first meeting of the new presbytery, at Waxhaw in April 1785, he was cited to answer charges of intemperance. Failing to appear at the subsequent meeting he was cut off, and his work at Indiantown ceased. 3 For a time the pulpit was occasionally supplied by the Reverend James Edmonds of Charleston, Thomas Reese of Salem Black River, Robert McColloch, Robert Finley and James W. Stephenson. It is quite possible that the Reverend William Knox of Black Mingo would visit. However, Black Mingo was a member of Charleston Presbytery not of the newly formed Presbytery of S. C. 4 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 489. Centennial address by Dr. John L. Giradeau, D.D. 1 1885. a Howe, Vol. 1, p. 663. 4 Ibid : p. 489. 1 2 19 �20 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH The year 1788 is important in the history of Indiantown. In South Carolina the Church of England had been disestablished in 1778. At the same time provision was made for the incorporation of other Protestant church units, to make possible their ownership of property and assumption of obligations. There is in the archives of the Historical Commission in Columbia, the original Confession of Faith signed by the members of Indiantown congregation on Feb. 11, 1788, and a petition for incorporat1on addressed to the Assembly. The Confession of Faith is as follows : We the Congregation of Indiantown subscribe, First, That there is one God and a future State of Rewards and Punishments. Second, That God is publickly to be worshipped. Third, That the Christian Religion is the true Religion. Fourth, That the holy Scriptures of the old and new Testament are of divine Inspiration, and are the Rule of Faith and Practice. Fifth, That it is lawful, and the Duty of every Man, being thereunto called by those that govern to bear witness to Truth. The Petition for incorporation: The Honble. Mr. Speaker and the House of Assembly in Charleston now sitting. The Petition of the Presbyterian Congregation of Indian Town in Georgetown District humbly 5 • • • That your Petitioners have associated themselves for the Purpose of religious Worship, and have complied with the other Requisitions previously necessary in Order to entitle them to the Privilege of Incorporation. Your Petitioners therefore humbly pray, That they may be incorporated agr~eably to the Constitution, and be constituted and regarded in Law as of the established Religion of this State, under the Denomination of the Presbyterian Church of Indian Town. Signers of both the Confession and Petition were : John James Snr Robert Graham Wm. D. James James Barr John James Jr ( ?) Mary Witherspoon Nathl. McCollugh Jane Dobbin J no. J. McCollugh Philip Owens David Jones William Graham James Daniel J no. Cooper Robert Wilson Moses Barnes Richard Hanna John Gordon Zechariah Owens John James, Jun. Peter Owens John Graham James Owens Robt. McCottry Thomas J ohnsten David Wilson 5 Word illegible. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 21 Alexr Thomson Roger McGill George Burrows William Mcllveen Anthy. Haselten George White Wm. Mcllroy Sam'!. Cooper Hugh Paisley Robt. Dick Robt. McFaddin Thos. McCrea Thomas Pressley William Cooper Archibd. Jolly John Gibson Geo. McCutchen It appears that only heads of households signed: there are only two signatures by women, each a widow and head of a household. The year 1788 also saw the coming of the Reverend James White Stephenson at first as supply and subsequently as minister, his services being shared by Indiantown and the newly organized congregation of Bethel at Kingstree. Bethel's membership, like Indiantown's, was composed chiefly of the descendants of the early settlers, and clung to the lofty standards and pure doctrine of the patriarchs. Control of the Williamsburg Church had passed throught weight of numbers to late arrivals, men of a different mold and stamp. 6 The last and most hateful insult was the Socinianism of the Reverend Samuel Kennedy. His heretical views so outraged the Witherspoons, Friersons, McBrides and others of like mind, that they resorted to violent schism, going so far as to destroy the original house of worship. The new congregation of Bethel formed by this faction was closely associated with Indiantown during the forty years of its existence and usually employed the same minister. Mr. Stephenson's parents came south from Pennsylvania during the migrations of the 17SO's. 7 He was born in Virginia in 1756, but grew up at Waxhaw, S. C. Given the best classical education the frontier offered at Mount Zion College near Winnsboro, he became a school master and numbered among his pupils Andrew Jackson, the future president. After revolutionary service he prepared himself for the ministry and was ordained in 1791. For eighteen years he preached at Bethel and Indiantown; his influence was great and it was he who introduced the new dispensation. It seems to have been a mark of the times, this new morality that "took the place of the religion of the Gospel, and many believed that morality was religion." 8 His labors were rewarded by growth in membership and some success in curbing the ancient practices of "treating at funerals," 9 horse-racing and dancing. It was also during his ministry that work among the negroes was begun. In 1802, a camp meeting-an innovation said to have originated in Kentucky-caused great excitement and emotional fervor. 10 It was held at the Sand Hills near Kingstree, drew huge crowds, and resulted in many conversions. Bethel Sessional Record, also Howe, Vol. 1, p. 406. Howe, Vol. 1, p. 581 ff. s DuBose : Reminiscences p. 32. 9 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 586. 10 Howe, Vol. II, p. 65. 6 1 �22. AN HISTORICAL SK~'I'CH . Mr. Stephensoff married Elizabeth, the daughter of Major James. Their married life was brief, and in July 1793 she was buried near her father in the churchyard at Indiantown. The Major had died at the age of fifty-nine in 1791. His son, Captain John is noted as being an elder in May 1792. We do not know when his ordination took place, whether he was elected in his father's stead or had served before. John McFaddin is also on record as an elder at this time.11 In 1805 several families from Bethel migrated to Maury County, Tennessee and bought a large tract of land from the heirs of General Nathaniel Greene. These first migrants were followed by others, and the family names o,f Frierson, Armstrong, Fulton, Witherspoon, Blakeley, Fleming, still appear among the membership of Zion Church, founded by the Williamsburgers. The only member to go from Indiantown that can be identified is Mrs. Jane Wilson Dobbin (she signed the Confession and Petition in 1788) . The journey proved too much for her and she died shortly after reaching Franklin, Tenn. 12 Mr. Stephenson visited his friends in their new home in 1808. Struck by the opportunities of the territory, and affectionately invited by the new congregation, he moved from Williamsburg to Maury County. There he worked with great success until 1831. So highly was he regarded, that South Carolina College, urged by Chancellor William Dobein James, in ·1815 made him a Doctor of Divinity. His long pastorate among us saw Indiantown achieve stature as a large and flourishing congregation, no longer .dependent on occasional supplies and visiting ministers. From 1790 until 1868 her pulpit was seldom empty. A brief pastorate by Dr. Andrew Flinn (1008-10) 13 was followed by that of Daniel Brown. "That which is calculated to make Mr. B.'s ministry most memorable was the opening the way for the reception of People of Colour into full communion with the Church. This we believe has served many beneficial purposes, especially the leading of that class of People among us to reflect that they were concerned on the Subject of Religion as well as the White Christians, but some ·few have disgraced their profession." 14 A fragmentary record has also been preserved which may · mark the beginning of firm judgments meted out by the Session : "The Sessions of the Congregations of Indiantown and Bethel impressed with a sence of their high responsibility as officers of the Church of Christ deem it their duty at all times to attend to the Just Requisitions of the higher Judicatories of the Church of which they are members, being also well assured that the General Assembly had just cause to call on the churches under their care to adopt measures to suppress the alarming and growing vise of the intemperate use of ardent Spirits, Under such views the sessions have unanimously adopted the following resolutions relative to the exercises of dicipline." rn There follows a listing of the degrees of offence and the requisite penalties : Howe, Vol. 1, p. 589. ·. . · Stephenson : The Friersons of Zion Church. The Parthenon Press. 13 Dr. Flinn was first minister of the 2nd Presbyterian Church, Charleston. 14 Sessional Record Bethel Church. 15 Ibid. 11 12 �INDIANTOWN ·PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 23 1. Private drunkenness to be admonished. · 2. Drunkenness, not "aggravated ·by profanity, contention or some other immorality" to be reproved by the session. 3. Aggravated drunkenness to be reproved before the congregation. 4. Persistence in intemperance to be punished by being cut off from the communion of the Church. In 1811,. the Sessions of the two churches acting jointly found a member of Bethel guilty of "incest" because he had married his deceased wife's sister. Mr. Brown died in 1815 while on a visit to his old home. There was an interval of occasional pre·aching before Mr. John Covert a native 'of Oyster Bay, N. Y. and graduate of Princetown, graced the pulpits of Bethel and Indiantown for a year. Had not a call already been extended to the Reverend Robert W. James, Mr. Covert's association would have been prolonged. Instead, he became p·a.stor of Williamsburg, and, equally beloved by both that congregation and his former charges at Bethel, he did much to bring about the reunion of the two factions. That happy outcome was realized only in 1828 after his early death. The Reverend Robert Wilson James was a son of Captain John James. Our Session records have been kept faithfully since his coming, and it might be well at this point to note some matters necessarily omitted in a chronological survey. In trouble and adversity people turn to the church for consolation and reassurance. Spiritual growth can come out ·of tribulation. But it is also true that a church reflects the condition of its members. During the Revolution public worship was abandoned. But the return of peace and confidence brought a quick rebirth. The remarkable ministry of Mr. Stephenson coincided with a period of prosperity and expansion. . The economic void left by the death of the indigo trade was filled by cotton. There had been small plantings of cotton during the colonial period, chiefly for home use. Tedious separation of fiber and seed by harid had limited its · commercial development. The cotton gin opened a new chapter in the economic and social life of the South. Prosperity, greatly increased use of slave labor, the growth of the plantation system, later migrations to the west, all these .affected the state of the church at Indiantown. Black seed, or Sea Island cotton, formerly planted in Williamsburg, was replaced by short staple varieties, green seed and nankeen, a coarse fiber used for rough cloth. 16 The lint, spun into thread at home, was often ·carried to a weaver to be made into cloth for the plantation. One such establishment in Williamsburg was near Murray's Ferry on Santee~ 17 A ready· market for the baled staple developed, and wagon trains, ·each wagon piled high with six bales, made the long trip to · Charleston once a .year.'18 The plantation system, though never on the scale found in the Deep South, became the new order. Drayton : A View ·of S:' C., p. 128. DuBose : Reminiscences. 18 McGill : Reminiscences in Williamsburg County, p. 79. 16 11 �24 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH Roads made wheeled vehicles possible. They had been almost non-existant before the Revolution-none are mentioned in wills-but now riding chairs are often mentioned. That awkward, heavy, two-wheeled cart, with its broad seat and roomy body, was gradually replaced by more comfortable rigs. Eventually carriages and barouches became numerous. Education was afforded by private schools, and, when Mills compiled his Statistics, there were also eight public schools supported by the state, "in which poor children are educated gratis." A very revealing glimpse into church finances and affairs is given by an account book presented to Indiantown Congregation by Mr. Kenneth M. James of Darlington. Twelve pages long, it details the trusteeship of Captain John James and John Wilson, whose responsibility it was to collect the bonds given by the members and disburse the funds for the years 1793 to 1796. The same names appear as those signing the confession of faith and petition for incorporation, with the following additions : J ~cob Rowland, Jean James (widow of Major John James), William Persons, Hugh McGill, Marthar McColough, Henry Price, Stewart Dickey, William Hanna, James Hanna, Thomas Williams, Hanna Snow, John Wilson (one of the trustees), Andrew Russel, Robert Graham, William Graham, Samuel Jones, William McCrea, and Thomas Blackwell for the estate of James Gordon. The bonds, equivalent to our pledges, ranged from ten shillings to seven pounds ten shillings per year. One notation shows that John Wilson advanced the Reverend Stephenson three pounds, ten shillings and sixpence "out of his pocket-which is now due said John Wilson." In June 1797, Mr. Stephenson was paid one hundred one pounds, fourteen and five. Evidently the trusteeship was continued beyond the dates covered by the record, for a notation of 1803 shows that Mr. Stephenson "settled with Messrs. John James and John Wilson Trustees ... in full for the Sallery due on the Bond for which they were appointed collectors." The Census of 1790 sheds some light on the economic standing of the members. There are none very rich, a number in comfortable circumstances, a few whose assets are meager. A fascinating story comes from Howe 19 about a long forgotten personality who had more than casual connection with Indiantown. It was during Mr. Stephenson's pastorate that Thomas Dickson Baird came to join relatives near the church. He had been born in County of Down, Ireland in 1773. His father was determined he should be a blacksmith but he managed to teach himself, though learning the smith's trade. In 1796 he fled to Delaware to escape punishment for taking part in rebellion against the British. He came to South Carolina in 1803. His wife and children died in an epidemic the following year. He had united with Indiantown and expressed his determination to become a minister. In 1809 he sold his possessions and entered the famous school conducted by Moses Waddel at Willington. Waddel, one of the prominent edu19 Vol. II, p. 68. �INDIAN'l'OWN PRESBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH 25 cators of his day, declared Baird to be the most brilliant student ever to come to his notice. In 1812, aged thirty-eight, he was ordained to the ministry. After preaching and conducting a large classical school he moved to Ohio in 1815. Thereafter, his influence became great in church councils. He had an important part in establishing the Western Missionary Society; he became editor of the Pittsburg Christian Herald, sat in the General Assemblies of 1837-38, and was president of the Convention meeting in connection with it. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity ; and three of his sons became ministers, two Doctors of Divinity. Such was one fruit of Dr. Stephenson's ,ministry at Indiantown. David Wilson died in 1812, and Robert Wilson in 1813. In these brothers, sons of David Wilson and Mary Witherspoon, the church lost two elders who had served long and faithfully. David's son, David D., proved a worthy successor. �IV On February 11, 1819, the Reverend Robert W. James was ordained to the ministry and installed as pastor of Indiantown and Bethel congregations. The Bethel Sessional Record tells us that at the .first meeting of Harmony Presbytery, Mr. James "had the honor to attend; it was there understood that it should be a regulation that a record should be kept by every minister and his session, and there books to be reviewed by the Presbytery annually." To this we owe our well preserved history from that date. It would also seem that no regular sessional records had been required or kept before that time. Beginning with the entry noting Mr. James' installation, the Indiantown records were kept in the "old Session Book" until 1845. By that date the book included several inferior specimens of writing, had become somewhat jumbled, and the binding had suffered wear. The minutes were copied into a new book which continued in use until 1899. Hence we have the original and a copy of the records and membership roll from 1819 until 1845. The first page of the new 1845 book records that the transcriber, Reverend J. P. McPherson was requested by the Session to prefix a short history of the church to the copied record. There follow seven blank pages! Mr. McPherson did collect information about Indiantown and Williamsburg. Dr. Howe refers to his notes on Williamsburg/ and Mr. McPherson wrote to The Southern Presbyterian in 1849 that he had a complete list of births and marriages for Williamsburg District from 1732 to 1788. Efforts to trace this invaluable record have been so far vain. The roll of members, as it was first kept, gives no dates, indicating neither when membership began nor ended. The roll is cumulative, but just where the original roll of 1819 ends is uncertain. It is impossible to ascertain the roll at any specific time. Indications are that the congregation in 1819 included the following family names: Barr, Brown, Britton, Cooper, Daniel, Ferrell, Dick, Gordon, Gotea, Graham, Green, Gregg, Gibson, Hanna, James, McCants, McConnell, McCrea, McCottry, McCullough, McFaddin, McCutchen, McIlveen, McKnight, McKnight, Nesmith, Owens, Paisley, Scott, Singletary, Thompson, Wilson and Snowden. Colored communicants were listed by given name and name of owner. There were eighty-nine such members. In 1819 the Session was composed of Captain John James, James Daniel, George McCutchen, Senior, and David Wilson. During the year, Hugh Hanna, George Barr, George McCutchen, Junior, and Samuel J. Wilson were ordained. The office of elder was not lightly bestowed nor lightly assumed. Monitoring the behavior of the membership called for superhuman qualities of humility, assurance and blamelessness. The early record is concerned i Howe, Vol. 1, p. 255. 26 �lNDIAN'tOWN PR1tSBY'tERIAN CHURCH 27 largely with cases of discipline: intoxication, chiefly, but also the "unchristian conduct of quarrelling and fighting." Baptized members were subject only to admonition and exhortation. Offending members in full communion were required to make confessions and profess repentance and reformation before being admitted to the Lord's Supper. Even members of the Session were not wholly free from the sin of intemperance, and the judgment of their peers was stern. Tardiness in submission to the decrees and citations of the Session often resulted in suspension of the privileges of membership, and, if too prolonged, in excommunication. It was a courageous heart or rebellious soul who could bear such a dreadful doom. Colored members were subject to like watchful supervision. If a ' sin was judged particularly serious, the colored offender was made to acknowledge his crime and profess sorrow, not only before the tribunal of the Session, but also before the colored congregation on Sunday afternoon. A touching case found the Session at a loss how to rule: A slave, accused of adultery, had been "forceably separated" from his former wife. Reference of the matter to Presbytery, and by Presbytery to Synod, brought the judgment that, in such a case, remarriage did not exclude from church privileges. The slaves were given religious instruction. In 1824 a Bible Class, a Sunday School 2 and "regular catechising of the black people" was undertaken. They were required to achieve a creditable knowledge of scripture and doctrine and pass examination in "experimental piety" before being admitted to baptism and communion. From the roll it is evident that only a few qualified for admission at first. And it is probable that such distinction was highly prized, not solely from religious conviction. The years 1825 and 1826 saw great changes in the Session. David Wilson in 1825 took dismission with his family to move to Alabama. This is the first of many records of Indiantowners joining the westward march-to Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Missouri, Nebraska, and California. The Session lost three members by death: Captain John James in 1825, George McCutchen, Senior, and James Daniel in 1826. The following year David D. Wilson joined the Session. Each . generation has its outstanding leader. Major John James had stood above his fellows in the early years, his son and namesake in the early 1800's; and now Colonel D. D. Wilson. It is not only for prominence in church affairs that he is remembered. Patron of education, senator from Williamsburg, Colonel of Militia, and highly progressive and successful planter, he can be listed as one of the county's outstanding citizens. 2 Dr. McGill in his Reminiscences (p. 56.) tells of a Sunday School for which the Elders, Col. D. D. Wilson, William Daniel (?), George McCutchen, George Barr; and Mr. William E. James, Miss Lavina James, Mrs. Eliza Montgomery and Mrs. Thermutis Cooper were the teachers. Col. D. D. Wilson became an elder in 1827 and all the Session resigned in 1834, so the Sunday School to which Dr. McGill refers was in existance between those two dates. Mrs. Cooper joined Indiantown in 1827 and Mrs. Montgomery was a member of the Bethel Congregation until its reunion with Williamsburg. �28 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH In 1824 Miss Margaret McConnell "was received a member from the late church of Black Mingo, this now being extinct." This congregation had been served by Mr. William Knox until after 1800. Just when it dispersed is not known. The old names of members are missing from its vicinity and its records are lost. 3 Mr. James resigned in 1827. From his new charge at Salem Black River he returned occasionally to administer the Lord's Supper, to preach, and to moderate Sessional meetings in the absence of the regular pastor. Upon application to the Domestic Missionary Society of Charleston, our pulpit was supplied by a Mr. Power for a brief time. The Reverend John 'McKee Erwin of North Carolina came and preached in June, 1828, and being called, became pastor in December. To Mr. Erwin must be credited much of the ferment of succeeding years. He had no sooner come than the Session found itself committed to a course that would rock the church and community, and engender opposition leading eventually to bitter separation. The "higher judicatories" of the Presbyterian Church had denounced dancing as early as 1818. But the local Session did not act until the coming of Mr. Erwin. The people of Williamsburg had always loved and enjoyed dancing, horse racing-Capt. John James is said to have had a track on his plantation-and moderate tippling. (Among the tools given the earliest settlers by the authorities in Charleston was a still-mill. 4 We are also told that George Whitfield, the great Methodist, strongly urged the admission of both rum and Negro Slavery into the new colony of Georgia. 5 And in 1770, the Presbytery of South Carolina repaired to Dr. Hewat's for a glass of wine. 6 This is not here inserted for the encouragement of topers, but simply to show that the vice, or practice, was one of long standing.) It must be said that the stern measures adopted by the Session were in compliance with the policy laid down by the General Assembly and were a departure characteristic of the times. The change in emphasis is underscored by a description of Mr. William Knox as a "minister of the old school" who "probably regarded many of his bretheren as too rigid, and perhaps fanatical." 7 This shortly after 1800. It must also be noted that the disciplinary measures instituted by the Session were directed only against communicants. Full membership carried responsibility in those days. A person was expected to have attained serious3 While information about John Baxter was being sought, the following clue to Black Mingo's fate was found: Mr. Robert Barnes, who owns the land on which the church stood and lives nearby, told us that his grandmother, a Miss Gibson, as a girl came to that site just after the War in 1812. When very old, she told her grandson that the church had been burned during the war by British soldiers on a foray up Black River from Georgetown. It was not rebuilt, though the cemetary was used for a time. All that can now be seen are a rectangular mound of broken, crumbling bricks and two or three gravestones. 4 Witherspoon Family Record. 5 Howe, Vol. 1, p. 247. 6 Ibid, Vol. 1, p. 387. 1 Howe, Vol. II, p. 72. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 29 ness and dignity, to have overcome the world, before graduating from membership by baptism alone to full communion. It was to preserve the purity of this body and to assert the "government and discipline" of the Presbyterian Church that the Session took its uncompromising position. The matter was enlarged when the original offence of dancing was aggravated by reluctance to bow to the decrees of the Session. The charge of "obstinacy" superseded the original indictment. However earnest the participants or noble the motives, it is impossible to read the Sessional account without smiling at the wonderful clash of personalities and the terrific heat created. It is difficult to keep in clear perspective the basic questions : the "government and discipline of the Presbyterian Church" as embodied in its courts, the authority of the Session over the membership in matters of conduct, and freedom of the individual conscience. The campaign began on January 8th, 1830, when the Session "unanimously resolved to address the following to the Communing Members of this society : "That whereas your Session has reason to believe that some of the members in full communion in the Church give incouragement to and take an active part in Balls or Dancing frolics, and whereas the incouragement thus given to this amusement is a great grievance to Some, perhaps to a Majority of this Society, and if we mistake not a Stumbling Block to others; and whereas the General Assembly of our Church has expressly disapproved of this Amusement as inexpedient among professors in our Church ; the Session after deliberately viewing these things in connection with our high responsibilities as officers of this Church do hereby declare to you our approval of the decision of this Judicatory of our Church and that we will henceforth feel ourselves bound to view all professers of religion in this Church who incourage or take an active part in dancing as offenders against Its purity and prosperity; and finally Bretheren we affectionately exhort you to abstain from all appearance of evil, directed to be read by the Moderator next Sabbath." This address was not entirely effective, and the minister was instructed on March 27th to "admonish privately'~ those violating the resolution. Full compliance still not being achieved, Presbytery was asked, "what farther measures if any are to be taken?" The reply: The Session was to deal with the members "according to the Book of Discipline and the expressions of the opinion of the Synod and General Assembly." This was in March of 1831, a full year after the matter first began to ferment. Reassured in their sense of duty and authority, the Session chose several from. its ranks to converse in a private manner with those persons said to have "recently taken an active part in a dancing party, and if they confess guilt to endeavor to bring them to Repentance." This was done. One of those so visited was Mr. Samuel McGill. He was a devoted member of Indiantown-at this very time, as we shall see, he was one of the contractors for the new church building, a project of much difficulty and no profit. He was also a lover of dancing and pleasure. The interview was not �II 30 satisfactory to the Session, its deputies reporting that Mr. McGill had "assumed principles and made expressions," for which the Session warned Mr. McGill not to commune the next day. Weeks of sparring, requests for clarification of statements and positions, charges and counter charges were climaxed by a demand to know if Mr. McGill submits to "the Government and dicipline of the Presbyterian Church," accepts the authority of the Assembly's letter respecting dancing, and recognizes the duty of a properly authorized officer "to endeavor to bring an offender to repentance." A stated deadline having passed without reply, Mr. McGill was charged with obstinacy, disrespect of the "authoritiv~ expressions of the General Assembly in 1818," "slandering an individual of this Session." Note that the charge of dancing had been overshadowed. A point of view counter to that of the church record is found in "Reminiscences in Williamsburg County" by Dr. Samuel Davis McGill, son of the recalcitrant member: "The Rev. J. M. Erwin, from North Carolina, was our pastor, who tall and slim of figure, and of cold and repulsive address, condemned from the pulpit the practice of dancing ... A church committee, composed of the elders of the church, was appointed to wait on Mr. Samuel McGill to summon him to trial, to be held in the session house. When the day came those two men were seen approaching his house and as their errand was known, it can be imagined in the manner his soft blue eyes sparkled with indignation, overshadowing his otherwise handsome features. He did not meet them, but the wife did at the gate, and it was said their business was hurriedly dispatched amid her clamors, made stinging by her nimble and then irritated tongue, telling them, among other things, of Mr. McGill's claim to that church which his father had founded, nor did she desist in the denunciation of them till they were out of her hearing, and going at a brisker pace than they had come." The trial aroused great interest and excitement in the district. Pages of testimony, much too long to be reproduced here, were given by witnesses for both prosecution and defense, with cross-examination. Several bits, however, must be repeated: To the question, "Did you recommend any religious exercise in preference to dancing as an amusement?" Mr. Erwin replied, "I did. I recommend singing hymns." Mr. McGill had retorted that he "had seen more sin committed in singing hymns than in dancing, because they laughed while singing solemn words." He also quoted from Isaac Watts: "Religion never was designed to make our pleasures less." One witness, a light-footed miss named Leonora Montgomery reporting her feelings when interviewed by a inember 0£ the Session: She was "so badly scared I Hardly Know'd what I said." 8 The Session, having weighed the evidence, found Mr. McGill guilty of the first two charges, but not on the count of slander since there were "extenuating l ( 8 Mr. McPherson, the transcriber of the old record, very carefully and kindly corrects the grammar. Mr. Boddie quotes the eorrected version (p. 278). ,, �lNDIAN'tbWN PRESBYifERIAN ' CHURCit 31 circumstances." Mr. McGill was ordered ·to appear before the elders and witnesses for admonition and rebuke. He thereupon declared his intention to appeal to the congregation, and was granted permission to do so. However, on examining the minutes, Presbytery branded such a· review by the congregation unconstitutional, and appeal was denied. At its next stated meeting, Harmony Presbytery deliberated the whole matter, and the Session had the satisfaction of being sustained in its actions and judgment. The sentence of rebuke and admonition was carried out at long last. It was without visible effect on Mr. McGill and he remained under censure. His request for a letter of dismis'sion :w~s denied. His son says that the suspension was not long continued, that Mr. McGill · came bef9re the elders, made his peace, confessed, and was restored;· "There · were no more dancing parties given at his house during the remainder of his life.'; The Session Book records that on "Nov. 4, 1832, The Session of Indiantown met at the call of the Moderator. Mr. Sam McGill being present gave satisfactory evidence of repentance for the charge against him and was restored to the privileges of the Church." Cases were made against other members; Miss Leonora Montgomery, Mrs. Mary McGill and Miss S. R. G. Sndwden; for dancing after the resolutions had been published. In absentia they were adjudged "contumacious" and received suspensions. So the Session was victor in the battle, but the war was far from won. Evidently the love of dancing and pleasure was not to be stifled in a day or a decade. Mr. McGill was known as an upright man, and others involved were among the most popular and respected members of the church. The actions of the elders may have been entirely correct, but the meinbership was not ready to walk the narrow path they had chart~d. Copscious of their isolation and unpopular rectitude, the Session, en masse, addressed the congregation as follows: "April 28th ( 1834), We the ·undersigned, Elders of the Indiantown Church, having for some years past . been contending against prevailing practices in the Church, which we d.eem unchristian and when bringing discipline to bear on offending members, we were planely told by a member in full standing 'that he knew the mind of the congregation ten .times better than we did and that there were not three individuals in Indiantown Church that would sustain our proceedings,' and having received very little Support or Counten~n~e from the Congreg;ifion, we were induced to believe his statements measurably correct ; arid moreover at a House in the immediate viscinity of the Church (the Heads of the family in full membership) at whi~h a large number of the Congregation attended a Wedding, o'n the hight. previous to a three-Days' meeting, at which the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered, these practices were introduced and persevered in through the night, and to~ such ' . �32 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH excess that we believe it hopeless to proceed farther against such determined opposition, and as we cannot Conscientiously Serve the Church as Ruling Elders, seeing the practice of dancing, excessive drinking and their accompanying evils cannot be Suppressed by us, and judging from the efforts already made that our influence is insufficient for this or to promote the purity and edification of this Church; and therefore after mature reflection we have unanimously resolved that we claim the Constitutional priviledge of ceasing to act as officers of this Congregation ... and now we earnestly pray the Great Head of the Church that the efforts of those who may be called in His Providence to Succeed us ~ay be accompanied with His Almighty power and blessing and make theirs more successful than ours have been." The Signers : S. James Wilson, George Barr, George McCutchen, and David D. Wilson. Mr. George McCutchen a short time later sold his holdings and moved to the Mount Zion community of Sumter District. There he exerted great and lingering influence. Samuel James Wilson and his family moved to Alabama. The Reverend Mr. Erwin also severed his connections with Indiantown and Williamsburg and returned to North Carolina. The entire Eldership having resigned, there was some confusion. A call to the Reverend A. G. Peden was declared out of order by Presbytery because there were no ruling elders. He was installed after the election of William Daniel and Samuel Scott to form the new Session. A more positive and inviting approach to goodness is found during Mr. Peden's ministry. A flourishing "Sabbath School" came into being, with two .superintendents, sixty-six scholars and a library. Thirty-four dollars was initially subscribed for the library's establishment, and occasional special offerings were taken to buy additional books. Fifty-three dollars was also contributed to the newly founded Theological Seminary in Columbia. Fifty-eight dollars was sent for Domestic Missions. The fund for infirm ministers received fifteen dollars ; and thirty-three dollars, fifty-six and one quarter cents went to foreign missions. Indiantown' s interest in the foreign field was no doubt heightened by the fact that John Leighton Wilson, pioneer American Missionary to Africa was the grandson of Captain John James, and descendant of Robert Wilson one of our first elders. 9 All during the years 1830 to 1835, the Session's preoccupation with discipline monopolizes the official record. No mention is made of the building of the new church-our present structure. We again turn to Dr. McGill for our information :10 "The foundation of the new Indiantown Presbyterian Church being ready to be laid, a small eastern portion of the old church was pulled down for the position of the western portion of the new church . . . In this condition, with 9 Wardlaw : Witherspoon Family. 10 McGill: Reminiscences p. 37 ff. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 33 only a small part of the old church taken down, it did not hinder divine services in it, protected by the frame of the new church on the exposed side ... "The building of our new church, offered to the lowest bidder, was awarded to Col. D. D. Wilson and Mr. Samuel McGill, at $1,700, which proved to be a tedious and unprofitable investment, as all the lumber for the church could not be gotten nearer than Lawren's water mill, on Lynch's Creek, ten miles above the present town of Scranton. These two contractors put all the material necessary for the completion of the church on the yard, and employed Mr. Doney, of Upper Pudding Swamp, to erect and complete the building ... "Amid the great political and social disturbances in our State and district the new Indiantown Church was completed, and after painting, was' ready for its occupancy. The seats being numbered the members were solicitous in the choice of them ... Mr. George Cooper was given first choice, by reason of a donation in money 11 left by his deceased father for the benefit of the Indiantown Church. "The first sermons 12 • • • were delivered by Rev. Mr. ______________ Morgan, of North Carolina ... These sermons may have been in the dedication of the church or on a sacramental occasion directly afterwards, and were very effective in their delivery." Mr. Morgan was a brother of Mrs. Erwin and is spoken of as "the great and renowned preacher." Evidently the present building was finished during the Nullification period, since Dr. McGill speaks of the great political ... disturbances. There are further interesting facts in Dr. McGill's recollections about the church, its appointments and customs : "The pulpit was high, and its back frame nearly reached the upper ceiling of the house, all of panel frame of workmanship, painted a dull red color, and fringed with black, and raised high above the flooring of the church proper, it was conspicuous. Its enclosure was small, barely sufficient to seat two persons at a time on its hard and uncushioned bench, and was reached by a narrow flight of half a dozen or more steps, supported by a hand railing to its swinging door, which the preacher closed behind him upon his entrance with a slam ... when seated, only his head was visible; and in full view, was another frame of an enclosure, in which the two 'clerks' of the church were placed, whose business was to pitch or raise the hymns ... Mr. Benjamin Gordon, of Cedar Swamp, a singing school master, assisted by Mr. Samuel Wilson, of Muddy Creek, was the foreman of the tenor, while Mrs. Mary Ann McGill from her seat lead the female voices in the part of the music, then known as the 'tribble.' 13 "In the summer of 1838, a Singing School 1 4 was formed and taught by Mr. Marion Timmons, from Marion District, and another school the following 11 Eight hundred dollars 12 Ibid, p. 60. 13 Ibid, p. 58. 14 Ibid, I>· 132. by William James Cooper in 1808. I ! 1.. .. ~:· 1 ! f �34 AN HISTORICAL SKE>i'CH summer ... All the young people eagerly joined, and the old, if not scholars, 'gav~ their encouragement and frequently their attendance'." 15 The eagerness for · learning and culture here noted, was not new. Private schools had been maintained; During the years when the church was being built, the session house-the same still standing-was used as a school room, presided over by Mr. DuRand (DuRant?) of Georgetown. In 1832, the Indiantown Academy was erected .at the head of Mr. Samuel McGill's avenue not far from the church. 16 .Another brother-in-law of Mr. Erwin, Mr. McCamy Morgan, wa.s. teacher. The cypress-pole construction belies th~ pretentious name, but thorough instruction w~s given and some of its students went on to further study at South Carolina College, Davidson, the Medical College of . South Carolina, and numerous boa!ding and finishing schools. In all honesty it can be said that the people of Indiantown had achieved a high standard of living, and showed great respect for knowledge and refinement. Cotton prosperity afforded means to gratify in moderation the desire for self improvement and comfort. Surviving volumes fr9m libraries of the period show a surprising knowledge of the classics and contemporary literature. The pioneer homes, usually of logs, had given way to the weather-boarded, twostory house, rather tall and spar:~, known as a two-up and two-down ; there were additional rooms in a single-story "shedroom" to the rear. Generous porches and shutters made summers cool, and huge brick chimneys kept out the winter cold. With a few exceptions, these houses were not pretentious, but they were substantial and comfortable. General well-being is reflected in the benevolences of the church, in increasing concern for missions. In 1837, the congregation gave one hundred eightyone dollars, eighty-seven cents; and the Ladies contributed an additional fifty dollars to "constitute their Pastor an honorary member of the South Board of Foreign Missions." Once again, Colonel D. D. Wilson was elected elder, and joined the session at the same time as Alex. Knox, and John M. Fulton. Members of the congregation still danced, and the Session still thundered; but there seems to have been a more perfunctory approach to discipline. Sinners were quick to confess, but almost as quick to fall from grace again. One very serious case, however, was that of an elder convicted of intemperance, suspended from his office and forbidden to co~mune for two years. Certain of the "most pious and ·orderly" among the ·colored members were chosen to act as monitors among their fellows. Great efforts were made to impose monogamy and sobriety but seem to have been no more successful than the continuing campaign against dancing by the white communicants. 15 As late as the turn of th.e century, most members of the congregation sang by note. A few years ago Mr. Rob Ervin recalled that it was customary to use two hymnals in singing, one for the music in one hand and the word-hymnal in the other, since the words were occasionally sung to different settings. 16 Ibid, pp. 47-60. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 35 Williamsburg was granted a part of Mr. Peden's services for a time, and, after his resignation, Indiantown received in return the ministration of Dr. George H. W. Petrie then at the older church as stated supply. This was only briefly, for in 1840 the Reverend H. B. Cunningham was installed. In a paragraph devoted to the comings and goings of ministers, it might be appropriate to name Indiantown's sons who had become ministers. Dr. Baird's connection has already been noted; so has Robert W. James'. Robert George McCutchen became a minister and moved to Indiana early in his career. W. ' H. Singletary was received as a candidate a bit later, in 1843. Robert Harvey Lafferty came to Indiantown from his native Ohio in 1840 to conduct the Indiantown Academy. In 1842 he dedicated himself to the ministry and was taken under the care of Harmony Presbytery. After graduating from Columbia Theological Seminary in 1845 he was ordained by Concord Presbytery in North Carolina and the following year was installed as pastor of old Sugaw Creek Church at Charlotte. There he remained until his death in 1864. It might also be recalled that Indiantown can claim a definite interest in John Leighton Wilson. In 1843, the Reverend J. P. McPherson began a pastorate notable among other things for greatly increased colored membership. The records of the General Assembly show, by estimate, eighty such members in 1844, and 356 in 1852. Numerous rebukes, admonitions and suspensions for dancing indicate that the Session had by no means given up its prerogatives. Even some of the colored members were disciplined for dancing. It is also evident that the church was far from unanimous in supporting such strict supervision, and there were intimation of serious trouble to come. In 1846 the Session prepared a "brief history of the divisions in our church for the past eight or ten years" which was laid before Presbytery. A few years later a number of dissident members withdrew to form the Whiteoak Congregation. Included were the families of several who had been at odds with the Session in its stern course. Membership, including the colored, dropped from 452 in 1849 to 382 in 1850. It is easy to give too much attention to conflicts, overlooking the gains and quiet progress of turbulent years. The Indiantown Academy, then taught by Dr. S. D. McGill, was made a parochial school (1848) and the pastor was requested to visit it often to catechize and instruct the students. Deacons were elected for the first time in 1849. Those ordained were J. C. Wilson, R. D. Wilson, and L. W. Nesmith. At the same time, S. J. Snowden, R. H. Wilson and W. F. Blakely were added to the Session. Mr. Blakely became clerk of the Session; however, he soon found himself in disagreement with his associates and resigned as elder. The celebrated evangelist, Daniel Baker, D.D. of Texas, chaplain of Congress and founder of Austin College, held a very emotional and fruitful meeting at Indiantown in 1852. The . minutes of the next Session meeting list numerous professions of faith. Receipts among the papers of the Rogers family indicate that extensive repairs were made on the parsonage and church in 1852. Again Colonel D. D. �36 AN HISTORICAL SK~TCH Wilson seems to have been one of the principal contractors. Two other receipts given Mr. W. Vv. Rogers show that the Reverend W. H. Singletary, mentioned before as a ministerial candidate, supplied our pulpit at intervals from 1852 to 1855, and the Reverend William Donnelly preached in 1852. The following year, the Reverend A. L. Crawford was called, and W. C. Barr and James McCutchen were ordained. A year later, D. D. Barr, an elder in the Williamsburg Church, joined Indiantown and was requested to act with the Session. That body was still trying to promote sobriety and moral rectitude among the 585 colored communicants. White members were not slighted. One was disciplined for selling "ardent spirits" and non-attendance. The latter sin of omission received serious attention ; the Session decreed that "any person not communing within the space of one year, his name shall be erased from the Church Book" This ruling was declared too severe by Presbytery and revoked. The elders were faced with another thorny case: A free-for-all fisticuff had occurred at the Muster Field where the militia met for drill. The years have blotted out recollection, but tradition tells of fox hunting and torn-down rail fences as two of the causes of bad feeling. The first notice of the affair is an entry recording that Mr. George Cooper, his sons, and their ladies had applied for dismissals to Whiteoak Church. The request by the men was denied until the Muster Field fracas could be investigated, and responsibility fixed. They were summoned to give testimony but declined to acknowledge the citation. Witnesses for the opposing side gave their version of the set-to, but the Session, "in view of the meagreness of the testimony," was "unable to arrive at a just, and righteous decision" and dismissed the case. It was further resolved "that in consideration of our state as a church· it is our duty to humble ourselves before God, beseaching him no more to afflict us ; but that he would cause all enmity and disposition to strife to give place to Brotherly love and to the Spirit of peace." The petitioners withdrew to join the Whiteoak congregation. In 1857 Samuel J. Snowden lost the power of speech. In a touching letter to his fellow elders he wrote: "Last Sabbath I came off from the Church without letting you know it ... I could not talk, and I had left my slate at home. And Bretheren, I hope you will excuse me from sitting with your honorable body on business of importance, which I am not able to attend." He lived until 1862 but was never again active as a member of the Session. In its centennial year, Indiantown reported 379 members, 282 of them colored. The following year, the Reverend James Ruet Gilland began his pastorate, and the church reported 317 members a figure reflecting the removals of the preceeding year. Mr. Gilland, a native of Pennsylvania, graduate of Washington and Jefferson College, had come south about 1840. He had been pastor at several churches in upper South Carolina, and in 1850-51 was acting president at Davidson College. Preferring the active ministry, he declined the presidency. A gifted teacher, he specialized in preparing youths for �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 37 college. At each of his churches he also conducted a school. Though from the North, he held strong sympathies for the Southern cause, and his pastorate was unmarred by political strife. Within the Session there was discord aplenty. Three elders, D. D. Wilson, W. C. Barr, and D. D. Barr resigned in protest over the handling of a case of discipline and because they thought they had "lost the confidence of the congregation." William Daniel died in 1859, the venerable George Barr in 1860, soon to be followed by Robert H. Wilson. The sole remaining member, James McCutchen, who had been ordained in 1853, was soon to join the Army of Virginia. James D. Daniel, elected in 1862, was the oµly active elder during the war years. The chief duties performed by Mr. Gilland and elder Daniel were the baptism of infants and the examination of candidates for membership. The roll of the church was greatly increased, and in 1866 there were five hundred communicants, eighty per cent of them colored. In 1932, Mrs. Thomas M. Gilland recalled of her father-in-law that "it was said that he would sometimes throw off his ministerial mien and play his fiddle for the younger members of his congregation to dance and forget the stress and strain of the war days." 17 (Shades of Mr. Erwin!) Stress and strain are weak words to convey the privations and anxieties of the times. The very sparseness of the church records suggests the disruption caused by four years of war. The Sunday School was an early casualty. Practically every able-bodied white man was with the forces. As the fighting grew more savage, there were poignant entries in the roll opposite the names of members: Wm. Wilson, Dead, Killed in Battle, Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. Julius J. Hanna, Dead in Confederate service, Richmond, 1863. Robert Wilson, Dead, Killed in battle near Petersburg, 1864. Wm. Cunningham, dead, Killed at Sharpsburg. Wm. Douglas, Dead in Confederate Service. John C. Wilson, Dead [died of wounds in a Richmond Hospital] . To these must be added the maimed and wounded. Unlike the Revolution, The War Between the States did not make our community a battle ground. Its testing time was to come with Reconstruction. There was not even grave unrest among the servants. It was only under military government, and with the hearty encouragement of the Freedman's Bureau that good will and cooperation between the races were replaced by bitterness. There are records of additions to the roll of colored members as late as 1866. But by 1867 almost all had left to form their own churches or to join those already organized. Total membership dropped to eighty-two. An attempt to revive the Sunday School in 1867 failed, but another try one year later was successful. About the same time there began a happy association with the Reverend James McDowell, at that time pastor of Brewington and Harmony Churches. 18 He was engaged to supply our pulpit once a month 17 18 The County Record, June 30, 1932. Jones, Mills. �38 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH after Mr. Gilland moved to Arkansas. The memory of this saintly minister is still revered. He was often here during the rest of the century, called in difficult times to bring peace and unity, or simply to hold services. His grandson, Dr. James McDowell Richards, President of Columbia Theological Seminary, bears his name. In the darkest days of Reconstruction, Indiantown was without a pastor. Presbytery evangelists, among them Mr. Boggs, or frequent visitors such as Mr. G. Morgan-probably the Reverend Gilbert Morgan, noted teacher at Harmony College, Sumter District-preached from time to time. In such circumstances, the Session's importance increased. Dr. Joseph S. C~nningham and Dr. Joseph A. James joined its ranks in 1868. Dr. Cunningham continued an elder until his death in 1925, a span of fifty-seven years! Dr. James, grandson of Chancellor W. D. James, author of the Life of Marion, returned to his ancestral community to marry Miss Sarah McCutchen shortly before the War. He moved to Cheraw in 1884. In 1870 the second election of deacons of which we have record resulted in the choice of T. M. McCutchen, J. C. Josey and Julian Wilson. The Session having lost J. D. Daniel by death gained the services of F. N. Wilson. Elder Wilson moved to Manning in 1876. William J. Daniel was also ordained, but was never able to meet with the Session. He died a few months after (Oct. 4, 1871). The congregations of Indiantown and Whiteoak had both suffered greatly from the War. The more bitter factionalists had died, and once great causes of division seemed much less important. In 1870 the two churches joined Williamsburg in sharing the labors of Mr. Banks, and two years later Mr. A. R. Kennedy became pastor of both Indiantown and Whiteoak. Mr. Kennedy's ministry was climaxed by the reunion of the congregations, all but five of Whiteoak's members returning to Indiantown (1873). These five were granted letters to other churches. Mrs. Kennedy was a sister of Woodrow Wilson. During three years among us, warm friendships were formed. Shortly before they left, their little daughter died, and since they had no permanent home, the little one was buried here among friends-a small tie with one of the great men of our era. The Ladies' Missionary Society was organized on July 10, 1875. Mrs. James McCutchen is recalled as the first president. The constitution pledged the members to "labor together in whatever ways may be right and best to secure funds for the cause of Foreign Missions, and to promote the knowledge of God's Kingdom in the world and to increase an interest in this work throughout the congregation." An entrance fee of ten cents and a monthly fee of ten cents were to be collected by the vice-president. Ten cents was not then the pittance it now seems. The society met once a month, at the church, usually, and prayer was made by the pastor or some other officer of the church. The meetings were opened with the singing of a hymn. Members pledged to "attend �INDIANTOWN PR~SBYT~RIAN CHURCH 39 the meetings of the Society and to discharge the duties of the same, unless prevented by good and sufficient reasons." 19 An account of the work of the Women of the Church will be given later. The Reverend J. R. Gilland, after preaching and teaching in Arkansas and Mississippi, retired to Indiantown to make his home with his daughter and son-in-law, Colonel and Mrs. James McCutchen. He died only two weeks later, and is buried in the church yard ( 1876). His son, Henry Gibbs Gilland, who had spent the greater part of his boyhood at Indiantown, became our minister in 1878. Trying times and a depressed economy forced the church to ask Presbytery to be 'placed in the second class financially and be called on for a smaller contribution. But progressive steps were taken and there was steady increase in membership. The congregation was apportioned among the members of the Session for supervision, encouragement and visitation. It became the rule to take collections regularly instead of occasionally. The Session had gained J. D. Daniel ( 1881), T. M. McCutchen and P. D. Snowden ( 1883). It no longer thundered and commanded but, rather, "admonished kindly" those who fell or wandered. On November 17, 1883, a new church came into being at Lake City. All but one of the members came from Indiantown: H. H. Singletary, J. T. Gaskins, W. C. Brown, Mrs. Singletary, Mrs. Gaskins, T. M. Perkins and Mrs. S. J. McCutchen also Mrs. Singletary's children, John Duncan, Barfield Lamar, and Virginia Vernon. The founding commission of Harmony Presbytery, headed by the Reverend James McDowell, included the Reverend Henry Gilland, the Reverend W. C. Smith, and elders James McCutchen and W. M. Kinder. First elders of the new church were H. H. Singletary and J. T. Gaskins. The Reverend H. B. Garris was first pastor of the small congregation. Its growth has been steady and it now outnumbers its ancient parent and is one of the stronger churches in the Presbytery. 20 During the eighties, the Southern Church debated the questions raised by the increasing acceptance and impact of the Theory of Evolution. 21 Dr. James Woodrow, Perkins Professor of Natural Science in connection with Revelation at the Columbia Theological Seminary, was at the center of the controversy. By request he published an article in The Southern Presbyterian giving his views. Far from attempting to refute the new and revolutionary concepts, he suggested that Divinely guided mutations were plausible. Long deliberations by Synod and the Presbyteries led eventually to the dismissal of ·Dr. Woodrow from the faculty of the Seminary. He became an honored and beloved teacher at the South Carolina College, and, retaining the love and respect of his brother ministers, was later elected moderator of Synod. No mention of the controversy appears in our church's records. But it is recalled that stands were taken and sympathies expressed not without heat. 19 Duplicate copy of the original constitution. 20 Jones, Mills. 21 Ibid. �AN HISTORICAL SKETCH 40 For the second time the Indiantown congregation applied for incorporation. Dated May 29, 1882, the charter empowers the "said corporation to purchase and hold real estate or personal property not exceeding in value the sum of $25,000, and to sell and dispose of the same in any manner whatsoever." Some of the church's property was shortly thereafter mortgaged, but promptly redeemed. 2 2 Numerous real estate transactions resulted in the sale of almost all the church's holding except the land adjacent to the manse. For several months late in 1889 after Mr. Gilland was released to join Concord Presbytery, North Carolina, our Stated Supply was ~fr. W. S. Hamiter. Years of occasional preaching followed. J. E. Dunlop supplied the pulpit in 1891 and for the next seven years he preached at both Indiantown and Williamsburg. Colonel Dunlop is remembered as a man of strong passions. He was by that time elderly, with a large white beard. But the fires that had made him an outstanding staff officer with General Forrest were not dead. A violent temper and impulsive behavior were translated in the pulpit into an equally intense delivery and earnestness. Such a person and personality invited either great admiration or strong disapproval. Memories of him differ widely. He made his home at Indiantown manse, but preached at Union, Central and Williamsburg also, continuing the latter charge after resigning from Indiantown and moving to Georgetown in 1898. Once again the Session lost an outstanding member, James McCutchen, an elder for forty-four years, and superintendent of the Sunday School for most of his life ( 1897) . T. M. McCutchen, his brother and brother-elder, was taken the following year. Hugh McCutchen and W. D. Owens were chosen in their places. The diaconate had gained M. W. Rogers and James F. Cooper in 1894, and in 1898 W. C. Snowden was also elected and ordained. The Session Book begun in 1845 ends with an entry in October 1899, a report to Presbytery that "grave rumors are in circulation affecting the character of a minister of our Presbytery." It is far from our intent to revive a tragic story or give new life to an almost forgotten scandal. Perhaps it is well that our records for this period have been destroyed. No purpose will be served by probing an ancient hurt. Those members of the congregation who remember the events to which the report to Presbytery was a prelude are reluctant to discuss the painful scenes. Charity urges us to leave an old man in peace. He had done much good in his long life; and to be called to trial on a grave charge was a bitter last chapter. This much is written only because the impact of the whole affair was terrible and the hurt to the cause of religion and morality deep and slow to heal. In the words of one who was present : "It almost killed the church!" 22 P apers in the possession of Mr. J. C. McCutchen. �v For two years we were without a pastor. The Reverend Frank H. Wardlaw, a young seminary graduate, came in 1900. A brief but pleasant association was ended by his resigning to join Synodical Home Missions in 1902. He was superintendent of the work during a time of expansion and achievement. In 1905 he transferred to the foreign field, and for a number of years was stationed at Cabarien, Cuba. 1 He was at Indiantown again as pastor 'from 1912 to 1914. The Reverend J. B. Branch was our Stated Supply for a brief interval in 1903. The Reverend H. T. Darnall is fondly recalled as a gentle and godly man of distinguished appearance. He and his wife were much beloved. Mr. Darnall died only a year after resigning in 1907. Their son Vernon is remembered as a singer of considerable fame, and a concert given by him in the church is remembered some fifty years later. During Mr. A. C. Bridgman's stay ( 1908-11) a second daughter church was created by peaceful separation, McGill Memorial, named in honor of Dr. Samuel D. McGill and composed largely of his descendents and relatives living some ten miles west of Indiantown. McGill Memorial, though never very strong, continued until improved roads made Indiantown more accessible to its members, and it dissolved in 1929. During its life, it always had the same minister as Indiantown. In 1910, Presbytery met with us as part of the celebration of our sesquicentennial. For the occasion the church "had been renovated and a porch added extending the whole width of the front with roof supported by solid massive pillows." It was a time of reunion and homecoming. Addresses were given by Professor H. A. White on the "origin of the Williamsburgers: the currents of religio-political history of Europe that beat upon them and made them what they were, and brought them here;" and Professor George McCutchen of the University of South Carolina. Professor McCutchen, a son of Indiantown, spoke on the "History of Indiantown Church," and "while such a subject is difficult to popularize, his presentation of it showed the painstaking research of the antiquarian and that sympathetic and masterful grasp of the material in reach that could rivet the attention of his auditors even when the dinner hour was past and the physical man was faint." Barbecue was the chief dish. "The social feature took precedence over the Presbyterial work and until late in the afternoon Presbyters and people mingled in handshaking and conversation in the spacious groves around about the overflowing 'well down by the gate'." 2 1 Jones, 2 News Mills. and Courier. 41 �42 AN Hrs'I'oRICAL SK:E'I'Ctt After Mr. Wardlaw's second pastorate, our next minister was W. R. Pritchett. His stay included the stirriµg days of the First World War, the "Crusade to Make the World Safe for Democracy." The fact that Woodrow Wilson was a Presbyterian and that the Reverend James H. Taylor, D. D. was his pastor gave Indiantown a sense of immediate contact with world affairs. Dr. Taylor is the son of the late Mrs. Clara Wilson Taylor of Charleston, grand-daughter of Colonel D. D. Wilson. In his youth he was a frequent visitor to his mother's girlhood home, and has always shown his deep affection for our church and community. , The boom days of the war brought unaccustomed prosperity. Farmers usually make a comfortable living, but it is not often that .surplus cash can be expected. The demand for cotton and foodstuffs created by the war gave our section a long delayed chance. A few automobiles had labored to church over unimproved roads as early as 1912. But now cars became commonplace. They in turn demanded systematic maintenance and improvement of the public roads. Fords were bridged, marshy spots filled, and sand beds firmed with clay. As a result church attendance became easier; and, stimulated by the fervor of the times, the congregation increased. Contributions became more liberal, and extensive improvements were undertaken. The church was badly in need of Sunday School rooms. All classes except the primary, which met in the Session House, were forced to share the church auditorium, and it was difficult to keep children attentive and intere~ted. So the church building was raised and a basement containing classrooms was placed beneath. The former high dais, (not the earlier pulpit described by Dr. McGill), was at this time replaced by a semi-circular, low platform with room at the rear for the choir. The old reed-organ was superseded by a piano. Steam-heat added greatly to the comfort of the congregation. In 1920 the present manse was built. It took the place of the original parsonage, a post-revolutionary cottage. In 1918 the cemetery was enlarged by 2.5 acres bought from Mrs. Fannie K. · Montgomery, and enclosed with a substantial fence. An arch over the gate bears the name "Indiantown." Two memorial windows, one to Colonel James McCutchen (1830-1897) and his wife Mary Jane Gilland ( 1841-1900) , the other to the memory of Janet Witherspoon Wilson ( 1822-1901) were donated by their respective descendants. For a number of years the church undertook the support of Miss Eliza Neville (later Mrs. Lancaster) missionary to China. Members pledged the proceeds from one or several acres of crops. A census in March 1926, showed sixty-six families connected with the church including three-hundred four individuals; two-hundred twenty-nine members of the Sunday School; and only ten individuals in the vicinity not members of the church. There were two hundred thirty-nine members. Prosperity vanished with the coming of the boll-weevil in the early twenties. Long before the rest of the country experienced the post-war slump culmi- �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 43 nating in the great depression of the thirties, Williamsburg and most of the South had become accustomed to belt-tightening. Only increased cultivation of tobacco compensated in part for the loss of our chief cash crop. Tobacco has since become the backbone of our farm economy, but in the twenties it could only cushion the blow. For years the treasury of the church was often empty but no emptier than the purses of its members. Mr. Pritchett resigned in 1927. He had been pastor at Indiantown longer than anyone else except Dr. Stephenson. Later he preached at Olanta, South Carolina and in Louisiana. On retiring he returned to Olanta, and was a frequent visitor among us until his death in 1954. He is buried in our <;hurchyard. An interesting service was held in 1928. The occasion was the unveiling of a memorial tablet to David Wilson, his son Colonel David D. Wilson, and grandson Robert H. Wilson, all former members of the Session. Placed on the south wall near the family pew, the handsome bronze plaque was a gift of Mrs. Clara Wilson Taylor. Dr. James H. Taylor delivered the sermon, and a large congregation of relatives and friends met to honor the three former elders. Mr. E. C. Clyde, pastor from 1928 until 1937, will be remembered for the gentle, spiritual leadership he gave in difficult times. The depths of the depression fell during his stay. It was a time of holding fast, not expansion. But, although there are no statistical indications of growth, there was progress. The work among the young people was stressed; and vacation Bible schools were started and regularly held. The church was improved by the installation of electric lights and was completely repainted. Thornwell Orphanage has always had a particularly warm spot in the hearts of Indiantown. During the years when money was short, truck loads of produce were sent each fall, contributed by the members as they were able. For twelve years, Mr. A. W. Ragsdale, one of our elders, has been a member of the board of Trustees. A great loss was suffered in the passing of two beloved leaders: Mr. M. W. Rogers had been a member of the Session and a devoted Sunday School teacher for many years. Mr. David E. McCutchen at the time of his death in 1933 had been an elder for thirty years and superintendent of the Sunday School almost as long. Loved by everyone, he has been sorely missed, and his place has not yet been filled. Mr. William H. Hamilton came in February 1938. His four years as our pastor brought much-needed harmony and restored unity. The whole congregation gave him their support and forgot differences that had rankled for decades. On Sunday, November 8, 1942 Mr. Hamilton conducted services and seemed in his usual health. But shortly after returning to the manse he suddenly passed away. His grave and Mrs. Hamilton's are in Indiantown cemetery. �44 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH Once again the church felt the impact of war. In spite of crippling shortages, gasoline rationing, and the absence of many young people in the armed forces, work continued and expanded during the war years. Our minister was Mr. C. J. Matthews. Sharing in the general boom times and the artificial stimulation of the war effort, the community was able to meet the demands increased membership made on the church's physical plant. Funds were solicited for several years before the lifting of restrictions and easing of shortages made possible the erection of the Fellowship Building in 1948. Costing nearly ten thousand dollars it was completely paid for when finished. It has added greatly to the social life of the church. Many memorial gifts were made to help in the project, and a tablet on an inner wall reads : INDIANTOWN FELLOWSHIP BUILDING ERECTED TO THE GLORY OF GOD 1948 DEDICATED To THE MEMORY oF GEORGE HENRY LOVETT, JR. AND LISTON BLAKELY BURROWS WHO MADE THE SUPREME SACRIFICE AND IN HONOR OF THE FIFTY OTHER MEN AND WOMEN OF INDIANTOWN w HO SERVED IN THE ARMED SERVICES IN WORLD WAR II REV. CURTIS J. MATTHEWS, PASTOR A. W. RAGSDALE J.C. MCCUTCHEN L. H. BARTELL BUILDING COMMITTEE In 1948, total expenditures and contributions for the church, including the Fellowship Building, were $27,237.00. Mr. Matthews was deeply interested in the development of the Rural Church. In 1947, with his encouragement, a Country Church Award was endowed at Columbia Theological Seminary by Messrs. George, Dexter and James Stuckey of Indiantown in honor of their father and mother Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Stuckey. The interest on the endowment will go each year to the member of the rising senior class who is judged to have worked most fruitfully in a rural church or community during the preceding summer. The same year an electric organ was bought. Mrs. A. B. Buffkin (Martha Snowden) who had been our pianist for some dozen years, anticipating the �PLATES Indiantown Presbyterian Church, 1900 Indiantown Presbyterian Church, 1910-19 The Session House, 1820 The Indiantown Fellowship Building, 1948 The Manse, 1920 Aerial View Pastors from 1808 until present ~ -- �Presb31teria11 Church , c. 1900. It re1110ined ·uirt11all31 1111 chan ged erection 1830-1111til 1910, 'Z ihen th e porch z 1as added Indiantown Presb31 feria.11 Church, 1910-19 ��The Indiantown Fellowship Building, 1948 The Manse, bu,ift in 1920 ��.4erial Viei (C ircle) 111dia11toiv11 Presbyterian Church. A . Three h1111dred acres granted to Tho111as B11rto11 A/arch 19, 1744; a11d co11z 1eyed by Tho111as Burton to Joseph TVhite i11 1746. B. Fi7.•e h111:dred acres granted to Joseph TVhite Ma31 2. 1754. Note 011 both these tracts how current field di'l isio11s, roads a11d land lines at 111a1131 points are deter111i11ed by the rigi11al surveys 111ade i11 174./ a11d 1754. C. Probable site of the 1lli11go Indian Village for ·which the church a11d co111111u11ity ore 1 llQllled. �v ANDREW G. PEDEN 1835-1838 �JAMES McDOWELL 1867 HENRY GIBBS GILLAND 1879-1889 w. s. HAMITER 1889 �FRA K H. w ARDLA w 1900-1902 1912-1914 w. R. PtUTCHET'l' 1915-1927 �E. c. CLYDE 1929-1937 C. ]. MATTHEWS 1943-1949 W. H . HAMILTON 1939-1942 �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 45 installation of the new instrument, prepared herself by private lessons and diligent practice. Her skill and excellent taste add immensely to the beauty and reverence of our services. The organ has since been improved by a second tone-cabinet. The church was repainted and the manse thoroughly renovated. The Session Book in use since 1899 was burned in the fire that destroyed the home of the Clerk. Since it included the church roll, it was necessary to reconstruct the list of members from memory. Two-hundred eighty-six names were recalled. An effort was also made to list former members who ' had died, elders and deacons no longer living, when they had served, and such other pertinent facts as could be verified. In 1947 the church began the full support of Miss Miriam Heindel, missionary to Brazil. This was continued until her death in 1949. Subsequently, for a number of years, Mr. Joe Hopper of Korea was in part supported by us. In 1948 the choir area and dais were redesigned and rebuilt. The work was given as a memorial to Mrs. Ellen Gamble Tallevast by her daughter Mrs. Carl Feagle of Columbia. At the same time the pews and floor were sanded and finished to show the beauty of the old wood. Our minister, the Reverend Eugene G. Beckman, has been with us since December, 1949. Membership has shown steady growth. In 1955 the Session retired forty-six names of non-resident, inactive members, but the roll still shows three hundred twenty-six communicants. The Sunday School has an enrollment of three hundred ninety-three with thirty officers and teachers. Among progressive steps and achievements of the past few years may be noted the organization of the Sunday School into departments ( 1950) ; the holding of Communicants' Classes for young people, in preparation for church membership; the adoption of the rotary system for Deacons ( 1954) ; organization of The Men of Indiantown (1950)-current president is Mr. George Stuckey. Indiantown contributed a cabin to Camp Harmony in 1954. L arge scale repairs to the porch and basement of the church were made in 1955. The latter was successfully water-proofed and the classrooms attractively painted; the outside of the church was also repainted. In 1954 carpet was ]aid in the aisles and before the pulpit. In recent years new silver collection plates have been given by the Young People and a new communion service by the Gamble family. In 1952 Mr. and Mrs. A. W. Ragsdale gave a handsome mahogany communion table in memory of our beloved former pastor Mr. Hamilton. Organization of the Missionary Society in 1875 has already been mentioned. Mrs. James McCutchen (Mary Jane Gilland, daughter of the Reverend James Ruet Gilland) was president until her death in 1900. She was succeeded by Mrs. Mac Ervin (Sue Barr) who served for six years. Subsequently, Mrs. James F. Cooper (Mary R. McCutchen), Mrs. A. C. Bridgman and Miss Mutie Cooper held office. Mrs. H . M. Cooper (Virginia Saunders) was president for twelve years, from 1915 to 1927. During her tenure, circles were �46 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH organized; young people were sent for the first time to summer youth conferences ; and colored delegates to Negro women's conferences. In recent years others serving as president have been Mrs. J. B. Lovett (Emma Cooper), Mrs. W. H. Nelson (Lucile Cooper), Mrs. H. C. Nelson (Ruth Wilson), Mrs. John W. Snowden (Virginia Wilson), Mrs. S. D. McGill (Jennie McCutchen), Mrs. R. J. Daniel (Jo Smit~), Mrs. R. C. Gamble (Josie Bartell), Mrs. Jessie Marsh (Mary E. Snowden), Mrs. R. F. Badger. Mrs. S. J . Ervin (Louise Brock), Mrs. Ronald Daniel (Elizabeth Roberts), and currently, again Mrs. S. J. Ervin. Many ladies from Indiantown have held high Presbyterial and Synodical offices. Mrs. J.B. Lovett was president of Harmony Presbyterial (1933-35). Many of those mentioned have been chairmen and secretaries of causes. Prior to 1900, fifty dollars was given annually-this in spite of hard timesto the salary of a missionary, Miss French. Later~ a cot was supported in Dr. Wilkinson's hospital in China in memory of Mrs. James McCutchen, the Society's first president. The ladies gave generously in support of Miss Eliza Neville when she was the church's representative in China. Miss Heindel and Mr. Hopper were given hearty encouragement. Local projects carried out by the ladies include new cushions for the church in 1935 and again currently; the sponsoring of Bible instruction in the Indiantown and Hemingway High Schools (1943); present teacher is Mrs. Julian Hanna (Cleva Rhame); silver, china, and linen tablecoths have been bought for the Fellowship Building; young people have been taken to Presbyterian College for placement and aptitude-tests. One of the most fruitful projects achieved by the ladies has been the adoption by the church of a long-range master plan for improvements to the Church Building. Mr. Albert Simons of Simons and Lapham, Architects, Charleston, was engaged to make recommendations and suggest a schedule to be followed in future years. His plan was adopted by the deacons and is being adhered to faithfully. This year, in accord with his advice, new sashes, more in keeping with the original style of the .building, are being installed; wainscoting and window facings are being refinished to match the pews ; and more harmonious lighting fixtures are replacing the old, undistinguished lights. Last year air conditioning was installed. It should be noted that all these improvements have been paid for without indebtedness or borrowing. Indiantown has a representative in the ministry. The Reverend Clarendon · Ervin now of Glade Valley, North Carolina, has given his life to work among the mountain children. The church also takes pride in Miss Frances Ann Buffkin, a graduate of Coker College and the Assembly's Training School in Richmond, who is full time Director of Religious Education and Minister of Music in Darlington, South Carolina. Miss Olivia Cooper, who spent her childhood in our church, is in full time church work in Lumberton, North Carolina. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH 47 Misses. Harriet and Manette McCutchen, daughters of Elder Thomas M. McCutchen, spent their lives in social work in the mill villages of upper South Carolina, for most of the time at Union. The effectiveness of their efforts and the love they merited are symbolized in the Presbyterian church building recently completed in Monarch Mill Village. It is called McCutchen Memorial. Their sister, Miss Laura Eugenia ,McCutchen, though not a professional social worker, helped her sisters and made their dedication possible. Many names in our recent past deserve affectionate mention: Mr. Clarence C. Daniel who joined the Session in 1903 served a full half c~ntury with gentleness and wise understanding. Mr. R. Wheeler Stuckey, originally from Lee County but a resident of the community and member of Indiantown since 1899, served almost as long, first as deacon, then as elder from 1929 until his recent death. Mr. W. Dodd Daniel and Mr. Robert H. Ervin both gave long years of devoted service. Each was a deacon of the church and a member of the Session. Mr. Rob was also Superintendent of the Sunday School for many years. Elder David D. Brown ( 1938-47), also a Superintendent of the Sunday School, is remembered for a deep sincerity and a genuine goodness that was as attractive as it is rare. Mr. Percy D. Snowden, an elder for thirty-nine years; elder Hugh McCutchen, who kept his allegiance to Indiantown and returned each Sunday from his/ home in Kingstree; S. J. Ervin and his son Laurie H. Ervin; Hugh M. Cooper; J. L. Covington; S. D. Snowden; J. M. Williamson; all served faithfully as members of the Session. Currently elder Albert B. Buffkin is treasurer of the Church. Rudolph J. Daniel also has served as treasurer and is now Clerk of the Session. A project of great promise is near realization. The neighboring town of Hemingway and the surrounding countryside give evidence of continuing growth and development. A Presbyterian church in that section has been more and more needed during recent years. The Session of Indiantown has voted unanimously to support the founding of such a church and it is our hope that Indiantown will, in this her bi-centennial contribute both members and funds to the project. A suitable lot has already been bought by Harmony Presbytery. Plans call for a Sunday School building to be used for all services at present, and a sanctuary later as membership and growth demand. Surely a fitting project for our two-hundredth year! �Material for this summary was collected and arranged by James F. Cooper at the request of the Indiantown Bi-centennial Committee. Mrs. John W. Snowden gathered the pictures of former ministers. Mr. Beckman extracted the statistical report from the records of the General Assembly and documents at the Historical Foundation, Montreat. The Indiantown Bi-centennial Committee: Reverend Eugene G. Beckman, Pastor James F. Cooper Mrs. John W. Snowden, Secretary Albert B. Buffkin Mrs. P. D. Bishop Mrs. W. H. Cockfield Mrs. Ronald C. Daniel Samuel J. Ervin 48 �MINISTERS OF INDIANTOWN 1768 William Knox, 1768 1783 Thomas Hill, 1785 1785 James Edmonds, supply also in 1788 1787 Thomas Reese, supply, 1788 1788 Robert McColloch, supply, 1789 1789 Robert Finley, supply, 1789 1788 James W. Stephenson, supply 1790 James W. Stephenson, 1808 1808 Andrew Flinn, D.D., 1810 1811 Daniel Brown, 1815 1817 John Covert, 1818 1819 Robert W. James, 1827 1828 Josiah Powers, stated supply, 1828 1828 John McKee Erwin, 1834 1835 Andrew G. Peden, 1838 1839 George H. W. Petrie, stated supply, 1839 1840 H. B. Cunningham, 1843 1843 J. P. McPherson, 1852 1852 W. H. Singletary, occasional supply, 1855 1852 William Donnelly, occasional supply, 1852 1853 A. L. Crawford, 1857 1858 James Ruet Gilland, 1867 1867 James McDowell, 1867 1870 G. W. Boggs, supply without charge, 1870 1870 William Banks, supply, 1870 1871 G. Morgan, without charge, 1872 1872 A. Ross Kennedy, 1875 , 1877 W. S. P. Bryan, supply, 1877 1879 Henr.y Gibbs Gilland, 1889 1889 W. S. Hamiter, supply, 1889 1891 J. E. Dunlop, 1898 1900 Frank H. Wardlaw, 1902 1903 J. B. Branch, supply, 1903 1904 H. T. Darnall, 1907 1908 A. C. Bridgman, 1911 1912 Frank H. Wardlaw, 1914 1915 W. R. Pritchett, 1927 1929 E. C. Clyde, 1937 1939 William H. Hamilton, 1942 1943 C. J. Matthews, 1949 1949 E. G. Beckman MINISTERS FROM INDIANTOWN W. H. Singletary Robert Harvey Lafferty Clarendon Ervin Thomas Dickson Baird, D.D. Robert W. James Robert George McCutchen FULL-TIME RELIGIOUS WORKERS Miss Olivia Cooper Miss Frances Ann Buffkin RULING ELDERS OF INDIANTOWN Samuel J. Wilson, elected 1819-resigned 1834 David D. Wilson, elected 1827-resigned 1834, re-elected 1836, resigned 1861 William Daniel, elected 1835-d. 1859 Samuel Scott, elected 1835-retired 1853 Alex. Knox, elected 1836-inactive John M. Fulton, elected 1837-moved 1845 J. B. Pressley, serving 1841-inactive Samuel J. Snowden, elected 1849-retired 1857 R. H. Wilson, elected 1849-d. 1860 Wm. F. Blakely, elected 1849-resigned 1851 Major John James, 1757-d. 1791 Robert Wilson (b. 1710), 1757 David Wilson (b. 1742)-d. 1812 Robert Wilson (b. 1737)-d. 1813 John McFaddin, serving 1792 Capt. John James, serving 1792-d. 1825 George McCutchen, serving, 1819-d. 1826 James Daniel, serving 1819-d. 1826 David Wilson, serving, 1819-moved 1826 George Barr, elected 1819-resigned 1834 again active 1853-d. 1860 Hugh Hanna, elected 1819-inactive after 1824, d. 1841 George McCutchen, Jr., elected 1819-resigned 1834 49 �so AN HIS'I'ORICAL SK~'I'CH James McCutchen, elected 1853-d. 1897 W. C. Barr, elected 1853-resigned 1861 D. D. Barr, continued, 1854-resigned 1861 James D. Daniel, elected 1862-d. 1870 Dr. Jos. S. Cunningham, elected 186&d. 1925 Dr. Jos. A. James, elected 1868-moved 1884 F. N. Wilson, elected 1871-moved 1876 William J . Daniel, elected 1871-inactive, d. 1871 W . D. Knox, elected 1876-moved 1880 J . D. Daniel, elected 1881-moved 1893 · Thos. M. McCutchen, elected 1883-d. 1893 Percy D. Snowden, elected 1883-d. 1922 Hugh McCutchen, elected 1898-d. 1920 W . D. Owens, elected 1898-moved 1905 D. E. McCutchen, elected 1903-d. 1933 C. C. Daniel, elected 1903-d. 1953 H. M. Cooper, elected 1917-d. 1942 M. W. Rogers, elected 1917-d. 1931 R. W. Stuckey, elected 1929-d. 1957 W. Dodd Daniel, elected 1932-d. 1944 S. J. Ervin, elected 1932-d. 1937 J. L. Covington; elected 1932-d. 1939 S. D. Snowden, elected 1938-d. 1938 J . M. Williamson, elected 1938-d. 1951 W. G. Burrows, elected 1938-serving D. D. Brown, elected 1938-d. 1947 R. H. Ervin, elected 1938-d. 1946 L. R. Ervin, elected 1938-d. 1943 A. W. Ragsdale, elected 1942-serving R. E. Covington, elected 1945-inactive A. B. Buffkin, elected 1945-serving J. C. McCutchen, elected 1947-serving R. J. Daniel, elected 1947-serving L. H. Bartell, elected 1947-serving R. M. Stuckey, elected 1947-serving C. P. Snowden, Jr., elected 1947-serving Jasper Tanner, elected 1956-serving R. C. Gamble, elected 1956-serving C. H. Bartell, elected 1956-serving George Stuckey, elected 1956-serving KNOWN TRUSTEES OF INDIANTOWN CONGREGATION Serving in 1763: Major John James Hugh Ervin Serving in 1793: Capt. John James John Wilson Serving in 1820 : John McGill 1 Serving in 1823: Benjamin Britton Hugh McCutchen John Gotea 2 DEACONS OF INDIANTOWN Elected : 1849 J. C. Wilson R. D. Wilson L. W . Nesmith 1874 T. M. McCutchen, elected elder in 1883 J. C. Josey Julian Wilson 1894 James F. Cooper, Church Treas., d. 1914 M. W. Rogers, elected elder 1917 1898 W . C. Snowden, d. 1912 1906 R. H. Ervin, Church Treas., elected Elder 1938 1909 R. W . Stuckey, elected elder 1929 J . A. Cunningham, Ch. Treas. d. 1938 Elected: 1917 R. E. Wilson, d. 1948 1929 W. D. Daniel, elected Elder 1932 W. R. Graham, rotated 1954 1921 L. R. Rollins, moved 1928 T. D. Gamble, d. 1948 1933 D. D. Brown, elected Elder 1938 J. M. Williamson, elected Elder 1938 W. G. Burrows, elected Elder 1938 R. J. Hanna, rotated 1954 S. D. Snowden, elected Elder 1938 1938 J. C. McCutchen, elected Elder 1947 R. J. Daniel, elected Elder 1947 S. J. Ervin, Jr., rotated 1956 George Stuckey, elected Elder 1956 James Stuckey, rotated 1954 1 The Administrators of George White's estate paid $12.00 to John McGill, as Trustee for the Indiantown Congregation. 2 Named in deed from John Gordon, Jr. to the Indiantown Congregation for the lands formerly granted to Joseph White. .. �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH Elected: 1939 R. C. Gamble, elected Elder 1956 C. P. Snowden, Sr., rotated 1956 L. H. Bartell, elected Elder 1947 1945 Henry C. Nelson, rotated 1954 Jasper Tanner, elected elder 1956 J. L. Rollins, rotated 1954 1947 J. J. Marsh, d. 1948 P. D. Snowden, rotated 1955 Dewey Eaddy, rotated 1954 · S. J. Hanna, rotated 1955 Ronald C. Daniel, rotated 1955 P. D. Bishop, rotated 1954 1955 Thos. Baxley, serving Elected: 1955 C. H. Bartell, elected Elder 1955 Harry White, serving W.W. McCullough, serving 1956 Thos. P. Mitchell, serving Pearless Snowden, serving James Stuckey, serving Benj. Stuckey, serving Richard Gamble, serving 1957 John S. Bartell, serving . J. E. Doster, serving ' R. A. Holt, serving Roland Stuckey, serving 51 �INDIANTOWN CHURCH ROLL IN 1819 ET SEQ. Page 1 A Catalogue of the Members of Indiantown Church Explanation: Those names having the Letter D attached to them Designate members Dead. Those with the Letter M, Persons Removed. Those with the Letters Sus., Members Suspended. Those with the Letters Ex, Members Excommunicated. Those with the Letters Dis., Members Dismissed. Page 2 BAPTISED MEMBERS MEMBERS IN FULL COMM.U NION James S. Wilson, M Thomas E. Wilson, M Robert M. Wilson, M 1820 Samuel A. Wilson, M 1822 David S. Wilson, D Sarah B. McCrea Esther L. McCrea, M Mary E. McCrea Alexander Cunningham Alexander McCrea Margaret E. McCrea Eliza C. McCrea Francis J. McCrea 1821 Thomas W. McCrea 1823 John S. McCrea 1819 Jane M. McDonald James McFaddin Hugh McCutchen Elizabeth McCutchen, D Thomas McCutchen, D Nancy McCutchen, D David Wilson, M Sarah F. Wilson, M Thomas McCrea, D Esther McCrea Elizabeth Mcilveen, M, D 1822 Jane McCrea Martha Brown Enos McDonald, M Mary McDonald, M Elizabeth Gotea Mary McConnel, D John Graham, Sr., D 1821 Samuel N. Graham, M William Graham, D Susanna Graham, D Samuel Scott Jannet Scott Agness Singletary Mary G. Brown Sarah Brown, D James McCants Elizabeth McCants, D Alexander McCants Martha McCants Hugh Hannah, Sr., D Elizabeth Hannah, D John Hanna, D Page 3 1819 Elizabeth McDonald John Gotea, D William Gotea, D Sarah Gotea John J. Gotea, D John Graham, Jr., D Elizabeth M. Gotea Aaron F. Graham, M Samuel E. Graham, M Jane M. Graham Susannah K. Graham Sarah E. Graham William J. Graham John F. Graham Daniel B. Graham Charles N. Graham William Hannah Hugh Hannah, Jr., D Page 4 1819 Alexr. W. ]. Graham Samuel Singletary, D 52 �lNDIAN'l'OWN Pu~sBY'l'ERIAN CHURCH MEMBERS IN Fuu. COMMUNION Jane Barr, D William McFaddin Mary McFaddin, D Mary McCrea, D Elizabeth Graham, D Samuel McGill Mary A. McGill, M John McGill, M 1821 Margaret S. McGill, M John James, D John T. James, M Elizabeth James, D 1821 William E. James, M Mary E. James, M BAPTISED MEMBERS Samuel D. Singletary, D Agnes K. Singletary Ebenezer Singletary, Jr., D James D. Singletary 1820 John D. Singletary 1824 William H. Singletary Robert Brown Moses W. Brown James Brown 1823 John Brown Sarah Brown Mary Brown Sarah Hannah, D James H. Hannah Page 5 Samuel James, Ex, D James Barr, Sus., D John Price, M Jane Price, M Elizabeth Graham, D Mary Ferrell, D 1821 Robert G. Ferrell, M Cothenia Ferrell James Daniel, D Martha Daniel, D Jennet Daniel, D Jane Daniel, D Samuel J. Wilson, M Elizabeth Wilson, D Celia Owens, Dis. Peter Owens, D Samuel Green, D Georg W. Hannah Samuel D. Hannah Joseph F. Hannah 1819 Calvin Hannah 1821 Elizabeth A. Hannah John A. Daniel, M 1819 Margaret Daniel, D William J. Daniel Margaret Daniel, Jr. Susannah Jolly Jane Thompson, D 1819 Mary S. Barr 1821 Elizabeth W. Barr, D William M. McFaddin, D Mary A. McFaddin, D Jane E. McFaddin Sarah M. McFaddin Page 6 Mary Green Jane Gordon Jane Wilson, Jr., D William Gordon, D · John Barr, D · Lydia Thompson, D John J. McColough, D George McCutchen, Sr., D George McCutchen, Jr., M Eliza. W. McCutchen, D Georg Barr Jennet Barr, D 1822 George A. Barr, D Margaret Jolly, D Hugh Paisley, Sus., D Jane Dick Mary McCottry, D John T. McFaddin Robert McFaddin Mary McFaddin 1819 Henry E. McFaddin Sarah Paisley Susannah D. Paisley Jane G. Paisley, D William Thompson Alexander Thompson Elizabeth Thompson Alexander Thompson, Jr., D Thomas S. Thompson Robert G. Thompson John S. Dick Agnes Daniel Martha Daniel Esther E. Daniel, D 53 �54 AN HISTORICAL SKETCH Page 7 MEMBERS IN FULL COMMUNION Mary B. McCottry William Daniel Esther Daniel, D Hannah Gordon, D Margaret A. James, M Thomas Mcilveen, M Catharen Mcilveen, M John Gordon, Jr. Mary Gordon John Gordon, Sr., D Jennet Gordon, D Jane Wilson, Sr., D David D. Wilson Mary Wilson, D Samuel N. Snow, M Margaret Snow, M Henraetta Snow, M BAP'l'IS!tD MEMB!tRS Hannah G. Daniel, D Sarah M. Daniel 1821 James D. Daniel Mary W. McCutchen Martha M. McCutchen, D 1822 George McCutchen Robert M. McCutchen, ·D Elizabeth Hannah, Jr. John J. McFaddin Hugh McFaddin Mary Scott Jannet M. Scott Sarah Scott, D Joseph W. Scott 1820 Rebecca C. Scott Mary E. McCutchen Jane E. McCutchen Page 8 William W. Britton, M Sarah Britton, Jr., M Benjamin Britton, D Sarah Britton, Sr., D Margaret Mcilveen, M Sarah Green, D 1823 Agnes Barret, D 1823 Sarah B. McCrea 1823 Elizabeth L. James, M 1823 Hannah Green, M 1823 Elizabeth Mcilveen, D 1824 Elizabeth A. McGill, M 1824 Elizabeth Barino, M 1824 Adam Smith, Sus., D 1824 Jane Isabella James, D 1825 Stephen Carter, M 1825 Samuel Green, M 1825 Margaret McConnel, D 1827 Thermutis. Cooper 1829 Ann Gregg, D 1829 Agnes Daniel 1829 Martha Daniel 1829 Elvira Daniel 1829 Margaret N easmith, D 1829 Alexander McCrea, D 1829 Jane J . McKnight 1829 Agness K. Singletary, M 1829 Sarah A. B. Singletary, M 1829 Sarah Gotea . Margaret M. McCutchen 1820 Elizabeth McCutchen 1821 George McCutchen 1822 John M. McCutchen, D Robert G. McCutchen Joseph W. McCutchen Mary J. McCutchen Thomas McCutchen Eleanor Nesmith Margaret Nesmith · 1821 Sarah W. Britton, M Jane J. Wilson, D Robert H. Wilson 1819 David E. Wilson 1821 Mary A.H. Wilson, D James Gordon David Gordon William M. Mcilveen, D Roger Gordon, M Page 9 1820 Mary E. McGill, M 1823 Martha W. McGill, M Elizabeth M. Wilson Robert D. Wilson Elizabeth A. McGill Jannet L. McGill . Drucilla McGill, D Mary M. McGill Jane C. McGill 1819 Samuel D. McGill 1821 William W ; McGill �INDIANTOWN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH MitMBltRS IN FULL COMMUNION 1829 Mary M. McGill, M 1829 Sarah Ann James, M 1829 William Pressley, D 1829 Elizabeth Pressley, M 1829 Elizabeth M. Pressley, M 1829 John J. Clark, D 55 BAPTISED MEMBERS 1822 Mary A. S. McGill Elizabeth L. James Sara A. James 1819 James A. McCants 1824 ( ? ) Martha M. McCants Mary Ferrel, D Page 10 1829 Jane P. Clark 1829 Samuel E. Graham, M 1829 Martha M. Graham, M 1829 Margaret E. McCrea, M 1829 Jane E. McFadden 1829 Elizabeth Mc. Wilson, D 1829 Sarah R. J. Snowden 1829 Jane T. Barr, D Liza Dick John Dixon, D William P. Hort, M Samuel J. Snowden 1830 Dorcas Knox 1830 George Cooper 1830 Mary E. McCutchen 1830 John Singletary, M 1830 Ebenezer Singletary, Sus Ticen Ferrel, M William Graham Ferrel 1819 David Flavel Wilsori, M 1821 James Alexander Mc Cants Martha McCants 1819 Alexander James McCants 1821 John Thomas Mc Cants John Alexander McCullough, M William Nathaniel McCullough, M Mary Jane McCullough, M Samuel James McCullough, M 1823 John C. Barr, D 11823 John E. Hannah, D Sarah E. Wilson Henry Mcllveen, M Pamelia Mcilveen, M Rebeccah Mcilveen, D Page 11 John Pressley Jane Heddleston 1830 John G. McKnight 1830 Alexander Cunningham 1830 James Green, M 1830 Sarah McFaddin 1830 Jane McCutchen 1831 Elizabeth Hannah 1831 William F. Blakely Elizabeth H. Erwin, M Leonora Montgomery, M Ann Cunningham Julina McCutchen Mary W. McCutchen, M 1832 Thomas McConnell Sarah McFadden James, M 1825 John Calvin Wilson 1825 John Jay James, M 1825 Alexander James McCrea Robert James Gotea, D 1825 Mary Susannah Gordon 1825 Mary Thomson Hannah 1825 Margaret Jane Gotea 1825 Daniel Dwite Barr 1825 Elizabeth Scott Gordon 1825 William Friendly Gordon, D 1826 Elizabeth McCottry McCutchen 1826 Amanda Magdaline McGill 1826 Robert William Brown 1826 William McCutchen 1826 William Henry McCrea Page 12 1832 Ezra W. Green, M 1832 Willm J. Cooper 1832 David Nesmith 1832 James Pressly, D 1827 Samuel Isaih Wilson, D 1827 William Chalmers Barr Mary Luiza Wilson 1827 Luiza McGill Scott The roll from 1819 till 1822 appears to have been grouped by families with a few names of members joining after 1819 inserted before the whole was entered in the official record. After 1823 names were added in the year members were received into the church. The dates are extracted from the full Sessional Record, and are not a part of the original roll. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Indiantown Presbyterian Church 1757-1957 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1757-1957 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James F. Cooper Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Indiantown Bicentennial Committee Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Cathy Boyd Barber https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/6d708a2682faba53d58fd91932ad4ce5.jpg 78e084b2b6b8f8583b4ada665ef39b9f https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/1ea971c5dbe9e3cae539c59b320bb05f.jpg a1b3b3f0332c07417812a7b9224baf7d https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/91d1f5bfa71c2f6f611d9ed46752906c.jpg 60da6deecdf4e6c955d670769c37ecba https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/7f48b5759bcd55a8860c70823ee74936.jpg 118c3a4af59e43608f54c007be44b9d2 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/b3e552fbd836bf21fdd164feb96de11e.jpg 23cd35469ea5afbad73a27153bd938e1 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/c335368d2d69f3860daf8eb3f975543a.jpg ed8d9144094e7ba5574765d38cb2acc8 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/98409d2ae5b992e86bd96e597f6d3a06.jpg d13b17aa33661bef7f5fabf9a8729b1e https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/bcff1ee2b0848ff12e9e55d6f9e60cba.jpg f93b8fc720114c3afce370e19e84dfe6 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/30b13de372c5a24ffc4bd2249ba8174a.jpg c72693c1046c2a786324656fe6d38e68 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/0e696bd5fe9c378bf4f164c312c6fa6f.jpg 88d892e533b78c4dd9c7cb21982745df https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/ef02772cab20e89f9ac69d4881000c3d.jpg e42139f4fea08af6d173028102e68871 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/1164af503ed4a905dfe739cbbdd05520.jpg ee34ac17cf4bc6301c0dccdecd634d5d https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/45d84703f2dc8db6beca0a98dab32d64.jpg 608b6c5ec0745aa0f3d62dd6c4dadfa3 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/cd3a58c16aaf5b57285aef69dea47edf.jpg 6db64131046ef9ee1808d2d150d528db https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/ff1afbcb65649e73d09e3cbc230993b7.jpg 47d1bac3f2c13a328e7506bd9867409e https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/c889b51d0645318cd9be3c638bfac54d.jpg 97dc9e245caebcd92d0229e7b2f2b63c https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/41003b590057bc67daf527164229b1dd.jpg f4db879772db0f90d945f0fac6106716 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/c7918335f627e2c07f169ce4106dc660.jpg 46d76338aaa362aba2969e49aa59b00f https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/efcaedec8cc9b3ae19802f55fe4dedf5.jpg 3efd7d4c04192302a3f066996be453f8 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/4899f553bab079c0a62e01a34f8d7ad1.jpg 339af9c3a6d887ea30572f1ddaa7711e https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/76454e137d75784330da01622d76990b.jpg 1e699385de36058e33956c6c14da3230 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/0642e959ad24242d8c217be9451f22e1.jpg 6f0e160d57b97e29769eecba2007f9cf https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/0c0dae0e7987324afe8b0c166d0b0761.jpg 608b6c5ec0745aa0f3d62dd6c4dadfa3 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/8190b53ba7df65a9113bb6d010cb667c.jpg d75ba3f39b74153093e2bc55ba59cf2f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Local Business Receipts circa 1958 Description An account of the resource Local business receipts written out to the Huggins family circa 1958. Business included are: Lentz Service Station Haselden Brothers Johnsonville Plumbing Company TV Radio Service Order Saw Man Huggins Johnsonville Hardware and Appliance Company Hemingway Hardware Co Z. H. McDaniel Brown Brothers Supply Company Pasley Brothers Harry B Cox Groceries B.A. Cox and Son Ards Crossroads Cox Garage Snowden's Auto and Electric Cox Brothers Garage Huggins Brothers Lumber O.C. Eaddy Work Shop Automotive Parts Company Cribb Lumber Supply W.B. Harmon and Company Hemingway Welding Shop Williamsburg Building Supply Cox Garage Mechanical Blackwell's Mill Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1958 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Nancy Huggins Staton https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/671d42f44a1f331112c0f6c091c903d7.jpg 1c198997b7119ece5fd7c9f1374e736f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John J Altman named first Postmaster of Vox, 1891 Description An account of the resource John James Altman is named first Postmaster of Vox on August 25, 1891. He was followed by Eldridge F. Prosser in 1893. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1891 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832-1971. NARA Microfilm Publication, M841, 145 rolls. Records of the Post Office Department, Record Group Number 28. Washington, D.C.: National Archives https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/0336ffe4382e986a38fa4a78a1c36cfd.jpg 72854a33281d66e18468e2356d652520 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Appointment of Johnsonville's first Postmaster, 1843 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1843 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Record of Appointment of Postmasters, 1832-1971. NARA Microfilm Publication, M841, 145 rolls. Records of the Post Office Department, Record Group Number 28. Washington, D.C.: National Archives https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/756a28f483c717c48422b436aa80437f.jpg a1b484ccf67ed0e1cdd73dcef6f08655 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource The Promised Land - Hand Drawn Map of the Area Description An account of the resource Map insertion from the cover of The Promised Land by Elaine Y. Eaddy Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1976 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Elaine Y. Eaddy https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/8db943fa2ae18fc4398fccdf69262695.jpg 50dd32dfa1d09cab5e8b5a5d532c962e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Williamsburgh District Map - 1825 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1825 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Robert Mills https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/5009e4626c8d8a33bf84c9f88254f829.pdf 263f08cfa8f9b4d6d31baec420447c3e PDF Text Text This is the “Memoirs of Judith Grier” whose grandfather was John Tillman of the Ark Plantation. It is believed that Ms. Grier was born at the Ark Plantation in Surfside Beach. This document was donated to the town by Stan Barnett, from Mount Pleasant, a descendant of Judith Grier. Chapter 1 Way back in 1857 about four months before your grandmother was born, her great-great grandmother and her grandmother Dukes came to live with her father, Squire Grier. Old grandmother, as they always called her, great-great grandmother, was a young married woman at the outbreak of the Revolutionary War. It is not known where she lived before her marriage, but your grandmother said it seemed to her that old grandmother came from the north. She was a Cartier. However, she lived on a big plantation on the Waccamaw River at the time of the war. She had the honor of shaking hands with President Washington during his trip through this country. Some say he even dined at her home on the river, but that may not be true. In fact, if the great Washington dined everywhere rumor says he did, he must have been truly great, and in more ways than one. After her second marriage, she moved to Petersfield and lived there until she came to live with her grandson. Her daughter, Mary Tillman, who had long been dead when old grandmother came to Squire Grier’s, was married to a Mr. Covan, a Frenchman. There is a story we have always loved to hear your grandmother tell of this marriage. At Halloween, a year before her marriage, several young girls were spending the night together and decided to try their fortunes with a mirror. Mary took her turn and after performing the preliminary rites stood looking in the mirror. At first there was nothing but her own face, then gradually, it faded and the outlines of a table appeared with an open trunk upon it. Then, from out of nowhere came the glare of a dark haired, dark eyed young man who leaned on the trunk and gazed straight into her eyes. As was befitting and proper in those days, she promptly fainted. Page | 1 �A month or two later she and her mother went north, shopping and visiting. They entered a store and immediately Mary saw displayed on the table an open trunk, which she recognized as the very trunk she had seen in the mirror. As she looked and wondered a young man with dark hair and eyes entered, leaned on the trunk and looked into her eyes. That night at a ball they met and their wedding followed shortly. Elizabeth Covan, your grandmother’s grandmother, was her only child. Elizabeth was brought up mainly by her grandmother, old grandmother, for her father died when she was very small and her mother married again. So old grandmother’s home at Petersfield was also the home of Elizabeth, old grandmother always called her Betsy. In her old days, when she became blind and helpless, old grandmother made her home with Betsy who was a grandmother herself by that time. Elizabeth, also, was married three times. Men must have been very plentiful in those days, or else, my girls, you must be descended from a line of irresistible vamps. Her first husband, James Marion Grier, is the one of most interest to us. The night Elizabeth Covan was born was wet and stormy. Mr. Grier, who was married to his second wife at this time, had been up the river on business. He was returning home and took refuge from the night and weather at the Covan plantation. His wife and Mrs. Covan were very good friends and often visited each other. This night, however, Mr. Covan told him there was no room for him in the house. But, as he could go no farther owing to the storm, Mr. Covan had the washroom warmed up and a bed put in there for him. The next morning he came to the house before leaving and asked to see the little girl. He took her in his arms, asked how much she weighed, kissed her and went on his way. Fifteen years later, he married her. He was a merchant in Georgetown and also had a large rice plantation on the Waccamaw. He had a good overseer in charge of his plantation for he lived in Georgetown. He also had a summer house on North Island. On Election Day in September 1822, the time of the big storm as it was called, your great-great grandfather Grier went in a sailboat from North Island to Georgetown. He was a man of afffi8ars and of importance in Georgetown and was detained in town after the election although he had intended reaching the island before dark. Before he Page | 2 �could leave the storm began to brew and he knew it would be death to be caught by the wind and waves in that open boat. The darker it grew, the wilder the storm became. The people in the smaller cottages on the island and the one living close to the shore took refuge in the lighthouse or in the home of your ancestor. It was larger and more substantially built than some of the others as well as being in a more protected position. All night long the storm raged. The waves dashed over the house. Amid the roar of the wind and the clash of the thunder could be heard the snapping and cracking of timbers as each furious wave took its toll. The waves were dashed against the large house and entered the smallest crack and crevice until everyone and everything in it were drenched. The house creaked and groaned but it held together although its inmates thought each minute might be the last. Every house, except the lighthouse, Mr. Grier’s house, and on other that was sheltered by a hummock, was washed out to sea. All three of Elizabeth’s husbands were wealthy and each left his property to her so she had plenty to live on. She had several stepchildren who were very dear to her, but she had only one son herself, your great grandfather Grier. At the death of her last husband, she was persuaded that the best thing she could do was to break up housekeeping and move to the home of her only son, Squire Grier. Her step children tried to persuade her to remain in the home of her last husband at Petersfield, promising to look after her and the plantation, but she and old grandmother moved. She left her house, full of fine old furniture, just as she had always lived in it. Her son did not need it. He promised to send for it and store it on his place, but failed to do so. Lather the old home was burned, and with it all her furniture, furniture that today would be worth a fortune. Old grandmother at the time of the move had been blind for forty years and deaf for nearly the same length of time. She was now a tiny little woman who lay on her bed all day. Although she could see nothing and hear only when shouted at, she was quickwitted and as sensible as she ever had been and remained so until her death. At the Squire’s she was carried in to the big room downstairs and put on a bed near the big fireplace where she could be kept war, for it was the middle of the winter. Page | 3 �As spring advanced and the arrival of your grandmother was expected daily it was decided to carry old grandmother upstairs to share the room with her granddaughter, Betsy. They told old grandmother they were moving her and thought she understood, but evidently she failed to catch the meaning of their message. A neighbor was called in and he lifted old grandmother as if she were a baby. She, sensing that a stranger had her, began to struggle and cry out. Her granddaughter was patting her and shouting at her trying to explain, but to no avail. All the house slaves and all the children were drawn to the passage by the outcries. She kicked and screamed all the way upstairs which delighted the little darkies as much as it frightened the children of the family. When placed on her bed with Betsy close by, she finally calmed down. It was there she lay for the last four years of her life. Another member of the family was Blind Uncle, as your grandmother always called him. He was her father’s uncle who had made the Squire’s his headquarters when he was a gay young bachelor with plenty of means and health for a life of pleasure. A regular Beau Brummel in his youth and middle age, he spent much time in Charleston or up north a pleasuring around and having a good time. As he gradually become blinder and blinder he made his home entirely with his nephew. He sat most of the time in the sun with his dogs close by. He had his own Negroes with him so he was no care for anyone. There were besides these three, at the time of your grandmother’s birth, five girls and two boys with their father and mother in the home. Chapter 2 Your grandmother, Judith Crosby Grier, was born on the 21st of May 1857. Blind Uncle named her Judith. His favorite sister, who died when she was a young girl, was named Judith. He had begged as each of the older girls were born to be allowed to name her. So they let him name the baby. He said she should have the finest family of Negroes he had and one thousand dollars when he died. He made his will to that effect. Page | 4 �No one had time the next morning to tell old grandmother of the new arrival but in the morning she called: “Betsy, Margaret has a little girl.” Betsy shouted, “Yes.” “Bring her here,” commanded old grandmother. So the tiny baby was carried upstairs and placed in the arms of her great-great grandmother. The old lady cuddled the baby close to her, felt her little face and hands, then pulled up her long clothes to feel her little legs. Satisfied finally that the baby was all she should be, she cuddled her up again and tried to croon to her. It was with reluctance that she at last parted with the baby. Every morning after that she insisted that little Judy be brought up to her. That visit of the wee, wee baby to the old, old lady became a regular part of the morning routine. The old lady called her Judy and Judy she has remained until this day—much to her disgust. As she grew older she learned to go up the stairs and to the bed where the old grandmother lay. When little Judy was four years of age the old lady died. The little girls, tiny as she was, slipped several times into the room where she lay, turned down the sheet, touched her, and tried to make her answer her call. There was no fear in the presence of death. Blind Uncle tried to figure out her age and decided she must have been at least 120 or 125 years old Your grandmother’s father, Thomas Rothmaler Grier, was a very large man. For many years before his death he weighed over 300 pounds. You have seen the old vest your grandmother has that he wore. It is as large as two ordinary sized vests. The big chair which he had made especially for him is out in the shop now. Your father used it for years. The rockers are worn almost through and it has been re-bottomed many times but it is still strong. The Squire was a stern, quick-tempered old man. Everyone yielded him the cup when it came to swearing. It is still a by-word in this country concerning anyone who is very fluent when it comes to the use of “cuss” words that “he can cuss most as good as the Squire.” The children all feared him greatly, all but little Judy who was his pet and plaything. Page | 5 �When he was first married he lived on a small plantation near the present site of Hemingway where Mr. White Johnson now lives. But the larger two story house in which he lived has long since been torn down. Soon after he married he attended the auction of Col. Alston’s furniture from his plantation on the Pee Dee River. He bought for a small sum the six legged sideboard, or low boy, that your grandmother now has, and for which she has been offered large sums. The old sideboard has been made in England of solid walnut. Much of the hand carved trimmings has come off, but it is a fine old piece of furniture yet. Later the Squire moved to the old home at Petersfield. He livered here only a few years for the plantation at Johnsonville was given to his wife by her father. A fortune in slaves was also given her. They remained at Johnsonville as long as they lived. The Johnson plantation was part of the original grant to John James. William Johnson Sr. had bought a part of this grant from the heirs of John James. He also purchased a portion of the land granted to the Witherspoons. It was part of the Witherspoon grant that was given to your grandmother’s mother. Your grandmother has all the old grants, deeds and plats. The old house had two stories with the first floor very high off the ground. There were two large main rooms downstairs with two shed rooms built off from them at the back. Upstairs were a small room and a large one. The small room as called “Pa’s room,” while the large room was “Grandmother’s room.” The dining room and the kitchen were connected with the main part of the house by an open cross passage way. Here the family generally ate during the summer and it was the favorite gathering place for the whole family. Besides running the large plantation, the Squire had the largest inland store between Georgetown and Marion. His state was about seven miles from the nearest landing; most of the larger stores were closer to the river for greater convenience in getting their goods. The Squire’s biggest business, however, was money lending, always with good security, either in land or slaves. The Squire had the reputation of being a hard man, and he never did let anyone get anything that belonged to him. He was considered the wealthiest man in the country. Although he exacted his dues from Page | 6 �all the able-bodied, he never turned a deaf ear to the widowed or helpless. He name made any ado about his kindness, but those in want knew where to turn. Every morning, assisted by his body slave, a “boy” who had belonged to him since he was small, he mounted his horse and rode over the whole plantation. Even though he was very stout and it was a difficult job to get him on his horse, he rode as erectly as he ever did. No detail on the farm was too small to escape eye, and everything must be in its proper place. The darky who had performed his task well and faithfully was sure to be rewarded with a kind word, while the darky who had slighted his was just as sure to be rewarded with a “cuss” word or two. After his survey of the plantation, he went to the store where he spent the remainder of the day. Her mother was so busy that soon after old grandmother died little Judy went upstairs to sleep with her grandmother and became her special charge, day and night. That is why your grandmother knows so many tales of long ago. She used to ask numberless questions and her grandmother was never too busy to answer her or to tell her stories. At night after they were in bed the two talked a great deal. There were three cooks in the kitchen, or rather kitchens, for in the summer they moved the kitchen into cooler quarters in the yard. The little house in the yard was called the summer kitchen. “Maum” Mary was the head cook. Venus and Silvia were her assistants. Each of these had her own helper. There were also several pick-a-ninnies always at the beck and call of the cooks and their assistants. These were in training to become cooks themselves someday. There were three boys who served the meals and waited on the long table during the meals. These boys also had their tasks to do about the house and were known as house boys. The older children had a nurse who had a general oversight of them, kept their clothes all mended and straight, and trained their Negro girls. The five older girls, Agnes, who was 15 when your grandmother was born; Sarah; Hortense; Julia, and Mary all had a girl of their own. These girls, about the ages of their mistresses, were given to them when they were small. Jim and Mitchell, the two boys, also had their own “niggers” from whom there were almost inseparable. Mitchell and your grandmother Page | 7 �had a nurse, Silvia, all to themselves. There were three Silvias and two Venuses among the house servants. In addition to the cooks, table boys, nurses, and individual servants, three or four girls were on hand at all times to do anything that Ole Miss, Missis, or Master required done. This huge household was fed from the Squire’s kitchen. The Missis, as they called the Squire’s wife, was the mainspring that rant the whole house and kept it regulated. Besides the house, she had charge of the supplies for the plantation Negroes, which was a man-sized job in itself. She also had charge of the spinning and weaving, not only for the household, but for the whole plantation, as well. The big loom house stood in the yard and held the spinning wheels and looms. In summer the spinning wheels were always carried out under the trees near the house. Three spinning wheels were kept running from dawn until dark, summer and winter; and three big looms were kept clacking to furnish cloth for the plantation. Dye, before the war, was brought from the north or abroad and the hanks of yarn from the spinning wheel were dyed before being carried to loom. The carders, too, worked in the yard when the weather was pleasant, preparing the cotton for the spinning wheel. So constant were the whir of the spinning wheel and the clickety-clack of the loom that at night little Judy sometimes awoke and was alarmed at the unnatural stillness. At other times half asleep she seemed to hear the busy buzz, whir, and clack still going on, so accustomed was she to it, and in a drowsy voice she would ask her grandmother why the workers were still at the looms. Every garment was cut by the Missis herself. Cloth was much too precious to allow anyone else to cut it. The garments were made by the fingers of women who were not strong enough for active work. On fine days the seamstresses sat out in the large back yard under the big shade trees. Each had her stool and work basket. On days when the weather did not permit this, the most reliable workers were allowed to carry their work to their own cabins. The others sewed in one corner of the large loom house under the supervision of a trusty old woman. All the Sunday dresses worn by the family were made of “factory cloth,” so called to distinguish it from the cloth woven at home. The best dresses were always spoken of Page | 8 �as Sunday dresses as they were worn chiefly on Sundays. On his trips to Georgetown or Charleston, the Squire frequently brought to the girls a pretty piece of goods for an extra dress. All other garments worn, even the Squire’s suits, were spun, dyed, woven, cut, and made on the plantation. Her mother did a great deal of the family sewing herself at night after the activities of the day were over. Many a night after supper your grandmother says she has seen her sit down with a garment and so expert and quick was she that the garment was completed before bedtime. When she was a very little girl, not long before the war, her father bought a family of slaves at an auction of the Collins estate on the Pee Dee, a woman with several children. On arrival, they were brought to the house for inspection. There was a little girl, Amy, just the age of your grandmother. When Amy’s mother saw little Judy she brought Amy forward and said, “Dis leetle missie maid.” And little missie made she remained, at her side constantly all day and sleeping on a pallet at her bedside at night. Henry, one of Amy’s brothers, was taken into the house as a house boy, and was one of the best, most faithful servants they had. Your grandmother and her brother, Mitchell, were constant companions. They shared the same nurse and as they grew older little Judy began to follow Mitchell wherever he went, so she became a sad tomboy at an early age. Chapter 3 The plantation was an eight horse farm before the war. The original tract given to your grandmothers had been added to by the Squire until a large area adjoining it had been taken in. Much of it was swamp and woodland. The house lot itself consisted of three acres. The Negro quarters took up as much more while there were outhouses innumerable for every conceivable purpose. There were no money crops planted but plenty of food for all: corn; peas, potatoes, and great fields of cane. Cotton was planted only for home use. Page | 9 �Great herds of cattle and droves of hogs, goats, and sheep, as well as large flocks of turkeys, geese, ducks, and chickens roved over the un-cleared land. So the plantation was practically self-supporting. Sugar, flour, and coffee were the only things bought and those were just for use at the big house and the sick among the hands. Sugar for the slaves was obtained by thickening of the cane syrup, for if cooked thick much of the syrup will turn to sugar. The overseer had a cottage about a quarter of a mile from the big house. He had his own garden, hogs, chickens, and barn. The overseer took his orders every morning direct from the Squire. He, in turn, transmitted them to the Negro foreman. He had the general supervision and care of the whole plantation, and the hands while at work, although there was little he was allowed to do on his own initiative, for the Squire directed everything. This was not so on all plantations. Some overseers had almost complete control and authority. The overseer on the Southern plantation was generally a man of the lower classes who owned no land and no slaves. The Negro foreman was a strapping, big Negro buck, John. He was conceded to be the strongest man in the country around. The Squire bought him for five hundred dollars from the Britian’s [sic] estate. His master had died, his mistress has remarried and John did not get on well with his new master. Finally after some grievance, fancied or otherwise, John ran away. The Negroes knew where he was hiding, down among the reeds and brakes of the swamp, and kept in touch with him. Word came to the hands on the Squire’s place for one of them to go to the Square and ask him to go to the Britian plantation and buy John for John had sent word that he’d come home and be a good hand if Marse Grier would just buy him. After receiving the message, the Squire rode over to see John’s owner and straightened things out. When he returned, he sent John word to come on and go to work. Johnson was one of the best hands on the place, strong, willing, and cheerful. He used to swing your grandmother up into a feed basket, lift the basket to his shoulders and carry her at a trot. One of the hands, a grown man, somewhat jealous of the favor always shown John, said one day, “You couldn’t carry me that way.” Page | 10 �John put little Judy down, lifted the man into the basket and carried him apparently without effort into the feed room. He saved your grandmother’s life one. One cold day the Negroes were carrying a torch to the field to start a fire. Attracted by the flaming torch, she followed behind the hands. The wind blew the sparks back and one of them fell on her shoulders. She felt something begin to smart and sting. As she reached up to see what it was, Big John rushed at her and tore her clothes off just as they were beginning to blaze. He bore her triumph-fully to the house. She was unhurt, but it was some time before Big John could use his hands again. They were carefully and gratefully tended by the Mistress herself until every scar was healed. All the shoes worn by the family and the hands were made at home. The hides from cattle raised on the place were tanned and cured by the slaves. None of the Squire’s slaves knew the shoemaker’s trade, so he hired two slaves from a nearby plantation. These were kept at work every day in the little shoe shop. There was a big syrup mill that in the fall was kept busy grinding cane and cooking the juice. The Negroes like to be detailed for this duty. One trusty old darkie had charge of it, but his helpers were often changed. The Squire had corn ground at a mill on the river for his table use, but the Negroes ground out their corn on the hold hand mill. Usually there was a large fire built on the street of the quarters which furnished light as well as heat. Around this the darkies would gather at night after supper with their corn. As they turned the mill they sang. They sang all the familiar old Negro songs; one they were especially fond of was “Wait for the Wagon.” It started off, “Soon Monday morning I’ll wait for my love. We’ll jump in the wagon and all take a ride.” The Squire made a weekly inspection of the Negro quarters, which were placed about a quarter of a mile from the big house. Under his inspection the yards and all outside premises were kept absolutely sanitary. The cabins inside were inspected every week by the Mistress herself. Inside and outside of each cabin was as clean and sanitary as need be and the slaves themselves were a happy, hearty lot. Each cabin had two rooms with a large clay chimney at one Page | 11 �end. Some of the cabins had lean-to’s or shed rooms built on, if the family was very large. Every building in the Negro quarters received a coat of whitewash each year. The cabins were whitewashed inside and out. There were 18 or 20 families in these quarters. Each family had its own garden, potato patch, and chickens. Some even had a hog or two. This was not allowed on every plantation, but at the Squire’s the darkies took a great pride in the possession of their own things. The most industrious had a little patch of hearty annuals blooming in front of the cabin and a vine growing over the door. The growing of these was encouraged by the Mistress for it helped to keep the Negroes contented. Several of these families belonged to Blind Uncle and it was one of these he had named in his will to be given to your grandmother. The Mistress, your great-grandmother, took entire charge of all the sick and ailing. The Negroes were much too valuable to neglect them in any way. If one became very ill or did not respond to her simple remedies, a doctor was called in immediately. An old Negro nurse was installed and the Mistress went to and fro constantly giving every does of medicine herself. Many a night did she sit in one of the little cabins, watching over the sick and suffering and the Negroes adored her. They loved her as much as they feared the Squire. When a new baby was expected the expectant mother was guarded and watched over carefully. The Mistress cut every garment herself for the layette and had them made by the most careful seamstress on the place, Maum Hagar. All arrangements for the confinement were directed by her. Afterwards, both mother and baby received the utmost care and attention. The mother was fed from the Squire’s table for several weeks and often longer if she or the baby proved to be delicate. Negro babies were highly prized. They were more valuable than blooded stock is now. Sometimes there were as many as 12 babies in a year, but each received the same particular attention. All the babies and children too young to be in the fields were left in the big back yard under the shade trees. Two Negro women, too old for regular field work, under the sight of Maum Hagar, had charge of them. The women sat on their stools and Page | 12 �sewed as they watched over their charges. Maum Hagar did the particular sewing while the other women did the coarser work and patched and darned. The little boys played with their sticks, rode them as horses, used them as swords, and found countless other ways of diverting themselves. The little girls made dolls from sticks. They put a rag over a stick, tying it close to one end to make a head, and then with charcoal they drew a face. They made playhouses under the trees, using all the bits of broken glassware and dishes they could find. The house, as outlined on the ground, invariably followed the plan of the house in which they themselves lived. Your grandmother loved to run off, followed by Amy, or led by Amy, to play with them. She thought it was much more fun to play with their stick dolls than with her own China dolls in the house. Maum Hagar always stopped her work when the little white girl came out to play and stayed near where the girls were and quickly repressed any attempt at familiarity. The little colored girls were taught to show due respect to “leetle missie”, while the “leetle missie” herself was taught indirectly not to take advantage of those dependent upon her. Maum Hagar, at all times, kept a keen eye on the behavior of the little darkies, chastising them freely when she should they needed it. When field work was going on she had full control of them. She was responsible for their manners and any misbehavior, rudeness, or act of impoliteness on their part drew down reproof on her head. When the weather was bad the little folks were taken into one corner of the big kitchen. They didn’t enjoy that so much as they were compelled to be quiet and were not allowed to roam around. Christmas morning as soon as breakfast was over the darkies from the quarters crowded up to the back door of the big house. The house servants had already greeted each member of the family with “Crismus gif, Marsa! Crismus gif, Missie!” And each servant had been remembered with a small gift from each member of the family. The personal servants received some nice gift from their own master or mistress. Now, as the Negroes came in from the quarters, the family appeared at the door amid vociferous cries of “Crismus all!” There was a present for everyone, a dress for the older women, a hat or coat for the older men, pipes, tobacco or something fancy for Page | 13 �every one of the others. Blind Uncle always had several pounds of candy, which he distributed among the little colored children. Several hogs were barbecued at the quarters for the Christmas dinner to which were added all the other delicacies which the women had prepared. Each night during Christmas week there was a big dance. Everything would be removed from one cabin. A big bonfire was placed in the yard at a safe distance from the cabin door. A fire was started in the fireplace in the cabin. At dusk the crown began to gather and soon the dance was in full swing. Between dances the crown around the fire would add their voices to the music of the fiddle and the banjo in melodies that could be clearly heard at the big house. While the dancers were resting often the active Negro bucks, who never seemed to tire, would indulge in the buck and wing dance, the Charleston, or a regular jig. These exhibitions were given mainly to show off before some girl whose attention the dancer wished to attract. Often the frolic lasted until dawn, but what did they care? They could sleep all day if they wished. The next night another cabin would be cleared out. “Dance tonight in Cynthy house” was the massage passed around and all able to dance and many who could only look on would be on hand. Negroes from many of the other plantations would come in for these dances. The Squire allowed much freedom during the week’s holiday. On New Year’s Eve the biggest frolic of all was held, the winding up of the whole year. Sometimes special permission was granted during the year for a dance on Saturday night. But this was permitted only very rarely and was considered a great treat. There were a few colored pastors and a few scattered churches for the Negroes. But the slaves preferred, when they went to church, to go to Marsa’s church. Always the back seats or the galleries were reserved for such as wished to come. The Negroes joined the white people’s church and were received in by the white pastor. Your grandmother says she has seen him take many a little Negro baby in his arm and baptize it. This was especially true of the house servants. The field hands attended a little chapel not far from the plantation. When your grandmother was a little girl, on Page | 14 �rainy days she’d sit and watch the water as it poured off the yard and as one big bubble followed another she and Amy would cry, “It’s just like the niggers goi8ng to church. That big fat one is Dicey and that little one is Sissy.” And so they named the bubbles as they followed one another out of sight. The Squire, who was a magistrate, was often called upon to marry couples, white as well as black. Your grandmother remembers one night when six couples came to be married. Henry and Dan, the house boys, stood on each side of the door with great torches to light up the scene. Every man on the place, white and colored, like to fish. The darkies used to spend every minute they could spare at it. Blind Uncle kept at it even after he had given up all other sports. He and his servant, Hardtimes, would go down to the river, Uncle on an old white horse, Sally, with Hardtimes leading her. Hardtimes rowed the boat and Uncle, who [was told by] Hardtimes, knew every good fishing hole, did the fishing. Home they’d come. Hardtimes with one and sometimes two heavy strings of fish, leading old Sally with Uncle on her back. Uncle would sometimes go for a short visit to some of his other kin. Nobody knew when to expect him back, but some day the cry would be raised, “Marse Tom coming! I see his dogs.” And down the road would appear five or six dogs, which everyone knew belonged to Blind Uncle. Then down the road to meet him would stream every child on the place, white and colored. Hardtimes would stop the horse and the children would swarm all over the buggy and finally settle down so they could be driven home. Once hone, they made a dive for Uncle’s pockets for they knew full well they contained something nice for them. He used often to take a group of the children down to a pine grove back of the house. Here he stretched his hammock and rested while they told the children wonderful tales. He guided their hands and taught several of them to make their letters and figures. When he grew tired and lay back in his hammock for a doze, the children hushed their noises, while one kept the flies brushed off with a pine top the others talked in whispers. Page | 15 �Chapter 4 The Squire was a shrewd, far-seeing man. He listened to the rumblings of the thunder of ware; he knew for himself that an awful upheaval was due; and he laid his plans accordingly. Just before the war actually began, he made a trip to Charleston. Your grandmother isn’t sure whether the North Eastern Railroad had its line through Kingstree at that time or not, as she was so small and railroads interested her not at all. If it did, her father very likely drove in a buggy the 30 miles to Kingstree and went by train to Charleston. That was a long and tiresome journey, but not so bad as the one by boat down the Pee Dee to Georgetown and then down the coast to Charleston, which was the way the trip had been made many times. While in Charleston this time, just before the war, he bought one hundred yards of cloth, woolens, ginghams, and homespun, and a large quantity of flour, sugar, and coffee. These supplies, used with care, lasted until the last year of the war. And everything was used with care at the Squire’s for he was a thrifty soul. This merchandise was not put in the store, but kept locked in a room at the house. Your grandmother remembers seeing the rows and rows of cloth and the stack of groceries when she slipped into the room behind some of the older people. Her father was so much overweight that he wasn’t admitted to the army. But there were many members of her mother’s family to do. She has a vivid recollection of her uncle, her mother’s brother, Jim Johnson. He came to the house in full uniform and she had her first sight of a soldier in all his glory. This memory was further impressed upon her by seeing her calm, quite mother clinging to him and weeping bitterly. His servant, March, went with him and stayed at his side during the entire war, returning with him at the end. When they rode off at last they were accompanied far down the road by the boys and Negroes. Even the women followed a short piece, so loath were they to let him leave. Her oldest brother, Tim, was only 14 at the outbreak of the war. He was with difficulty kept at home, but in the last year of the war, when he was 18, the legal age Page | 16 �for enlistment, his father fitted him out for the army. His clothes were packed; his horse, nigger and uniform were all ready when Lee surrendered. The slaves, without exception, proved faithful to their master and home at first. The work on the plantation, at least for the first year, went on just as before. The Negroes knew they were sure of three meals a day, and a roof at night, so the unknown held few attractions for them. It was only when they were stirred up by outsiders that they became discontented. Your great grandfather was a member of the Soldier’s Relief Board and had charge of goods and food sent by the Confederate Government to be given to the needy families of the soldiers. It was given to the families according to the number of dependents in it. Dye was not to be obtained during the way. So after all the supply on hand had been used, it had to be made at home. Your grandmother often followed her mother when she went out to gather material for the dye. With several slaves, she went into the woods and fields where she had them gather the wild indigo for the blue dye and the poke berries for the red. The brown dye was made from walnut hulls before they dried out. And, she thinks, but of this she isn’t sure, that the yellow dye was obtained from the yellow daisies, or the brown-eyed Susans. She doesn’t at this time recall the method of preparing any dye except the blue. But she distinctly recollects seeing the indigo weeds, stems, and leaves put into a large barrel and covered with water. After standing for a period, Negro women removed the weeds, plunging their bared arms deep into the water bringing them out all blue with dye. After the dye was strained, the yarn was dipped in and allowed to soak. When it was removed from the water, it was carried to the branch and thoroughly rinsed in the running water until all the surplus dye was removed. During these troublesome times, Negroes were kept very close on their own plantation. Strand people were not welcome anywhere. Many Negro men had wives and children on other plantations. Visits from one plantation to another was allowed very seldom now and when the slaves did leave their plantation, they had to have a permit from their master and one from the master of the plantation to which they were going. Page | 17 �These permits may have been used before the war, but of this your grandmother isn’t sure. She knows, however, that their use was strictly enforced during the war. The roads were patrolled night and day to keep the slaves from slipping around and to keep strangers from slipping into the quarters. Carpetbaggers, as they were called, were a common menace. They would slip into the quarters, easily spot the restless hands and begin their insidious work. The slaves were told that they were as good as their masters; that they should be getting fabulous wages; that at the close of the war each should be given land and a mule. They were urged to leave home and go elsewhere to better their conditions. To give even the “devil” his due, it must be said that many of the carpetbaggers really believed they were doing the slaves a favor. They had read “Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” and had swallowed it, bait, line, and hook, and they never gave a thought to the fact that the darkies were totally unable to look out for themselves. Such talk, of course, made the slaves unwilling to work. When they were put to work they performed their tasks in a haphazard, listless way that showed their hearts were not in it. Following the Emancipation Proclamation, some of the men, all of them field hands, urged on by outside influence, left their home plantation. These took their families with them. A few of these soon came whining back, having found that board and lodging were not as easily secured as they had thought. Every one of the house servants remained at their work and continued to think of themselves as “Marsa’s niggers.” By this time the country was overrun with stray soldiers who had deserted or were making their way from one military unit to anther; with Negroes who had left their masters and had now no certain way of being provided with the necessities of life; and with unscrupulous poor white trash who had followed in the wake of both armies. It was not safe for women or children to go out unaccompanied by a grown man. The homes along the roads followed by the bands of soldiers were despoiled of everything valuable, as well as of everything edible. Many a cow, hog, or sheep was butchered by the roving soldiers who removed a portion for their immediate use and left the remainder by the roadside to ruin. Chickens were considered their lawful prey. Page | 18 �The ones that could not eaten at once were tied up and carried away for future use. The homes were entered; the pantries cleared of everything appetizing; the silver and the other valuables all were taken by the looters and they left the house in flames. The whole country was being destroyed. The home off the main road were not so molested by the marauding hands of the militia, but the unemployed negroes and white stole all they could find. It was not safe to leave anything outside, chickens, hogs, clothes, tools, anything and everything was taken by the thieves. Great excitement reigned one afternoon at the Grier homestead. Little darkies came streaking through the yard, rolling their eyes and shouting loudly, “Yanks coming.” The hold home was at the end of an avenue, a mile long, off the main road. Up the avenue now trotted a group of blue uniformed men. Henry, the house boy, gave one hasty glance and quickly collected the silver with which the table was always set and the most valuable of the extra pieces and went through the back to the swamp. Here he securely hid his treasures. Your grandmother has some of the solid silver spoons and forks that had belonged to the hold home. They are thin and worn now. At the Squire’s command the horses were quickly led from the stables into the swamp; while the cattle and hogs were driven into the back pasture where the Yanks would have a great deal of trouble hunting them out from among the reeds and underbrush. All the other colored men seized pitchforks, axes, rakes, anything they could use as a weapon and gathered at one end of the porch. It mean little to them that the bluecoated men claimed to be their friends. It meant much to them that Marsa’s life and property were in danger and they intended to defend both. By the time the group of soldiers reached the front gage the Squire with his house boys, all armed, were at the top of the steps awaiting them. The other men with lowered brows and threatening murmurs stood ready for his orders. The leader of the soldiers pulled his cap and with a slight smile at the sign of the forces prepared for him, asked the Squire if he could give them something to eat. Not Page | 19 �to be outdone in politeness by a Northerner, the Squire insisted that they come in. Several of the men were called to feed and water the horses; and while the Northern soldiers made themselves comfortable on the piazza, the Squire went in to make arrangements with his wife to feed them. Venus brandished her rolling pin threateningly, declaring she’d rather use it on them than for them. However, under the directions of the Mistress, an appetizing meal was soon prepared to which the strangers did full justice. When they finished their meal, the captain asked the Squire for his bill, but of course, the Squire refused to be paid. As they were leaving the captain asked if he had seen any of the new money which had just been issued. At the Squire’s reply that he had not, the Federal officer pulled out a five dollar greenback, the first to be seen in these parts, and instated that he take it as a souvenir. In the last year of the way, when your grandmother was seven years old, her baby sister, Pectina, was born, your father’s aunt who lives in Lake City. Chapter 5 Your grandmother to this day has not outgrown her horror of the Radicals as she calls them. The years of reconstruction were so bitterly stamped on her memory. Although she was still small and few incidences stand out in her mind, she received a lasting impression of the horrible and unjust things that were happening to the Southland. When Lee surrendered, the Squire call all his slaves together. His talk was brief and to the point. He told them they were no longer slaves, but free men to go where they wished. As many as desired to remain with him, he said, he’d give them a few acres to share crop for him. Some stayed, many went. Pastures afar are always the greenest, you know. A few of the house servants, allured by the unknown, went off to seek their fortunes in new fields. Venus, with her family, remained for several years. When she received a message from her old mother who had lived on a plantation down the river that she was sick, helpless, and alone, then she took all of her family, except Henry, and went to take care of her. Henry refused to go and remained house boy. Amy and your Page | 20 �grandmother both cried heartily at the parting and were quite inconsolable for some time. Amy considered herself as “Miss Judy’s nigger” until the day of her death. She lived at Petersfield and every year after she was grown until her death three years ago, she made a trip to see “my missie.” After her death, Bossie, her son, came with a message, “Tell my missie I gone on before, but I’ll wait at the gate until she comes so I can help her put on her robe.” Henry stayed at the old home until it was broken up years later. He acted now not just as house boy, but often as nurse, as well. He had a general oversight of all the smaller ones. Often even after your grandmother was a great big girl, when she forgot to wash up before dark, Henry came out and washed her feet for her because she was so sleepy. He always called Aunt Pec his baby for he carried her everywhere he went and his heart was wrapped up in her. When the estate was divided, henry was given a house and a few acres of land by the heirs. There he lived the rest of his days. He was called Henry Williams for his father had belonged to a man by that name. I know all you children remember old Uncle Henry who always stopped for a meal when he came by. He felt that he belonged to all Miss Judy’s children as well as to her. And I think all of Miss Judy’s children felt a sense of responsibility and affection for him. Do you remember the time he was here and said he would take off all of Lynnette’s warts? Her hands were unsightly with them and there were even a few on her feet. He wanted to take them off, so to humor him I told him to go ahead. He had her to court them and write the number on a piece of paper, but not to tell anyone what she had written there. When she had done so, he rolled the little paper into a pellet and swallowed it. He said that very soon the warts would disappear from her hands. After he had touched each one and said something in a mumbling voice, that they would all come out on the inside of him since he had swallowed the, but he didn’t care for he was an old many anyway. The warts did eventually disappear, but I doubt if Uncle Henry had anything to do with it. He said that he had taken off so many warts that all his ‘insides’ that was his way of expressing it, were covered with warts. Page | 21 �He always asked that he be buried in the Grier graveyard at the foot of old Marsa and old Mistress. ‘Twas only last year that he died and at his funeral there were as many white mourners as there were black. We all felt that one who loved us had gone. His “baby,” Aunt Pec, came from Lake City to his funeral. During his last illness, she made many trips to see him and brought him little things to alleviate his sufferings and to tempt his appetite. The Squire lost heavily during the war and with no slaves to help work his plantation, he divided it into small farms. These he either rented to or sharecropped with the Negroes or white people. He was compelled to have them plant cotton as they all wanted a money crop and cotton was the only money crop the South at that time knew how to produce. He hired an overseer or manager to keep up with the famers while he devoted most of his time to the mercantile business. The great store where he did business is still standing in Johnsonville, just this side of Uncle Beauregard’s house. The store stood at the end of the long avenue that led to the house. He also did more lending of money than he did before the war. Chapter 6 The older children, Agnes, Sarah, Jim, and Hortense had a good fundamental education. They with three or four other children from families who lived close by received their training from a teacher brought into the community for that purpose. The teacher was boarded around among his patrons. Agnes, until the age of ten, lived with her grandmother Dukes down the river. Sarah was taken home by her grandmother Johnson when only a wee girl and lived there, a mile from her own home until she was married. She attended school with her sisters. Among the pupils was William Haselden, afterwards Lieutenant Haselden. He and Sarah soon become engaged. The Squire bitterly opposed the match and refused to let her be married from his house as she wished to be. So her grandmother Johnson gave her a big wedding. The Squire did not even attend. The lieutenant left for the army Page | 22 �soon after they were married. When he returned he taught school for a while and was the first teacher your grandmother had. During the war Hortense started up a little school in a tenant house on the plantation. There was no teacher’s license to get or examination to stand for this was a pay school where every pupil paid the teacher a dollar a month. The women, living close around, asked her to teach their children. Your grandmother and her little “nigger” Amy were sometimes allowed the privilege of spending the day there. She learned her letters and made a start at reading. She and Amy used to run through the woods every day to call her sister to dinner. The very thought of those days takes her back until she seems to feel the leaves under her bare feet and see the trees along the path they followed. Her read education began at the age of eight, the year after the war. Her first teacher was her brother-in-law, Lieutenant Haselden. He taught in a little house on what we now call the old Simmons place. She had a three mile walk twice a day. The school took in at nine and let out at four. Of course, they had the regular noon hour in which to rest and play. There were around 18 or 20 pupils in school. For the first time in her life, your grandmother had companions of her own age, sec, and color. Amy had been her only real playmate and while she played a great deal with Mitchell, as they grew older, she wasn’t allowed to follow him around as she did when smaller. Mitchell and his “nigger” didn’t want them always tagging on, either. During the long non hours she enjoyed the company of her schoolmates. She was well grown for her age and generally played with older girls than herself. The plans and games at school were much what would be found on school grounds now: jump rope; thimble; contentment; and a ball game called ‘cat.’ Contentment is an old game, but it is never played now. The players all sit down and the leader says to the first child, “What will content you?” The player answered, “To see Bill stand on his head,” or some such foolish little stunt. Of course, the stunt picked out was the hardest thing for that person to do. The girl who couldn’t sing was made to sing a song. The boy who couldn’t talk plain was made to recite. They derived a great deal of fun from this. Page | 23 �Cat was a girl’s game mainly. The boys scorned to play so simple a ball game. It was played with four girls, two on each side. One was the batter, while the other stood behind the bat to pitch the ball to the batter on the other side and catch it as it was thrown or struck back. On a strike the batters ran from one base to the other while the catcher tried to put out the successful batter. There were playhouses scattered around the edges of the school ground where the younger children played. These houses were very much like the ones the little slaves used to make in the back yard, only the house plans laid off on the ground was a little more ambitious. These were usually following the plans of the largest house they knew of. The older more active girls worked off their energies at cat and jump rope. Thimble, contentment, and the like were kept for rainy days when they had to play in the school house. Baseball, played with a homemade string ball, was the favorite at all times with the boys. The desks were rude, homemade affairs with double seating capacity. The Blueback speller, of course, was the main standby in the book line. It was used not only as a speller, but often as a reader and a language book as well. When a pupil finished the Blueback speller, he knew everything in it from start to finish, which can’t be said nowadays of a pupil concerning a book. Many books are only partially mastered. Each child had his reading lesson individually, but they were classed together as much as possible in the other studies. There were all classes from “b-a, ba” to Vergil and geometry. Every Friday afternoon they had speeches, dialogs, and other entertainments. The very timid and the very young were excused, but all others were expected to be on hand with an offering worthy of the occasion. The older ones often had to read pieces of their own composition on various matters of immediate interest. There was no wealth of entertainment books with pieces easy to learn and just as easy to forget. The recitations given by the older pupils were all of value, most of them classics. The exercises always wound up with a spelling match which included every scholar. The easy words were given out first, but as the small fry went to their seats, the words became harder and harder until only the champion spellers were left. School was Page | 24 �always dismissed early on Fridays so the preliminary agony was endured for the sake of the great treat. A pupil was encouraged to go on just as fast as he could. There was no holding back a child who was able to do more than the average student, nor was there any dragging along of a pupil who was unable to assimilate his tasks as quickly as the others. They were made to learn to the top of their ability, but not pushed out into deep waters where they could only flounder about. Your grandmother, being a healthy, hearty girl, learned quickly. While many of those who entered school with her were still spelling their “b-a, ba”, she was proudly spelling “b-a, ba; ker, ker; baker.” This school was typical of all the schools she attended. Lieutenant Haselden taught school that term for ten months, which was very unusual at that time. But school work had been so interrupted during the war that all were hungry for it. This ten months of school was followed by a three months fall term under Mr. Price. In the spring, he held another three months term. Then Mr. Simmons taught her for two terms of six and eight months, respectively. Her last school was a three months term again under Mr. Price. The Price place was close to the school house. He lived on what we now call the Lee Hughes’ place. Thus 33 months of schooling was all she had, less than four of your school years. At the end of her last school term, she had gone as far as the teachers of the little school could carry her, so her school days ended abruptly at the age of 14. Her teacher recommended that she be sent off to school and her father said he would do so. He hated to give up his children, however, hated to have them leave home and while he planned and talked about sending her off, he kept putting off his final plans until it was too late. She has told many interesting stories about her school days, but somehow I can recall only one or two. One day when Lieutenant Haselde4n had left the school grounds at noon, a drunk man came riding into the yard brandishing a razor and calling for the Lieutenant, saying he wanted to cut his throat. All the large boys were playing at a distance. The girls and little boys rushed shrieking to the school house where they attempted to lock Page | 25 �the door, failing this, they began to pile the benches against it. The smaller ones were crying with fright. Some of the larger boys came up on a run and told the old man he was frightening the girls so he quieted down and assured them: “I wouldn’t hurt you girls, bless your pretty hearts. I love you every one. I just want to cut Lieutenant Haselden’s throat. He insulted me.” The old many was well known by most of the boys and they finally persuaded him to leave the grounds. When the Lieutenant came he found only a very much agitated group of girls and boys. Another time old deaf and dumb Ben wandered into the school room. He was a constant visitor of Blind Uncle and your grandmother knew him well. Most of the children were very much afraid of him. He knew this and while there was no harm in him, he liked to scare them. He carried a switch in his hand that time and shook it threateningly at the children as he mumbled. The little ones’ eyes grew big and even the larger ones were just a little timid. They weren’t really afraid for teacher was there and they had all the confidence in the world in him. But your grandmother wasn’t at all afraid and smiled so fearlessly at him that he patted her on the head. The other girls all thought she was so brave and made much of her on the way home, which is doubles the reason she remembers it. There was a great clay hole by the side of the house. One of the favorite past times was jumping across this hole, or trying to do so. The children would stand against the building and then spring forward as far as possible. One day as your grandmother jumped, she slipped and fell, sprained her ankle very badly. She had a bad time getting home. Her sisters and Mitchell helped her as she limped and hopped along till she could go no farther. When she gave out they, with their companies, took turns making a chair with their hands and carrying her as long as their strength permitted. But she was so heavy that they soon gave out at it. Halfway home, they stopped in desperation and despair. They didn’t know how to get her home. Luckily, her brother, Jim, came by just at that time and took her the rest of the way home. Her foot was given all the known remedies; hot water baths with vinegar in them, and plasters of clay and vinegar were Page | 26 �the most successful, but it was three weeks before she could return to school. She kept up her lessons under her sister, Hortense. There was no trouble in discipline, as she remembers it, in any of the schools she attended. The teacher was absolute boss, feared and obeyed by all his pupils. His authority was well backed by the parents at home. In these early years after the way, there were very few large boys in school. With slaves just freed, the boys were all pressed into service in the fields at an early age. In the months of her attendance, your grandmother says she remembers only two whippings being given. Both of these were given for idleness, not misbehavior. A boy received one and a girl the other. So sex did not excuse one from the rod in those days. Your grandmother never could bear to see anyone punished. She says they told her she was like her grandmother Dukes in that, who always hid and wept when a slave was punished. Each time the teacher sent for a whip to administer the promised chastisement, your grandmother, to the amusement of the other children, always asked for received permission to be excused from the room. The pupils in school were constantly spending the night with each other, going home with their hosts after school and returning with them to school next morning. Little friends very often went home with your grandmother and her sisters, but the Squire rarely let them return any of these “spend the nights.” He kept them strictly at home. Just twice was your grandmother allowed to accompany a friend home and these were red letter occasions. Both times she went home with Lizzie Ann Huggins, later Mrs. Pope. Lizzie Ann’s father, Uncle Sam as he was lovingly known, was an Abraham of old, for he was a “friend of God’s.” No doubt the Squire felt that only good could come to her in that household. One of Judy’s tasks during the summer was to carry her father’s dinner to him every day. This she dearly loved to do. Some days she rode the gentle old horse down, but more often she walked the mile through the shady avenue. She went very swiftly with his dinner, but on the way back she loitered along the road and enjoyed every foot of it. During the winter when she was at school, his dinner was carried to him by one of the hands. Page | 27 �In November of the year your grandmother was 12, her sister, Mary, died. Mary was only 19, but she had been an invalid and a great sufferer for over a year. This first bereavement in her life was followed in March by the death of her grandmother Dukes. This grandmother was almost more to her than her mother was, and she felt the loss keenly. Then in June of the same year, old Blind Uncle opened his eyes in another world. So the family as it had been during her childhood was fast breaking up for her oldest sister, Agnes, and her brother, Jim, had both married and left home. Her oldest sister had been married for two or three years at this time. She married Henry Spivey. He was well-to-do, and had a great deal of property. He was a merchant and farmer, and was also interested in a turpentine business on Pee Dee. The Squire consented to her marriage and gave her a great wedding. She was the only one of the children who married with his full consent. Your Uncle Jim, now, did not marry to please him. The Squire refused to see him for some time after his marriage. The women of the family all admired Aunt Celia very much, and she made him a fine wife all his days. She was one of the finest of women. Uncle Jim rented a farm and made good on it. He was making an independent living, but finally, the Squire sent for him. He needed him, so Uncle Jim went back to him. At first he lived at the river and ran the ferry for his father; later he was given a portion of the home farm and went there to live. He was an excellent mechanic and kept up all the machinery on the place. The first years after all the slaves left, help was very scarce and good help was almost impossible to get. There was a large family of girls so they each took their turn of a week in the kitchen. By the time she was 12 years old, your grandmother was taking her turn with the rest. She was as large as her older sisters, energetic, and strong. During her kitchen week, she cooked the three meals a day and cleaned up after them. Often during her free weeks, she’d follow Mitchell into the field and was soon able to hoe her own row by the side of his. She didn’t like her kitchen work very much, but loved the outdoor work, much to the disgust of her more delicate sisters. Page | 28 �Chapter 7 Almost everyone rode horseback as that was the easiest way of getting around. The roads were rough and a ride even in a spring buggy was not much of a pleasure. There were very few buggies in this country, though, which your grandmother was growing up. When trips were not made on horseback, wagons and carts were used. Your grandmother learned to ride a gentle old horse before she was six years old, and as she grew older, would ride anything with four legs. She even rode the pig once and riding the goats was often indulged in. Goods were shipped by boat up the river to the landings all along its banks. Most of the large old plantations were situate4d along the river, close enough to be within easy access to the landing. The landings usually took their name from the plantation on which they were. There were Allison’s, Savage’s, Petersfield, Smith’s Mill, Chicora, and many other, too numerous to mention. Pitch Landing, just below Petersfield, was the refueling station. There the boats stopped to take on lightwood for the engines, therefore, its name, Pitch. The Squire generally used the landing at Savage. The North Eastern Railroad passed through Kingstree and Graham’s Cross Roads as Lake City was then known. Twice a year, the Squire would drive to Kingstree, put up his team at the stables, and board the train for Charleston. Lake City was nearer, being only 23 miles away, while Kingstree was five miles farther. But, as he generally had business to transact at the courthouse, he usually went by Kingstree. In anticipation of these trips, his wife kept a slip of paper on which she jotted down the items she needed as the need arose so by the time he left there was quite a formidable list awaiting him. Stern and strict as he was, he was in many ways an indulgent father. He always called each child to him and asked especially what she wished. One time your grandmother recalls asking for a string of coral beads. He had great difficulty finding them, spent half a day looking for just the beads his little girl wanted, but he got them. Another time when she was older, it was black silk mitts he brought at her request. Page | 29 �She remembers the first commercial fertilizer ever used in the part of the country. Before the war none had ever been bought here. The Squire was a great reader and he read so much of the high yields from the use of commercial fertilizers the decided to try some. It was bought from the firm of Wilcox and Gibbes, and came upon Page | 30 the boat to Savage. When the Squire went to have it hauled, he found everyone holding his nose and vowing he’d never smelled such a smell. The fertilizer was carried by the house and the feminine section promptly asked that it be put out of smelling distance, so it was placed in an unoccupied tenant house some distance away. The fertilizer was used on a quarter of an acre of Irish potatoes. On the whole patch, one plant came up. Hoping to get a bumper crop and not yet being well versed in the nature of fertilizers, he had used too much. Very little fertilizers were bought for several years after this for the swamp land was rich in nature’s own fertilizer, which was to be obtained by raking it up. Every farmer also kept as much stock as he could and thus he had plenty of compost. Her grandmother Johnson lived only one mile away and every week her mother spent one day at the old home. This she never failed to do, except when Grandmother Johnson was spending a week or so with them, which she did very often. She was at the Squire’s when she died. Except for these weekly visits, the women at the Squire’s stayed very close at home. He always wanted to find them all at home when he came in. One day, Little Pectina and a friend, Minnie Grier, went out to play and didn’t get home before the Squire came in. Minnie was spending the day with Pectina and they went to the overseer’s house where they were trying their fortunes with the grounds in the coffee cups. That was before the days of percolators and often there were a great many grounds in the cup. The cup was inverted in the saucer and left for a few minutes. The grounds were supposed to form some object to show what the future might hold. So engrossed were they that it never occurred to them it was time to go home until they heard “Pectina, you-o-o-o, Pectina.” They knew it was the Squire and two more frightened little girls had never been seen. Pectina knew that they were not allowed to �go even to the overseer’s and she dreaded her father’s anger. However, he said nothing to them when they reached home, panting and out of breath. There were many parties and frolics in the neighborhood, but your grandmother and her sisters were never allowed to attend. Weddings were the biggest social events of the countryside. The house of the bride’s parents was thrown open to all. Only the chosen few were asked to partake of the wedding dinner or supper, but all who wished to come were welcomed at the dancing. When Aunt Agnes was married, there was a great ball in the large front room of the old Grier house. Your grandmother was only ten or 11, but she attended dressed in her very best. She was allowed to mix with the crowd, which overflowed the big room and the porch into her mother’s room, which had been fixe dup for the occasion. Your grandmother remembers standing on the stairway, looking down on the gay scene and watching the dancers and the fiddlers as they swayed to the music. Such a wedding supper as had been served! It was a wonder that those who partook of it could move so nimbly on the floor now. There were big picnics every Fourth of July; to this they all went. Sometimes it was held on the church ground; often the gathering was at a landing on the river. They attended church generally at Trinity, four miles up the Marion road. The same building is still used today and has been there as far back as your grandmother can remember. Sometimes they went to old Muddy Creek Church, built on the same spot where the present building stands. Our old Johnsonville church wasn’t built until she was 15. The family attended there regularly after it was erected. The Squire was one of its heartiest backers and contributed largely to the funds, which made the building of it possible. The land on which it stands was given by Mr. Ard, on the condition that as long as it was used for a place of worship, the land belonged to the church, but if the church was moved, the land should revert to the heirs. Just across from the church was Mr. Ard’s private burying ground. As it was so convenient to the church, first one person, and then another, asked permission to bury their dead there, until it was regarded as a church property also. Page | 31 �The Squire was not a religious man and made no pretense of being a Christian, but he was an habitual church goer and rarely passed a Sunday without going to church. He always insisted that every one of the family, who was well enough, should go, too. Page | 32 Most of the congregation came in wagons. In the winter, they used quilts to keep themselves warm, while in summer, every woman used an umbrella to keep off the sun’s rays. The Squire’s family and a few other families had large carry-alls. They looked something like an old stagecoach. Many of the churchgoers walked. In summer it was a common sight to see a group of worshippers, clad in their very best, walking down the road in their bare feet, with their shoes and hose slung over their shoulders or carried in their hands. The roads were so muddy in wet weather and so dusty in dry that their shoes would not correspond with the rest of their costumes if worn on the way. On arriving in sight of the church, they sat down on the roadside and donned their footgear. So they were spic and span when they reached the church. Mail was brought in twice a week. The mail rider came from Mars Bluff and stopped overnight at Johnsonville. The old Squire had a room in the back of the store where the mail rider slept. Next morning he went on to Georgetown. On his return trip, he again spent the night in Johnsonville. Chapter 8 In the winter before her 16th birthday, Judith Grier was well grown, physically and mentally. Her mind and body were healthy and robust. She was considered the prettiest of all the Grier girls. Now, your grandmother didn’t say that, she is far too modest, but Aunt Agnes told me so several times before her death. So I have it on good authority. At home no were Hortense, Julia, Mitchell, and Judith, as well as little Pectina. The Squire sold his store at the end of the lane and it was now Kimball and Johnson’s. He had built a large new store very close to the house and moved his business there. He continued to do a good business there. �Plans were being seriously considered by the Squire now to send Judith off to school. He promised she should go the next fall. Hortense had been prepared for college before the war, but owing to this interruption, she had to wait, and during the first few years afterwards, her father was not able to send her. She was now her father’s right hand; kept all his books, and was consulted often by him concerning his affairs. She often said she’d never marry as long as her father lived. And, she didn’t. Some years after his death, she married a widower with several children. Julia had never been strong and had not attended school regularly. Neither she nor Mitchell showed any strong leaning towards books and school. So, the Squire’s hopes were all pinned on Judith. He was anxious for her to go and yet reluctant to have her leave her home. When he decided to send her, it was too late for your grandmother met your grandfather. One Sunday in February before she was 16 in May, Judith and her two sisters went to the ferry to see their brother, Jim, who was very ill. While they were there, two young men on horseback came across the ferry and tying their horses came in to warm their hands. Hortense knew one of these, Zachary Taylor Eaddy, and introductions were soon made. It was a case of love at first sight, so both parties concerned always declared. When the girls started home, the boys, as boys will the whole world over, walked with them and led their horses. Taylor Eaddy tried to walk by Judith, but she demurely put Hortense between them. Every time he dropped back on a narrow path, she’s step ahead and when he advanced on the side where Judith had been, he’d find Hortense still between them. Your grandmother says he teased her many times about that walk in after years. After that walk, it was curious how often she ran across him. She’d never seen him before, but now every day or so he was at the store, just at the times she was there, too. She saw and chatted with him on Sundays at the church, and he passed the house several times. Each time he passed, he was seized with consuming thirst and must have a drink from the Squire’s well. Page | 33 �He finally summoned up his courage and came around with the boys who came to see the older girls one Sunday afternoon. This amused the other girls as he was Judy’s first beau. There were not many Sunday callers, not for lack of attractions on the parts of the girls, but for lack of encouragement on the part of the Squire. He was not only not encouraging, he was downright discouraging! He disliked anyone who came to see his daughters. He was a possessive old man; what was his, he wanted to keep, boys and girls, as well as property and money. Soon Taylor Eaddy’s attention to Judy became so persistent as to attract notice. The Squire was beginning to rumble way down in his throat about that “young cub.” The rumblings became an outburst when Taylor finally went to him and asked his permission to address his daughter. He answered that Judy was too young; she was to go off to school in the fall, and added that he, Taylor Eaddy had best stay away. Still the young man persisted. He found out that Judy “was willing” to quote Barkis, so back to the Squire he went! This time there was thunder, lightning, and rain for Judith cried when her father came home and issued his orders. She was not to be allowed out of the house unless accompanied by her mother or Hortense. She was not to be allowed to see or communicate with “that young whippersnapper” again. Opposition only made the young people more determined. Taylor brought letters to the home of the Squire’s manager and gave them to the manager’s wife. Judith sent Henry after them; he also carried her answers. Taylor still came to the house, but when he drove up Judith was sent upstairs and not allowed down until he left. But, they communicated all the same. He’d leaned against the railing on the porch. Henry crawled under the house and received the note dropped. After reading it, Judith answered, and Henry again crawled under the house. He’d push the note on the edge of the porch where Taylor’s foot quickly hid it from sight. Henry used to roll his black yes and say, “If Marsa a-knowed what I’se a-doing, he’d kill me shore.” But, he struck by Judith to the end. Preparations were being pushed to get Judith off to school when the young folks took things into their own hands. They left one night and were married. Henry and her sister, Julia, helped her off. She packed her suitcase early in the afternoon and had Page | 34 �Henry slip it out of the side door and hide it under the gooseberry bush, just inside the garden. Her mother was away from home that afternoon, and it made the task easier. Taylor met her at the back gate, while her father and mother sat on the front porch. Her father said just before she left the house, “I believe those children are up to something. I’ll take Judith off tomorrow, and we can send the rest of her things.” Judith and Taylor had to make a detour from the back to the road in front of the house; one of Taylor’s friends with a buggy waited around the bend in the road for the runaways. Both young men were very much afraid of the Squire and they had quite a good laugh on his friend that night. He had waited for the couple until his nerves were all on edge, and finally, heard someone coming on horseback. He thought surely it was the Squire, so hastily deserting the horse and buggy, he made off down the road. The horseman, however, overtook him and told the joke on him. The runaways came at length, and the three went to Taylor Eaddy’s home where the preacher and a big supper awaited them. There were games, frolicking, and music until nearly daylight, but no dancing at “old man Taylor Eaddy’s.” The Squire knew she had gone before bedtime, but he made no effort to go after her. He forbade them to speak of her; he would not let them send her clothes to her, and never, as long as he lived, did he speak to her, nor, until after his death, did she speak to her mother. On Sundays, she generally saw her sisters at church and they always had a talk. He never interfered, but he never asked them a question of how she fared. However, at his death they found that she had been included with the rest of the heirs in the notes and items he left. He had made no will, but left a paper showing what he wished each to have. Your grandmother says in looking back over the years, “I don’t blame Pa a bit. He was right. Of course, I was too young, but I couldn’t see it then, and I’ve never regretted it for no married life could have been happier than ours.” Three years later, Julia, now 26, was married. The Squire again opposed the match, but seeing that she was determined to marry with or without his consent, he at least gave in. She was quietly married at home, only the immediat4 family being Page | 35 �present. The Squire would not come into the house, but paced the porch all during the ceremony. Mitchell had always stayed at home and worked on the farm. He was the farmer and Jim was the mechanic. When he was 22 years old, Mitchell was suddenly stricken and died from an illness of only two days. Doctors then said that he had an abscess on the liver, but it has since been thought that he must have had appendicitis. A bother of N. H. Venters bought hogs several times from the Squire. He always brought his collie dog, Larry, to help him catch them. Larry took quite a fancy to Mitchell and kept running away from home to stay with him. Mr. Venters moved and gave the dog to Mitchell. The two were inseparable. Larry slept at the door of his master’s room. When Mitchell became ill, the dog stayed under the bed until forced out. Then he went under the house where at intervals he howled pitifully. The night his master died, he howled all night. He followed the family to the graveyard and after the funeral, he remained beside the grave. At night fall, the Squire sent Henry for him. He was found stretched out at the foot of the grave. Henry carried him home, and offered him something to eat for he had eaten nothing since the last time his master had fed him. He refused to eat, and the moment he was let loose, he returned to his master’s grave. They brought him home several times, but he always slipped off and went back. When he was tied, he gnawed the rope in two and left; when they shut him up, he howled until it was unbearable and head to be let out. All this time, not one mouthful did he eat. He was so weak that he reeled when he walked. The last time he went back, the Squire had Henry take the gun and shoot him. It was better to kill him than to let him starve to death. Pectina married at 15. Again, her father gave way to his daughter’s wishes and allowed her to be married at home. He didn’t want her to marry, but if she was determined to do so, he said he’d rather she’d be married at home than to run away. The morning she was to be married, he left the house immediately after breakfast, went to the store, and locked himself in. First one, and then another went after him, but he wouldn’t even open the door. His wife made what excuses she could to the minister and the guests who assembled. The bridal couple and their guests had dinner Page | 36 �at 12, but it was only after the last buggy had driven away that the Squire came back to the house. Chapter 9 Your grandfather, Zachary Taylor Eaddy, was 24 and your grandmother was 16 when they were married. The night of the marriage he said, “There’s an old saying that runaway matches never turn out well. Let us be sure that ours does.” And it did. The Eaddy place was only four or five miles from the Grier home, but four miles in those days was as great a distance as 20 miles is today. As that family attended church at Prospect until Old Johnsonville was built, the two families had no acquaintance with each other. Mr. Eaddy and the Squire were acquainted in a business way, but there had been no occasion for a more personal intimacy. Grandfather Eaddy, Taylor’s father, was often likened to Jacob in his old days for he had 12 sons. But at the time, your grandmother went there, he had only 11. Those were borne by his first two wives. He was no married to his third wife, who was later the mother of his 12th son, Aunt Emily, as she was known far and wide. She herself was a widow at the time she married Grandfather Eaddy and brought three girls and three boys with her. Several of Taylor’s older brothers were married and off at work for themselves, so when he brought Judy there she found only six of the Eaddy boys, three girls and three boys of Aunt Emily’s and one of Taylor’s sisters-in-law. Two of the Stone girls, Aunt Emily’s first husband was a Stone, were well grown, but the baby girl was only two or three. She soon learned to love “Sis Judy” better than all the rest and cried when Judy left her at any time. Your grandmother had always said that she was the sweetest baby she ever knew. The little girl died from pneumonia when she was just six years old. The house was a large two-pen log house. A two-pen house is built with a wide central hall with rooms on either side. The wide hall here was 16 feet wide and it ran into a cross passage nearly as wide. Behind the cross passage were the dining room and kitchen. Page | 37 �Doc, one of Taylor’s brothers, had built a little house at the end of the lane in front of his father’s. There were two double beds in Doc’s house and some of the boys slept there with him, but they all ate at their father’s. At Grandfather Eaddy’s they ran nine beds and every one of them was generally full. The long table seldom seated all at a time. Fifteen or 16 was the regular number to eat three meals a day there. As Grandfather Eaddy kept an open house, and there was a constant stream of company there were very frequently several more, especially for dinner and supper. Aunt Emily had a small wooden bucket with a lid to it, somewhat larger than a gallon syrup can. This was the sugar pot. It always sat on a stool by the side of Aunt Emily’s chair. She said that a smaller one would be a waste of time. Your grandmother has it now and all of you children have used it as a seat. When the small grandchildren come on a visit, at mealtimes, out comes the bucket. Placed in a chair it makes just the right height for the babies. There was always a cook in the kitchen, but with such a large family, there was work for all to do. Aunt Emily was an industrious woman who fully believed that Satan found work in idle hands. She always kept busy herself and saw to it that those around her had their tasks. There were four large girls in the house, her two daughters, Sally and Liza, and two of Grandfather Eaddy’s daughters-in-law, Aunt Selma and our grandmother. These four took turns helping with the dishes. Your grandmother says before she noticed it, she’d fallen into a habit of complaining with headaches a great deal. One day she was outside leaning against the house. Liza was with her, rubbing her head, when she heard Sally say, “It’s Sis Judy’s and Sis’ time to do the dishes, but it’s no use to call them. Every time it’s their turn, Sis Judy has the headache, and Sis has to rub it.” Instead of getting mad, your grandmother laughed it off, and she saw to it that her headaches did not interfere with their household duties after that. Grandfather Eaddy controlled the whole household. All his stepchildren went to him for orders. Aunt Emily was his sister-in-law by marriage. In other words, his wife, I don’t know which one, and Aunt Emily’s first husband were brother and sister. Page | 38 �His brother, Martin Eaddy, was a Methodist preacher. He [was the one] who performed the wedding ceremony for your grandparents. Grandfather Eaddy was a great Christian. There was always prayer, night and morning. The children and members of the family were allowed a great deal of freedom, but all knew exactly where to stop. He was strict and firm, but never harsh or unjust with them, and their obedience was given to him like due. He loved company of any kind and young folks, especially. Often, the old house was filled to overflowing, but there was no unseemly behavior, no matter how large a crowd had collected there. One Sunday afternoon, just as the congregation was dismissed at Prospect Church, a bad cloud gathered. At Grandfather Eaddy’s invitation, between 40 and 50 people went to his house and to wait until the cloud passed. The storm broke just as they reached the house and raged so long and fiercely that they all had to spend the night. The presiding elder was one of the guests. The 40-odd people were given supper in [stages.] They all ate heartily and yet there was plenty left. The presiding elder said he wouldn’t have believed it if he hadn’t seen it with his own eyes. He likened it to the feeding of the multitude by the Lord. They guests were also given breakfast the next morning before they left. Fortunately, it was summertime, so there was difficulty about preparing beds for all. His house was headquarters for the preachers; and travelers were always sent to “old man Taylor Eaddy’s” when they asked where they could find a place to spend the night. All such travelers were welcomed not only for their own sakes, but for the touch of the outside world they brought. This household was so vastly different from the one in which she had been reared, and it gave her a new outlook on life. Chapter 10 In January, young Taylor and his wife, Judy, left his father’s house and rented a place for themselves. They had a place about a mile from the old Eaddy home. Your Page | 39 �Uncle Laurie and Aunt Salema, Uncle John and Aunt Beulah were their near neighbors, and they were all close enough to run in and out at their father’s. The Tow started housekeeping very simply. They furnished a bedroom, dining room, and kitchen. Their father Eaddy gave them a bedroom suite, part of it handmade. Page | 40 This she still has. He also gave them [sic] two mattresses and a feather bed, all homemade, but just as comfortable, your grandmother says, as any you can buy nowadays. Uncle Jerry Cribb, uncle by courtesy to the entire community, made two rockers and six chairs for them. The large rocker is still in constant use in her bedroom, while the little chair is the one she gave me when Carolyn was born. She rocked all her babies in it, and I’ve rocked all of mine in it. She still has most of her chairs, though they are now stored in the loft of the garage. His uncle made them two old fashioned bread trays and a dining table. The cooking was done in the big open chimney. And, your grandmother said with such a wistful look and accent, “It was such a nice chimney,” as if the very thought of those days was sweet. They bought pots, pans, dishes, and bed linen, no such supply as a bride now deems necessary, but a nice supply of good substantial things. There was no money to buy a horse or mule, with corn and forage to feed it. But, they were not all all-at-a-loss; they used an ox. The ox needed very little attention or food for he could get almost all he needed by grazing. Of course, he was slow, but the world wasn’t in such a hurry then as it is now, and the ox made a good crop for them. Aunt Emily gave them a good start in the chickens, just common mixed stock, but they furnished all the eggs the young couple needed, as well as giving them an occasional chicken to eat. Their father Eaddy gave them a brood sow and so they set up housekeeping for themselves. They had company very often. As there was only one bed, when there were guests, the hosts put one of the mattresses for themselves on the floor in the dining room and gave their room to their company. They slept as well on the floor for they �were young and the joy of having company made their hard bed easy to them; so they slept as only the young and hardworking can. And they did work hard. They were up before daylight so the young farmer could bet to the field early. He worked on the farm all his life, but always with his father and under his directions, and this was his first venture for himself. He toiled early and late, while she cooked, washed, mended, and kept the house and garden just as it all should be. Cabbage seed was the only seed bought for the garden. The other seed was saved from year-to-year. If a neighbor had a very prolific seed of beans, collards, peas or what not, he, or usually she, saved a little extra to give her friends. “Just enough for seed,” she’d say as she gave it. This first year on the farm yielded them sixty bushels of rice over and above their own needs; plenty of corn; potatoes; syrup, and their own meat. The extra rice was carried to Georgetown and sold there. With the proceeds of this year’s labor, he made the first payment on a little place near his father’s and built on it. This was called Brown’s Summer House Place. The old historical settlement of Indiantown was only five or six miles away. The elite of the countryside lived near Indiantown before the war. Here where your grandfather bought was a natural artesian spring, Boiling Springs. It must have derived its name from the way it bubbled and oiled up out of the ground for it was certainly cool and delightful to drink. There are several of these natural springs in this country, although they have been neglected since the art of boring an artesian well just where it’s wanted has been developed. The water in this low country was considered as unhealthy, especially when there was much rain for then the wells were filled with surface water. These artesian springs came from underground streams whose sources were in the mountains. The water generally came from some depth and the hotter the day, the cooler the water seemed. Several of the well-to-do families at Indiantown had formed a summer colony with the Boiling Springs as a center. At the end of the war, they had been unable to Page | 41 �keep up their summer home, so had sold them when they could do so. This place had belonged to the Brown’s. Your grandfather built on the site of the summer house, which had long been burned by careless tenants. A few fruit trees and several shade trees made a nice setting for the little log house he planned. He and two men went into the woods where the cut and peeled the logs, then hauled them to the selected spot. Word went out over the neighborhood, “House raising for Tay Eaddy at the Old Summer House Place.” The morning set for the house raising, women with their snow white aprons on, their babies and their handwork in their arms, followed their husbands to Grandfather Grier’s. They helped prepare a bountiful dinner. The men all went to work on the new house until dinner time. After dinner and an hour’s rest, the men went back, while the women plied their needles and their tongues. By night time, the logs were all in place, and the rafters on and ready for shingling. The shingles themselves were split by hand, down in the woods and then hauled up. The only charge for all the help given was a dinner, which the host enjoyed as much as his guests. Your grandfather planted no money crops this year. He worked in the turpentine woods. He planted plenty of food crops, as well as forage, and the stayed at home when they needed attention. Other days, the young folks arose at two o’clock in the morning. Your grandmother cooked breakfast and fixed lunch for her husband. He walked to his father’s where others joined him. They all went off together some five or six miles and reached there in time to begin work at daylight. Meantime, Judith generally went back to bed; she had very little to do and she had all day to do it in. Often neighbors came in or she carried her sewing, all of which was done by hand, over to spend the afternoon with Aunt Emily. It was always dark before your grandfather came rushing through the woods to find her waiting at the edge of the clearing. “One night,” said your grandmother, “Tay was late. I watched and watched. I was so uneasy I just couldn’t rest. I just knew something had happened to him. At nine he still hadn’t come. I couldn’t endure it any longer. So off I set to father Eaddy’s. The moon was full and as bright as day. But as I had to go through the woods, I lighted a fat lightwood torch. About halfway, just before Page | 42 �I reached Jim Cox’s house, I hear Tay coming and whistling. I stopped and sat down by a stump by the side of the path to wait for him. Nothing had happened to him, and I began to feel just the least bit amused. His whistle sounded so cheery and satisfied and I had been so miserable and worried. Just as Tay got in front of Jim Cox’s house, Jim hailed him, “That you, Tay?” On Tay’s answering, Jim asked, “Did anyone pass you up the path there?” And when Tay said “no,” he continued, “That’s funny. I sure seen a light down yonder away and it went out all in a minute.” Tay assured him he’d passed no one and added, “I must hurry. Wife’s all alone and looking for me.” I heard every word that was said very clearly, and as Tay came on I thought surely he’d see me. I had on a white dress and I was sitting right by the edge of the path. But, he passed me whistling just as hard as he could. I was pretty made by that time, so I let him get well ahead. Then I got up and followed him. As he turned a bend, he found the woods were beginning to blaze. A spark had blown off my torch and set things a burning. He seized some underbrush and began to beat it out. After seeing that he’d have no trouble quenching the flames, I slipped around by another path, ran home quickly, and when he finally came in I was undressed and in the bed. I was determined not to give him any idea of how worried I’d been. I didn’t tell him of it for several years later. Here the first baby was born. Your grandfather had insisted the first baby must be a boy. The event was eagerly looked forward to and great was the grief of the young parents when the baby was still-born. After the death of the baby, they both took a dislike to the little home they’d built with such high hopes and as there was another payment due on the place he sold out to his brother. Chapter 11 The third year they sharecropped up very near Lake City. The people there were all lovely to them; they made some fast friends, but they were homesick, especially your grandmother. She said the first three months she stayed there were the most miserable she ever “put over.” Page | 43 �The whole year she was there she didn’t go to church a single Sunday. Church as the meeting place for the community. It was the center of life for the neighborhood. As soon as one Sunday was over the people began to plan for another. To have to spend one Sunday at home was bad, but to be unable to attend for 52 Sundays was unbearable. Their second little girl was born here. Your grandfather had jokingly said again that the baby must be a boy, and was a little disappointed that it was a girl. However, the wee lady only opened her eyes and then closed them forever. It tore them both, but especially the father. The next year they went back to Grandfather Eaddy’s. He gave them a house and all the land they wanted to work. Your grandfather worked in the turpentine woods and hired most of his farm work done. Labor was to be had for two meals and 25 cents a day. The hands were willing to take corn, peas, or potatoes in place of cash. Here the third baby arrived. Before its birth your grandfather was asked, “Do you want a girl or a boy?” And his fervent answer was, “Either one, either one. Just so it lives.” When the baby girl, hearty and healthy, was placed in his arms, there wasn’t a happier man in the world. It is a characteristic of the Eaddys to adore babies and I’ve never seen a baby refuse to go to one. Your grandfather was no exception. All the babies and little folks in the neighborhood loved him and were loved by them in return. This baby was named Margaret Ann after her maternal grandmother. Your grandfather was always accused of being partial to “Sister.” And indeed, she was and remained the apple of his eye as long as he lived. All these years your grandmother saw neither her father nor mother. Her mother constantly sent messages, but she respected her husband’s wishes enough not to cross him. Your grandmother saw the girls at home every Sunday and often at her married sisters’ or Brother Jim’s. There was a constant interchange of visits among these married sisters. “And no brother was ever better to any sister than Brother Jim was to me,“ I’ve heard your grandmother say over and over. When he caught his first shad, his second one went to little Judy as she always remained to him. Page | 44 �Your grandfather was a great fisherman himself, as well as a hunter. He kept his table well supplied with squirrel, wild turkey, deer, partridge, and wild duck in season. He was always among the first to get shad in the spring and a day on the river with his rod or nets, or in the swamp with his gun, was his delight. The year your Uncle Bub was born your grandfather and grandmother were living at what we now call the Lee Hughes place. Then it was known as the Price place. Her former teacher, Mr. Price, had lived there. It was about half a mile from Ard’s Cross Roads. The new baby was expected daily and your grandfather had been tied down at home, afraid to leave. One afternoon, he said he must go to the cut landing to see about his boat and get it ready for shad fishing. Rene Timmons, a white woman, was there with your grandmother and she said, “Don you leave, Tay. Don’t you leave. I’m not a-going to stay here with Judy by myself.” He laughed, promised to be back by dark, and right after dinner he left, with Rene still protesting. About the middle of the afternoon your grandmother was sitting in front of the fire popping corn for the baby when suddenly she stopped and called, “Rene.” Rene came on the run, “I knew it. I knew It. That good-for-nothing Taylor Eaddy ought to be hung. He had no business leaving. Set still, honey, don’t you move till I come back.” As she reached the porch, she leaned over and pulled off one shoe and gave it a fling; the other one followed as she muttered, “Can’t make no time with those things on.” And down the road she went panting. As soon as she got in sight of the Cross Roads, she began to call. Mr. and Mrs. Ard and Rene’s sister came to meet her. Mr. Ard told the women to hurry back to your grandmother while he hitched up and went for the doctor. They called her the doctor, but for such a case a doctor was never even considered. A doctor woman was all that was deemed necessary. So natural and so in the general run of things did they consider a confinement that no one thought of getting a doctor. It was thought an unnecessary expense. Dr. Grier was living at the Cross Roads and it would have been nearer to get him than to go for “Aunt Lizzie,” but such an idea never entered their heads. When your grandfather returned they had his long wished for son to show him, although he was back by dark. Page | 45 �They left the Price place in March. Grandfather Eaddy had given your grandfather a place on the Lake in what they called then the “backwoods.” In the intervals of his turpentine working he was trying to build a house on his place. But it was a long tramp from the backwoods to the Price place, so when he had a change to move to the Cox place he was glad to do so. He was asked to move there and oversee the picking and weighing of Cousin Robert’s cotton. It put him much closer to his own place. He finished up his house so he could move in January. When they moved he made a special trip to Kingstree and bought her first stove for your grandmother. It was while she was living there that she bought her firs sewing machine. Machine agents were riding the country over in buggies with large flat backs on which they carried one or two machines for demonstrating purposes. Several of the neighbors bought a very inferior machine which lasted only a short time and was very unsatisfactory; but your grandmother bought a Household. That machine had the reputation that the Singer enjoys now. And it was a good one! Your grandmother bought it in 1882 or ’83 and she used it for all her sewing until 1912. In 1915, she gave the old Household to me. It was still doing good work. You older girls all learned to sew on it and I suppose we’d still be using it, but some of the babies lost the only bobbin we had and it couldn’t be found. One afternoon in early spring when your Uncle bub was a little fellow he pulled off his shoes and stockings and went into the yard. Your grandmother was sweeping the yard and as she was almost through, she made him sit on top of a box until she was ready to go in. He went to bed as well as usual, but just as his mother and father were preparing to retire, he gave one croupy cough and then choked right up. They worked over him with all the medicine they had, but couldn’t relieve him. So your grandfather ran to yard, and called his brother, John, whose home was within calling distance. He and Aunt Beulah came with their remedies. Aunt Beulah had a bottle of new medicine for croup. It had been made by an Indian who lived several miles away. She insisted on giving the baby some “Aligator [sic] Oil” and as he seemed to be getting worse, they finally decided to try it. Whether it was the alligator oil or the other remedies, his breathing soon became better, but it was nearly daylight before they Page | 46 �decided it was safe to leave him. Your grandmother says that was the worse croup she has ever seen and it was not possible to get a doctor to him that night. Your grandfather had no horse; so he would have had to walk to his father’s house, nearly a mile away, hitch up and ride five miles for the doctor, then ride the five miles back with Page | 47 him. It would have been nearly daylight before the doctor could have reached him. One day in February your grandfather went shad fishing; that day was cloudy with occasional spells of sunshine. The [clouds] seemed heavy and your grandmother felt tire and restless. Just after dinner a quick, heavy shower came; then the sun shone again. Your grandfather with his friends left the river with a fine catch and started home again, but as they reached a house close to the landing, another sudden burst of rain caused them to take refuge in the house. The rain fall was sharp and heavy but it lasted only a few minutes. Your grandfather picked up his fish and said, “Well, boys, I must be going.” As he, followed by the other fishermen and their host, started out they heard a terrible roaring. The noise was indescribable. They rand to the door and your grandfather said, “If you have a ditch or a cellar on the place, you’d better get the children in it for that’s a twister coming, as sure as I’m alive.” But there was no such thing on the place. Everyone gathered in a group in the yard. They were afraid to stay out, and yet the cloud seemed to woven a spell over them, for they stood as if chained to the spot. The air seemed still, but the black cloud was rapidly approaching and the rumbling grew louder and louder. A breeze sprang up and became a gale. The storm swept by them but it struck the house full force, taking the four outside walls and the roof off, leaving only the floor and the inner partitions. When at last your grandfather could get away, anxious to see how his family had fared, he had to cross the path of the storm. A section over which they generally passed in ten minutes took them two hours to cross. Huge trees were down, portions of houses, furniture, and logs from no one knew where had to be cleared out of the road before they could pass. The storm didn’t touch the backwoods section, but it struck the hill where we now live. Dr. Grier had just completed this house and moved in. He had put a family of Negroes in the old log Horse House. That house stood about where that old horse apple �tree stands in the field. This house did not stand in the path of the storm, but it demolished the Horse house. Not one log was left on another. Some of the logs were afterwards found as far off as the cut landing, carried there by the force of the storm. The Negroes who lived there had come in haste to Dr. Grier’s at the first sound and sight of the storm. No one was hurt during the storm although great damage and loss was dealt to the houses and trees. There was one woman hurt after the storm. The floor in her house had been torn up in many places and she stepped in one of the large cracks thus made and broke her leg. Your grandmother’s health wasn’t all good the years she lived here. She was almost an invalid though she managed to keep things going. She was subject to severe headaches, which left her nerves all torn up. She had not been real well since the last baby came. A doctor had settled on the lake. He treated her and tried to cure her, but the good doctor had periods of irresponsibility. He couldn’t’ always come when needed so your grandfather made several trips to Kingstree to see Dr. Scott, who tried treating her by long distance. Chapter 12 In the second year they lived there, the old Squire died from a combined attack of pneumonia and pleurisy. He left each of the children a nice sum of cash outright. His property, personal and real, was all put up for sale at public auction. They family bid in most of things. One of the things your grandmother bid in was the big, six legged sideboard that he had bought at Col. Alston’s sale when he was first married. It had been removed from the dining room some years before when the Squire bought a more modern one. The home place, of course, was her mother’s property already. The Squire had quite a large number of stocks, bonds, and mortgages. These were all labeled as “worthless,” “worth 100%,” “worth 75%”, and so on; so the heirs had no trouble dividing them evenly. Before the division several people came to your grandmother and asked her to please buy their mortgages. She did take in as many of these requests as she could. Page | 48 �She did not go home to her father’s funeral. She felt that as he had never allowed her to come in his life time, she rather not go in the house while he lay there. After the funeral her mother sent the buggy for her, but she refused to go. Then her mother sent her brother-in-law, Henry Spivey, with the message that now she, her mother, was boss at home, and she wanted all the children home so your grandmother went. Not quite a year later Grandfather Eaddy died. At that time his and Aunty Emily’s baby, his 12th son, was nearly six year old. Marvin Eaddy as an extraordinary child. Your grandmother says he was born good and yet he was full of fun. He was about a year older than her oldest little girl. When he was two your grandparents were living in sight of his father’s and Marvin used to spend a great part of his time there. One afternoon, he stayed until it was nearly dusk, as he started home, your grandmother said, “Wait awhile, son. When Brother Tay comes he’ll take you home.” “No, Sis Judy,” he said gravely, raising his big blue eyes, “I’ll just toddle along.” Marvin’s life was short for he died just as he reached manhood, but he left a lasting imprint on all whose lives came in contact with his. Grandfather Eaddy had no vast wealth to his boys. Before his death he had given each of them a farm, but he left them that which is better, an honest and upright heritage. The year following her father’s death, your grandmother’s health grew rapidly worse. Dr. Scott told your grandfather he believed he could straighten her out if he could see her every day. If he couldn’t bring her to Kingstree to live for a while, she’d have to go to the hospital. In those days, the hospital was the last resort. A person who had gone to the hospital … [script illegible] … A move for a year was considered preferable to a few weeks in the hospital. It was a big change for your grandmother. All her life had been spent on farms with the nearest neighbor just in sight, if not out of sight. Now she had neighbors to the right of her; neighbors to the left of her; neighbors in front of her, and neighbors in the back. Your grandmother enjoyed them all. She was always good company herself and she did like to be with others. So many of her days had been spent alone, and Page | 49 �while she was never lonely, she reveled in her present position. The neighbors were all busy people but they took time to show many delicate attentions to the new neighbor who wasn’t as strong as they. They had quite an exciting time there one night. Your grandfather always got up Page | 50 and brought fresh water for your grandmother to take her medicine during the night. A door from their room opened onto the back porch and was fastened on the inside with a wooden latch. That night he got the water as usual, but evidently failed to latch the door on his return. Just before day, bot started out of their sleep to hear a soft pad, pad as of someone with bare feet walking around the room. Your grandfather put his hand warningly on your grandmother’s arm. The sound paused at the dresser which stood at the head of the bed, and they could hear someone breathing in quick, short breaths. Another step or two and the intruder knocked over the chair with the medicine and glass on it. After the first loud crash, the silence was so great that they were almost afraid to breath. Your grandfather’s pistol was at the head of the bed but the unwelcome visitor was so close that there had been no change to get it. Soon the steps sounded again; this time the intruder seemed to be sneaking toward the door into the hall. As soon as your grandfather ascertained this, he seized his pistol and fired twice, quickly, both time rather low down. There was one low sound heard, then again silence. “Stick a match, wife, quick.” And your grandfather was out in the hall, bending over something just outside the door. Quick footsteps sounded at the front and a neighbor who happened to be up and dressed called, “Open up, Eaddy; open up. What’s happened” Your grandfather opened the door and said, “For goodness sake, come here and help me to take this dog out and bury him before someone sees him. I haven’t the least idea who he belongs to, but he nearly scared wife and me to death.” They never did find out to whom he belonged, but you may be sure that the back bedroom door was safely latched every night after that. Your grandmother’s health improved rapidly under Dr. Scott’s care. Your grandfather had to be away from home a great deal. He spent much of his time back home for it kept him busy, riding from one place to another, over which your �grandmother had mortgages. He had to see to it that the Negroes kept up their work so they could meet their payments when due. She son sold nearly all her mortgages in a lump to a lawyer from Lake City. She kept a few choice places near where she had always lived. As soon as Dr. Scott turned her a-loose they moved back. Your grandfather had bought a part of the old Owings Place and in November 1885 they moved there from Kingstree and lived there until his death 21 years later. Chapter 13 The conditions in this part of the country had changed but little since your grandmother was a little girl. The methods of transportation were the same. The roads were just as bad as ever. None of the streams [had] bridges. They had to be forded and every road had two or three streams running across it. When the streams were high there was very little traveling done by the ladies, and when the men went they either rode horseback or walked. Each stream had a foot log stretched over it for the travelers on foot. One had to have a steady head and a sure foot to cross on these in all kinds of weather. In rainy weather the water came up into the buggies, sometimes even covering the seat, for that reason they were not used so much. The mail came now by way of Lake City to Vox post office and on to Johnsonville. It still came only twice a week. It had been let out on contract as a star route. The carrier served several little country post offices on his trip. Your grandmother’s new home was three miles from Ard’s Cross Roads, where the Old Johnsonville Church was. At the Cross Roads was also a general store run by Mr. Ard and another store, generally called the whiskey shop. Leaving the house to come to the Cross Roads, first your grandfather crossed the stream that ran through the swamp directly in front of the house. One the other side of the swamp, about three quarters of a mile away, lived Llewelyn Stone, one of Aunty Emily’s boys. Next was the Owings Place; then through another swamp to the Irwin schoolhouse, built by the men of that section for “Miss Nannie” to teach in. This was a mile and a half from home. Lee McDaniel’s was the next house and on the other Page | 51 �side of another swamp stood the Claywall farm. Nearly a mile further was the home of Mr. Venters. The Ards themselves lived at the Cross Roads where Mr. Cox lives. That road has changed very little as far as buildings are concerned. The woodlands have all been cleared up and are cultivated every year. The swamps have been thinned out to some extent and the streams have been bridged, but otherwise a traveler returned after years afar, would feel very much at home. On the other side of your grandmother and within calling distance but facing on another road lived Cousin Robert Cox. Cousin Fannie, his wife, was a notable doctor. She was called in for every ailment for miles around. She had her doctor books and studied them. “Old Doctor Gunn” was her standby. Your grandmother has a copy of it and even now you’ll hear her say often concerning some disease or afflictions, “Old Doctor Gunn says…” Cousin Fannie kept quite a store of herbs, wild and cultivated on hand. She had in her own garden every known herb that could be used for medicine. She had her regular times to go into the swamp and hedges; there she gathered May apple, which was used in place of calomel, and sassafras roots from which she made a blood purifier. A blood purifier was considered absolutely necessary every spring after a winter diet of pork and hominy and cornbread, with an occasional dish of collards or a pot of peas. All these roots, barks, and herbs were put up and kept by Cousin Fannie. Her services and concoctions were given freely and willingly and not one cent did she charge. Her presence was a tonic. She never gave anything but the simplest of remedies, but she used plenty of common sense and cleanliness. She was like a mother to your grandmother. Diagonally across the fields and on the same road with Cousin Robert lived Cousin Fannie’s brother, Cousin Charlie Huggins and his wife, Cousin Sallie. It is a question as to which your grandmother liked the best, Cousin Sallie or Cousin Fannie. Both were much older than she and she thought a great deal of them both. Cousin Sallie was a great doctor herself. Her father was a physician, an Englishman, and had received his education in England. She had studied some with him Page | 52 �and had helped him a great deal with his practice. She was glad to help anyone who came to her, but she did not go around to other people’s houses. Now, I won’t presented to trace the kinship, or to state whether Cousin Fannie and Cousin Sallie were really any kin at all to your grandmother. She always called them cousins and they called her the same. That was the neighborhood into which your grandparents moved. They went into the old house on the place in November intending to build when it grew warmer. But the weather was so mild during January they decided to turn the old house around so it could be used as an ell on the new house. They wanted to get the work started before the field work had to be begun. Enoch and Pedden Cannon, who lived a mile back of your grandmother, had a mortgage over their farm. They promised to work it off if your grandmother would life the mortgage, and as they were good carpenters, she agreed to do this. The two men with 20 hands came early one morning, tore down the big old clay chimney at one end of the house, and turned the body of the house long-ways and back a little to serve as dining room and kitchen. The family lived in this until the building was completed. The next day was warm and sunshiny so the workmen cut the opening for the big double chimney and started work on it. About mid-day it clouded up, rained, sleeted and froze all before dark. Your grandmother had a white girl, Mary Ard, staying with her and Mary built a fire under the large cooper’s shed close to the house. Here they kept warm until bedtime. The freeze continued for two weeks. It was one of the coldest spells there’s ever been in this section. Lynch’s River and the lake froze over and one could skate across them. Never before had such a thing happened and it has never happened since. Every neighbor’s house was thrown open to your grandparents, but they elected to “stay by their stuff.” Your grandfather put up a stove in a small outside house and they were comfortable enough during the day. At night they covered up well and not even the baby took cold. The Cannons had the house almost completed by May when a most important event occurred, important at least to you and to me. Your father was born. Both the Page | 53 �older children and your grandmother had whooping cough. Your grandmother had it very badly. Your grandfather had the pleurisy at that time, also. Dr. Laurence, who lived over the lake, had been attending your grandmother, but she was so ill with the whooping cough, he dreaded the responsibility and sent for his friend, Dr. Bird, from Scranton to stay with him several days and be with him during her coming confinement. Your grandfather was still uneasy so he sent to Kingstree for Dr. Scott, also. Dr. Scott was their first guest in their new home for the work was rushed on the guest room so it would be ready for his arrival. He spent several days with them. So your father was well attended when he was ushered into this world. Strange to say he did not contract the whooping cough although everyone was whooping all around him. He was ten years old before he had it. In August, the whole house was completed, except for the brick work. You see, the carpenters could only work when the farm work was not pressing. In August, then, a brick mason and his two helpers came to underpin the house and were given the back bedroom. The first night they were there the earthquake came. Everyone had gone to his room, but your grandfather and his brother, Cape, who was spending the night there. They were on the front porch. Your grandmother knelt down to say her prayers and ask she did the baby began to cry. She got in the bed, took the baby in her arms and was lying there finishing up her prayers when the shock came. The bed rocked back and forth; the chairs were tossed this way and that; your grandmother tried to rise, but until the quaking ceased, she could not even sit up. As the tremor lessened everyone rushed out to talk it over. There were no more quakes here that night for it was too far from the center of disturbance. All the next day there was one shock after another, but none as severe as the first one. It wasn’t until the mail came in from Georgetown several days later that they learned how disastrous the earthquake had been in many places. (PS The earthquake happened August 31, 1886, at 9:50 p.m.) The two older children, Sister and Bub, went to school at the Irvin schoolhouse where “Miss Nannie” taught. She taught for several years and all her old pupils have a very tender spot in their hearts for her. She brought her small children to the Page | 54 �schoolhouse and had a pallet on the floor for them to rest on. The McDaniels, Coxs, Huggins, and Eaddys, besides a few other families, sent their children to her. The school was a mile and a half from your grandmother, but the road was shady and there was plenty of company coming and going. The little girls wore white aprons over their dark dresses. And I’ve heard your grandmother tell often of how long Sister could wear her apron and still have it fresh and clean. As soon as she returned from school she replaced her white school apron with a gingham one for housework. The little boys wore knee pants and white waists with big collars and wide ruffles. Miss Nannie was a graduate of Charleston College. Your grandfather and Cousin Charlie hired her at first to come and teach their children, two in each family. Then the Irvin schoolhouse was built and she ran what was called a pay school. Each pupil paid her a dollar a month. Later she was engaged by the county to teach school in this district. That was called a free school. There were no grades but where children had the same books they were put into a class together. When the parents went to get books they got what books they could find. It made no difference if theirs were different from all the rest. The old Guffey’s and Appleton’s Readers were used chiefly. Chapter 14 Your grandparents were anxious for Sister to take music lessons and one of Cousin Charlie’s boys wanted them, too. So your grandfather and Cousin Charlie hired a teacher, who taught the children not only music but all other subjects as well. The teacher stayed at your grandfather’s as there were only two boys at Cousin Charlie’s to go to school. For the next three years, they stopped Miss Nannie’s school altogether. During these three years they had three different teachers. They were always fortunate in getting good teachers, ones who became members of the family and set a good example for the pupils under them. Your father started to school under the last one they had in the house. Page | 55 �Two other little folks were in the house now, Fitzhugh and Sadie. With an increasing family and a teacher, in addition, besides having company constantly, your grandmother always kept plenty of help. A colored woman came in every [day] to do the washing and ironing. For help with the house work and the babies, she always had a white woman or girl. She always said she rather have someone she could trust with the baby as she’d much prefer to cook than to look after the babies. Mary Ard stayed with her for several years and only left when she married. After that she had two or three different women. One of the, the little boys, Ulmer and Fitzhugh, liked to mock as she lisped so. “She says tettle for kettle and ittle for little.” Your grandmother’s mother died when Sadie was a baby and the old home and everything in it was divided among the heirs. Her mother had a good housekeeper for several years before her death. Joanne Creel asked your grandmother to let her go home with her. As your grandmother needed help then, she was glad to have her come. Several others wanted Joanne but she had a daughter just 14 and it didn’t suit everyone to have her. Your grandmother however, was glad to have her for she took almost complete charge of the baby at once. Joanne went off several times to help others for a while, but she left Mary there. While she was gone once, Mary was so badly burned that she died. Mary loved the baby, Sadie, very much and it was her chief delight to tend to her little clothes. She wouldn’t let me go into the regular wash, but washed and ironed them every day herself. She put the irons before the fire to heat that morning, while she was washing the dishes. She came into your grandmother’s room singing, with an old table cloth in her hands, and asked if she could use part of it for a dish cloth. She went back and in just a few minutes your grandmother heard a commotion and going out she saw Mary running around the house in a sheath of flames. She stretched out both arms to your grandmother and started to her. Someone passing rushed into the yard and threw his coat over her shoulders; while your grandfather ran from the house, picked up a tub of water at the well with two shads in it and dashed it over her. She was horribly burned and suffered agonies before she died. The little room near the Page | 56 �kitchen where she died was ever after that shunned by the small members of the family, especially after dark. The boys were growing rapidly and kept your grandparents busy. There are several pieces of mischief over which your grandmother laughs now and just whispers to the grandchildren, but which were justly punished at the time of their occurrence. Maum Hannah, the washerwoman, loved her pipe. One day she put down the pipe which she had just filled and went into the house for a match. The boys slipped up, emptied out the tobacco and filled it up with gunpowder from an old gun shell. They sprinkled tobacco on top of the powder. Then they sneaked off and hid where they could see, but not be seen. They could scarcely contain themselves as she pressed down the tobacco in the bowl, struck her match and began to puff. It’s well to draw the curtain here and not display what happened to Maum Hanna or the boys, for the trick was immediately laid to their door. But the boys could not leave Maum Hannah alone. On the corner of the dining room mantel there always stood a bottle of whiskey, kept there for use as medicine. Maum Hannah was a privileged character for she worked there for years and was a good and faithful servant. But everyone has his failings and Maum Hannah was no exception. She came in one day feeling very unwell so your grandmother gave her a little does of the stimulant. After that she came in full misery very often until it became a habit for her to step in sometime during the morning and put a little “tonic” in a glass and drink it to pep her up. The members of the household joked a great deal about this, but no one moved the bottle. One day Maum Hannah eyed the bottle rather solemnly for there was only about enough for one dose left. The next week when she came she went immediately to the mantel, seemingly to warm her feet, but her face brightened wonderfully when she saw the bottle in its accustomed place, not empty, but full. Later she slipped in, poured out a stiff drink and began to down it in big swallows. At the first good taste Maum Hannah left the floor while the glass went there. “Lordy! Lordy! I’se a-burning up! I’se on fire! Miss Judy! Miss Judy!” Everyone rushed in to find Maum Hannah dancing wildly and calling alternately on the Lord and Miss Judy. Catching sigh of the boys’ faces with eyes agleam, she stopped her gymnastics to shake Page | 57 �her fist at them. “Them’s the ones. Them’s the ones done it. The good-for-nothing little imps. They’s niah killed this poor old nigger.” The boys had made a mixture of sale, pepper, Sloan’s liniment, and vinegar and put it in the bottle. So great was Maum Hanna’s haste to get her drink that she failed to Page | 58 notice that it didn’t smell as it should have. Maum Hannah never bothered the bottle of “tonic” again, but several times came to your grandmother to “giv me a drap of sumpin pure dat’s been whar them boys couldn’t find hit.” The boys all became hunters at an early age. Their father was such a sportsman and loved to take the boys with him. But the boys did all their early hunting in the swamps and woods close home. They learned to shoot an old double barreled breech loader. The first time your father shot it he was kicked completely over. The year Sister was 16, she completed the work of the 10th grade. Her uncle, Lieutenant Haselden, was principal of a school in Georgetown County. He came up and gave her the examinations, which she successfully passed. Bub went off to school very soon and the younger boys, Ulmer and Fitzhugh, went back to the Irvin schoolhouse. They were little fellows and often the plow hand went to help them over the swamp. Later Sadie and Leah went to the same school. When Miss Nannie stopped teaching, Cousin Manda Simmons taught school at the old Simmons place for a few years. She taught at the same place where your grandmother had gone to school when she was a little girl. She was “Cousin Manda” to practically every child she taught. The length of the school terms under Miss Nannie and Cousin Manda was generally three months in the summer and three months in the winter when farm work would not keep the children at home. At the end of the winter term there were always elaborate exercises. The schoolhouse was always scrubbed from top to bottom, then decorated for the occasion. The original closing exercises had been more of an examination day when the teacher endeavored to show the patrons and trustees how much the pupils had learned, but they changed by degrees, until the exercises were more of an entertaining �nature. What parent wouldn’t prefer to go to see Mary representing a fairy than to hear her say “six times six is 36.” Chapter 15 The three years that there were young teachers in the house were years full of jollity and fun. Sister was just growing up and took part in all the gayeties. Weekends were gay and hilarious occasions. Young folds would gather there on Saturday and Sunday nights and were cordially welcomed by the older folk as well as by the younger ones. Much of the time was spent around the organ, the teacher or Sister playing and all the crown singing. On Saturday night, all the late and the old songs were sung with a will, and on Sunday night the hymns were enjoyed just as much. No one ever thought of singing anything but hymns on Sunday. An admirer of the organist usually patiently stood and held a lamp when she was placed at the organ. The young people, often accompanied by your grandparents, like to go to Cousin Fannie’s after dark and spend the evening. There was a big family of growing boys and girls there and everyone had a good time. The older folk sat in the living room, while the young crowd went to the large dining room to play games or to sit and talk. There were many cousins akin on both sides of the house and the young folks were constantly spending the day or night or two or three days with each other. They all loved to come to your grandparents’ best though for your grandfather and grandmother seemed to be one of them. In the winter time there was a succession of parties, while in the summer picnics held sway. The picnics were nearly always held near the river or lake where fish could be added to the menu and boating to the amusements. Among the games played at the picnics and the parties were Needle in the eye, London Bridge, Laugh and Go Foot, and Snap, but the favorite was Rock that Cinnamon. Rock that cinnamon round and round; Rock that cinnamon round. This ended up with a little dance step which caused it to be frowned upon by the elders, although it was nothing but a folk dance of the simplest kind. Page | 59 �A great part of their entertainments consisted of games wherein the boy or girl had to choose a partner. These games were in high favor with the popular girls. Many of the games were kissing games. All of their amusements were of a physical nature calling for muscular exercise. The nature of the entertainments have changed greatly in the last few years. Now the games at the parties are quieter, quite frequently calling for mental exercise; contests of one kind and another, bridge, rook and heart’s dice are all favorites, and are not found wanting when weighed in the balance with choosing and kissing games. The reason for this change must lie in the fact that a girl’s outlook on life has so radically changed. In those days a girl’s mind was set on finding the best possible husband as soon as possible. Marriage was considered the only career for woman, unless they didn’t mind being an old maid and having to be dependent on her relatives in her old days. Girls always gave the party and chose the games and naturally the trend of the games followed the trend of the girl’s thoughts and hopes. Now girls are not dependent on marriage for the independence which they thought they’d enjoy after marriage. There are all fields open to woman [sic] today, so choosing a mate is no longer the most important thing in a girl’s life. Your Uncle Fred went off to school for several years and now had a farm about five or six miles from his father’s, Cousin Charlie Huggins. He had built himself a nice house and had started a store and was doing nicely. He kept flying around Sister although she was getting ready to go to Columbia College. Each Sunday just before dark, he strolled over to your grandfather’s and went to the barn where Bub was feeding up. Your grandfather walked out and after the feeding up was over they all started to the house. Your Uncle Fred cleared his throat nervously and said, “Cousin Tay, I’d like to speak to you a minute.” Your grandfather turned and followed him to one side. Bub started, too. His father looked at him and said, “Better go on to the house, Bub.” He moved off with a backward look and said, “Huh, looks like you’ve lots of secrets, you two.” Page | 60 �After that conference plans for sending Sister to college were dropped and shortly afterwards everyone began work on her trousseau. Her father went with her to Charleston to buy what she needed. At the Sturgeons in Lake City they conferred with Mrs. Sturgeon as to materials, yardage, trimmings and patterns. She claimed the privilege of making Sister’s wedding dress and her second day dress, as her gift to the bride. Materials for household lines were bought to be beautifully embroidered at home. Table cloths and doilies were hemstitched; sheets were hemstitched, and pillow cases were embroidered and trimmed. Scarfs and center pieces galore were deemed necessary. Not only was embroider used but knitting, tatting, and crochet. Her mother helped her make two or three pretty quilts. The choicest feathers at goose picking time were made into the best of pillows and feather beds. Her father bought her a supply of blankets. Your Uncle Fred’s mother died in August before they were to be married in November. But as soon as she knew that he was to be married, she had begun to lay aside things she wanted him to have. This bed, that mattress, these spreads, those quilts were all to go to him when he started housekeeping. The kin and neighbors all had something substantial to give the young couple. One gift was a wool mattress. The ladies lavished fancy work on her. Your Uncle Fred furnished the house to suit his bride’s taste, although her father bought her a cook stove as his gift. Her wedding dress was of white brocaded satin trimmed with real lace seven or eight inches wide. She wore a veil with the orange blossom wreath. Her second dress was of Cherokee brown cashmere trimmed with red and green plain satin. The second dress was worn by the bride the day after the wedding and was of almost as much importance as the wedding dress itself. Her hat was of white satin trimmed with lilies of the valley. They were married in November 1896 at four o’clock. Mrs. Sturgeon came from Lake City in the morning to dress the bride. Two girls, Mabel Huggins and Lillian Davis, “stood up with her” while your Uncle Freed had two of his friend to support him. It was Page | 61 �just a quiet marriage at home, but all the kith and kin and neighbors came in. There were only 20-odd that remained for supper. Barbecue and several turkeys formed the backbone of the supper, and for dessert there were cakes and pies of all descriptions. The bridal pair took no honeymoon trip, but was invited out and entertained by every aunt and uncle, cousin and friend either of the possessed. In September before her marriage occurred an event worthy of describing in detail. It might well be considered as marking the beginning of a new era in this community. This was the first church festival ever held in this part of the country. The only gatherings that had been held in the neighborhoods were quilting, huskings, and house raising bees. These reached only those who were already intimate with each other; then benefited only those for whom the bees were held, and while they were enjoyed thoroughly by all partaking, still it was no recreation or rest for those helping. It meant a heavy meal to be prepared with plenty of dishes to wash up afterwards. It mean hard work before and after the hearty meal. The quilting and husking bees have so often been described that it isn’t necessary here, but at the end of a husking bee, the giver had a barn of husked cord and everyone else had sore hands and backs. At the end of a quilting bee the ladies were almost as badly off, for there’s no fun in bending over a quilting frame hour after hour, taking tiny stitches, no matter how entertaining the company is. The festival, however, called together all the members of the church. It was the beginning of the welding together of the various neighborhoods into one community with one aim and one purpose. Therefore, it was the beginning of progress in a countryside that had remained almost dormant since the war. The festival called for no labor on the part of the participants. Everyone was willing to pay little money for something out of the ordinary, something to talk about. Besides the money they spent was to be re-spent for something they all would get the benefit of, something they all could enjoy. This festival was a lawn party and was held at Uncle Steven Haselden’s. He had several girls and boys near the age of your Aunt Maggie. But this wasn’t just a frolic for the young people. Everybody, young and old went. The women carried their babies. Page | 62 �Most of them came in wagons and as it was very warm the babies were made comfortable on the hay with a quilt spread over it. Uncle Steven’s house was just across the road from where the parsonage now stands in Johnsonville. Close to it was a large turpentine still. The skimmings from the crude sap were thrown out in a great heap and when it cooled this dross was as hard as a rock, and burned like the fattest lightwood. There were large piles of dross and good sized lumps of it were knocked off, placed upon scaffolds about waist high and then set ablaze. This gave the brightness of daylight to the scene. Inside the house in the dining room a regular hot supper was served, turkey and barbecue with all its fixings, at 50 cents a plate. There was nothing stingy about those plates full, either. Outside in the lights of the beacons were stands where lemonade and little cakes and ice cream were sold. These stands were thronged with customers until everything was gone. It was the first ice cream ever made in this community and was considered a great treat. The ice was shipped up Black Mingo from Georgetown to the bridge 12 miles from Johnsonville. It was brought from the bridge on a wagon, half a days trip at least, so of a hundred pounds of ice there wasn’t too much left. The ice cream was made from boiled custard, made with cream and eggs. One egg for every cup of cream was the rule. The custard was poured 50 pound tin lard cans and covered. These cans were placed in large zinc or wooden tubs, surrounded by ice and salt and vigorously turned back and forth until it was frozen through. At intervals, the cans had to be opened and the frozen cream around the sides scraped off and the whole stirred so it would freeze through and through. Two cakes were raffled off at the festival and Miss Core Huggins bore them both home. There were games and entertainments for all that night, but the chief interest aside from the supper itself was the crowning of the queen of the festival. Old Johnsonville Church had never had an organ and some of the enterprising young members had decided they must have one. Hence, the church festival. They made enough that night to get the organ, the same organ that still serves us every Sunday. Page | 63 �The September night had been warm when the crowd gathered at dusk, but it few colder and colder. Many were without wraps, but preferred to shiver rather than to leave. Around the big lights were the most popular spots, though. There was a killing frost before daylight. Page | 64 The Atlantic Coast Corporation had been very recently organized at this time. Some of the Johnsonville boys who were working with the company came home for the occasion. That company was and is important in the development of our section of the country. There were some far-sighted men at the head of that company. The country was heavily timbered. Most of the trees were virgin pines. Much of it had been tapped and boxed when the woods were worked for turpentine, but the scars were not very deep nor very high up. The heads of the company could see the immense value locked up in these swamps and forests, but methods of transportation were lacking. The nearest railroad was 25 miles away. They took a risk and richly did they profit by it. They sent representatives throughout the country and bought the timber rights on every piece of time land they possibly could. The contract gave the owner the right to use all the time and wood he needed for his personal use, but he must not cut it for commercial purposes. The contract also retained the right for the company to cut the timber anytime during the next 20 years. They owners sold their timber rights for a mere nominal sum, although it looked like good money then as it was paid in cash on the signing of the contract. The Coast Company did not start operations on this timber until about two years before the time was out. They worked it over during the war and the years immediately succeeding it when the value of the time was at its highest point. They carried out thousands of dollars worth of good time off these lands. Chapter 16 Life after they finally settled down in their own home was good to your grandmother, but as she had endured and grown under the hardships of the first years of marriage, now she stood prosperity with dignity. �Twice a year now they went shopping in Charleston. Your grandfather always went, and whenever she could, your grandmother went, too. Often one of the children accompanied them. They would leave home after dinner, spend the night in Lake City, and take the train next morning for Charleston. They stayed at the National House on King Street until it went out of business, then they always stayed at the Mosely House. These were great trips and were eagerly anticipated. They generally remained at least a week. Your grandfather bought barrels of flour, rice, and sugar, and great cans of coffee. He had them shipped up by boat to Smith’s Mill. He kept these groceries on hand and paid his laborers off with groceries instead of cash. All their dry goods were bought on these trips, bolts of homespun and bleach and quantities of dress goods. T5he medicine chest was replenished at least once a year: castor oil; salts; liver medicine; fever tonics; quinine; paregoric, and laudanum, and Sloan’s Liniment. Laudanum and paregoric were the only relief they could obtain from pain and a large supply of them was kept on hand. Most of the liniments and salves were made at home. The salves, and liniments as well, were made most of tallow, turpentine, and kerosene. Your grandfather had that large tool chest in the barn made and filled it with over a hundred dollars worth of carpenter tools. He had quite a mechanical turn hi8mself and although he didn’t follow that trade at all, he like to have the tools handy for any little job he might undertake. People borrowed them right and left. He never could refuse to lend and it wasn’t long before his tool box was nearly empty. On every trip to Lake City they stayed at the Sturgeon House. Mrs. Sturgeon was a personal friend and she also did most of your grandmother’s sewing, and your Aunt Maggie’s, as well, as she grew up. It seems a long distance to go to have a dress made, but women didn’t have the dresses they do now. One dress in the spring and another in the fall was what the majority of them had. Of course, they had house dresses, but these were usually of a dark material and made for wear and not for looks. An apron was always worn, a gingham apron when there was work to be done, but it was laid aside for a white one when work was over. Page | 65 �Circuses and carnivals were frequent in those days and not one came to Lake City that your grandfather took everything on the place large enough to go. He never outgrew his fondness for seeing the children enjoy themselves. They’d go to town very early in the morning, leaving the house before dawn and get there in time to see the parade. He’d stand with the smallest on his shoulders and the others close around. Anyone seeing him would have declared he was the biggest boy of them all. He took them to see the afternoon and night performances, spent the night at the Sturgeon Hotel and drove home next morning. At the time of the World’s Fair in Chicago, he persuaded your grandmother to go with him. Fitzhugh was the baby. Mary Ard was there; and a neighbor woman and her husband, who frequently took charge of things on their trips to Charleston, were to stay at the house and look after things for them. Your grandmother want to go and finally let them persuade her that the children would be all right. Clothes were bought and made, suitcases packed and your grandmother, with many misgivings, put on her new dress. It was so far from the baby. What if something happened? She told them all goodbye, lingered a little over the baby and started to the buggy, then turned. “You go on, Tay. I just can’t leave the baby. He might get sick. I wouldn’t have an easy minute.” In spite of the remonstrances and pleas, she remained firm. She tried to get her husband to go on without her, but he refused saying it wouldn’t be any fun alone, doing the things they had planned to do together. So they both stayed. When the Exposition was in Charleston, however, she went and enjoyed the fair with a clear conscience. The older children were all of an age when they could go, too, and appreciate it. There were five older children and the two babies, Lean and Rupert, by that time. Your Aunt Maggie had two babies of her own by that time, so she kept the small children and let your grandmother with two of the large boys go. Later your grandmother kept the babies so your Aunt Maggie could go. Your grandfather’s brothers and their wives were constantly in and out of his home. He loved to have them come and so did your grandmother. The nieces and Page | 66 �nephews on both sides of the house enjoyed coming and often stayed weeks at a time, even after your Aunt Maggie was married. Nearly every weekend some of his brothers or her sisters came on Saturday and stayed until late Sunday or early Monday. Sunday there was always a great crown there Page | 67 to eat dinner and supper, so Saturday as an extra busy day. Such cooking up as there was ‘Twould make your mouth water to even hear of it; pies, cakes, hams, chickens or turkeys, large enough so they generally had one, or two for special occasions, for every Sunday from early fall until spring. Your grandfather always tended to the chickens, turkeys and the like Following an old turkey hen to her nest was great sport to him. One time he set a turkey on 14 eggs and she hatched 15 little pullets! He never could account for the extra turkey, but supposed the hen had laid another egg after he had shut her up to set. Next to tracking a turkey to her nest, he liked to hunt for the guineas’ nest. It was no rare sight to see him come in with 60 or 70 eggs at a time when he had found where the guineas had made their nests. Then, besides the baking and cooking on Saturday, the house must be thoroughly cleaned, for there was no telling who’d be there the next day. The dining room, kitchen and back porch must be scrubbed, the yards must be swept and the children must have an extra bath. It is a wonder that your grandmother survived Saturdays. Chapter 17 The next day at church they lingered in the church yard until they had spoken to everyone and shaken every hand. No one was in a hurry to leave. It was the only social outlet most of them enjoyed and they made the most of it. Invariably at parting the invitation was given, “Drive by the house and take dinner.” Sometimes the answer was, “I can’t go today. You come go with me.” Or else it was, “I don’t mind if I do. I haven’t been to see you in quite a spell.” No matter how many accepted her invitation it didn’t bother your grandmother for she had plenty cooked and to spare. She took great pride in her reputation of setting a good table at all times. �The parsonage was at Rome, nine miles away and the pastor served four churches. Rome and Good Hope twice a month and Muddy Creek and Old Johnsonville twice. When it was preaching Sunday at Old Johnsonville, they all wet there, but on other Sundays they went to Muddy Creek or to Prospect. They were duty bound to go to church somewhere. There were a few buggies to come to church but very few. When the family was ready to go to church the wagon was brought out; chairs were placed in it for the grown-ups and clean fresh hay put in for the children to ride on. Oxcarts were numerous and those who drove them were as highly thought of as any of the others. Cousin Robert Cox had a big double seated phaeton, built much like a stage coach. On Sundays a pair of mules were hitched to it and the family went in style. Your grandfather bought his first horse after they had built their new homes and always kept a fine horse after that. He had several nice horses before the bought old Buffalo. He wasn’t old Buffalo then, but a young fiery horse. Your grandfather drove him generally hitched to a road cart. Your grandmother preferred the older, steadier horse when she drove off. Buffalo was a member of the family until he was of ripe old age and everyone had forgotten that he had ever been dangerous to drive. The day before preaching services were held at Old Johnsonville the pastor came from Rome and stayed with your grandmother. He was sure of a hearty welcome, plenty to eat and good company. Sometimes he spent a week visiting among his old Johnsonville congregation. Then your grandmother’s home was his headquarters. They liked all the preachers, but Preacher Baker was so constantly in their home they could hardly help being especially fond of him. The children all called him Uncle Baker. The guest room was called Uncle Baker’s room, and the bed in it was Uncle Baker’s bed. He told your grandfather and Cousin Charlie one day, “You boys are always going fishing. I want to go next time. But mind now, Tay, I hear you two often carry a bottle along with you. You leave it at home when I go, you hear?” Page | 68 �They set a time and on the day appointed the three went fishing. Cousin Charlie had a flat pocket flask which he filled with cold coffee. It could have been mistaken for grape or berry wine from the color. After they had fished for a while Uncle Baker said, “My, I’m thirsty.” Cousin Charlie’s flask was produced on the spot, “Have a drink, then.” The offer was indignantly refused so Cousin Charlie poured out some and drank it off, then offered the flask to your grandfather, “Have a drink, Tay.” “I don’t mind if I do,” and when he’d drained his first cup your grandfather calmly poured another. “Taylor Eaddy, don’t you take another drop. You’ll be turning us all over,” said Uncle Baker. But your grandfather said, “Oh, I can stand a lot of this,” and he drank the second cup. There was an explosive silence for a short space, then Uncle Baker broke out, pointing to the hill. “Take me back this instant. Put me back on shore. I wouldn’t stay here with you another minute.” They thought they’d carried the joke far enough so began to explain. It took a great deal of explanation and he had to smell the contents of the flask before he’d believe them, but when he was convinced, he took the joke good naturedly and enjoyed the fun. The salesmen, agents, and travelers all stopped at Taylor Eaddy’s overnight when they were working out this way. His hospitality was known far and wide and his wife enjoyed the company as much as he did. During campaign speakings the candidates all stayed there. In the summertime often the children had to give up their rooms to the visitors and sleep in a pallet on the floor of their mother’s room. Not one cent did they ever take from anyone passing the night there. The guests and their horses were given supper and breakfast, and sent on their way rejoicing. Some men from Tennessee selling lightning rods made their headquarters there. As they were there from May until November, they paid board. There were eight men in and out and they kept six or eight horses. When they left their board bill was only $75. The men selling Home Comfort ranges came by in a spring wagon with a range in the back of it. They demonstrated the unbreakable-ness of it by throwing the caps down on the floor with force. The oven door was let down and a horse led up. The Page | 69 �demonstration placed the horse’s front feet on this door to show its strength. With these stoves came a kettle, a pot, and a copper frying pay, as well as a large sized baking pan. Your grandmother bought one which certainly served her faithfully for many years. In fact, the inside of the old copper reservoir is still here in daily use. They Page | 70 cost then $175 and were paid for in installments. A great many of them were sold. One day when the presiding elder was taking dinner with them there was quite an accident. There were several other guest present that day, Uncle Sam Huggins among them. Uncle Sam was sitting about the middle of the table on one side and was talking away at a great rate, arguing some question with the presiding elder. Just as he thumped on the table with his fist to emphasize his point, the table bent and gave way right in the middle. All the dishes slid downwards while the gravy spilled into everything. After the excitement subsided, the diner roared with laughter and teased Uncle Sam about knocking down the table. It was an extension table, but after this incident, it ceased to be extendable for your grandfather nailed good stout boards to each side so there’d be no more catastrophes. That table is still in daily use at your grandmother’s today. Plodding down the road at fairly regular intervals one was apt to see a darkskinned man with a large pack on his back. He was the peddler, a well-known visitor to every home. In that pack was everything from notions to dress goods. Combs, mirrors, mouth organs, beads, laces, gloves, knives, hose, gingham, and silk goods all were displayed when that pack was spread open. Children crowded around to see, crying with their elders in ‘ohing and ahing’ [sic] at his stock. The male portion of the family pretended to be above such childishness, but he kept a keen eye out for all that. When Mary wanted a strong of beads or Johnny the knife his hands were quick to come out of his pocket with the necessary change. Not quite so quick was he at all times when the wife eyed some piece of finery longingly and then looked at him questioningly. The peddler was a shrewd fellow and when he saw that the housewife had set her mind on a certain thing, he usually talked at the man, cutting his price and extolling the quality of this wonderful bargain. Seldom did he miss making a sale. Most of the peddlers were Italians. The majority of them followed a certain route, penetrating into the most �remote habitations. They knew by-ways and paths that very few ever traveled. Occasionally, a new peddler made his appearance. Besides the peddler with notions and dry goods, there was a tin peddler. He could be heard as soon as he was seen. Some of these used a little cart or covered van; Page | 71 some came on horseback with their goods hung in packs on each side of the saddle. Still others walked with their packs on their backs. Not only did they have new pots and pans to sell, but they carried their solder and soldering iron with them. Many a hole did they mend in the vessels the women brought out to them. At times there could be seen a queer sight approaching down the road. As the objects drew nearer it could be seen that they were a brown bear led by a man with dark skin and hair and flashing white teeth. The bear was usually muzzled, but he was made to look as fierce as possible. The advent of these comers drew young and old. The bear had a few tricks to perform and he took up a collection. Nearly everyone gave a few pennies. They had enjoyed the few minutes of fun and of something out of the ordinary. They all felt a sense of pity for this man without a home. They might have but little, but this man had less. He and his bear generally spent the night in the open, if the weather was rough, he sometimes received permission to sleep in an outhouse or barn. These foreigners, unlike the peddlers who seemed of a superior class, were usually dirty and uninviting looking. They were so unprepossessing in their appearance that all were glad when they moved on although they had enjoyed the sight of the bear. Another welcome visitor was the man with the hand organ and the monkey. The monkey with his red can and little red coat created more interest than anything that ever went through this country. The children and grown-ups liked the tunes played on the hand organ and they especially liked the monkey. Chapter 18 Johnsonville, where your grandmother first lived, was named for her mother’s family. Their first, and for a long time the only, post office in this section was in Johnsonville. All the families in that community attended church at Old Johnsonville. �At the beginning of this century in Johnsonville proper, S. B. Poston had a good general mercantile business. Besides being a shopping center for that district, he “ran” the farmers, as it was called. He took a lien on their next year’s crop and then supplied them with fertilizers, dry goods and groceries. At Lambert’s, W. C. Hemingway and Company were doing the same thing. Beyond Johnsonville there was a large establishment at the Half Moon; while on the other side of Lambert, D. F. Rhem had the largest business of all. Nothing but a country store, but it reached the farmers and laborers for miles in every direction. Smith’s Mill, on the Pee Dee about 12 miles from Old Johnsonville, was a large lumber mill. There were a score or more of houses for the mill hands; several nice houses for the manager, overseers, and bookkeeper, and the Smith home itself, which was almost palatial. There was a large commissary, of course, connected with the mill. Each of the above named places was just a post office and a large general store with a small number of dwellings around the store. The post office was always located in the store and the storekeeper was generally, but not invariably, the postmaster, as well. The nearest town was Lake City, and it was little more than a village. There was no close market for the produce raised by the farmers. All the cotton had to be shipped by boat to Georgetown and sold there; some few raised rice for a while, but that soon played out. A couple of maiden ladies raised a large flock of turkeys and you’d never guess how they got those turkeys to market. The turkeys were as tame as could be, so there was no difficulty in driving them, but I think most people would hesitate to drive a flock of 20 or 30 turkeys 40 miles to the market in Georgetown. But, that is what those ladies did each fall, and probably got quite a kick out of the adventure. The ladies drove the buggy with the turkeys in front of them. At night they stopped near a house. The turkeys roosted in the trees, while the ladies themselves had no trouble finding lodging for the night. In the day time they took it along very slowly so the turkeys would be in good shape when they reached market. It took them over a week to get to Georgetown and they and two ferries to cross. I don’t know how they managed to get the turkeys across on the ferry, but managed they did. Page | 72 �These post office had been developed from the lengthening and branching out of the bi-weekly route from Lake City to Johnsonville. The mail now came every day. One carrier had the contract for the distance he could conveniently go and return in a day. Where he stopped another carrier began so that numerous post offices had sprung up the beginning of this century. Except for the development of the post offices and large general stores the country had remained almost dormant since the close of the war. So far from the railroad were the people here that the outside world had little meaning for the majority of them. There were a few who took the daily paper and the news was a day old when it got there; there were a few who went off to school, but the large majority of the people only attended the three months school long enough to learn to write their names and to read with an effort. “Me and my wife and my son, John, and his wife” was their immediate interest. To raise enough food to feed the large family of children most of them had was their sole thought and anxiety. In the early years of 1900’s, N. H. Venters ran out a route and took the contract to carry the mail from Lake City to the Cross Roads and so the Venters post office was established. Many other little offices sprang up too at this time. One of these was Chapman, right near where your Uncle Fred and Aunt Maggie were living, half way between the Cross Roads and Smith’s Mill. For several years now there had been a doctor living in Johnsonville, later there were two of them and though they kept changing there was always at least one good doctor there. About the time the post office at Venters was established by Dr. Hemingway, and a little later Dr. Baker settled in Lamberts, where Dr. Hemingway’s father had a large store. Dr. Hemingway very soon began discussing the possibility of founding a graded school. He was ably supported by several of the men in the community, but especially was he backed by Mr. S. B. Poston on Johnsonville and Mr. Jeff Rollins of the Venters neighborhood. It wasn’t long before they had everyone enthusiastic on the subject, except a few who declared that a graded school such as they wanted would raise their taxes until they’d be unbearable. Through Dr. Hemingway’s effort the district was run Page | 73 �out and the election arranged for. He managed and pushed everything through. He was a popular young doctor with a persuasive tongue; he had nothing to gain personally by his efforts and he had his way with the people. His plans were successful and as the Cross Roads was a central point and the church was already there, it was natural for the school to follow. In the rural districts one generally finds the schoolhouse beside the church. The church is built first and the schoolhouse comes after, just as sure as sunshine follows rain. The schoolhouse was built on the church grounds, land given years before the church by Mr. Ard. The post office at Venters was in Blane’s store. This store was a two storied building on the corner opposite Mr. Cox’s store. The top floor of this was partitioned off and the new school with three teachers started to work in the fall of 1902. The principal and his assistants had a job on their hands; to classify and grade those children. Some were reading sixth and seventh grade readers and were still learning their multiplication tables; some were working fractions and still using primary readers; some were advanced in geography and knew nothing about history and vice versa. The teachers attempted to grade them as far as possible in six grades. Dr. Hemingway, Mr. Rollins and Mr. Poston were made trustees and they served in this capacity as long as Old Johnsonville was the center of the community, some 13 or 14 years. Miss Cora Huggins was one of the teachers. She was a college graduate and was well fitted for her work. She was a home girl and took an even greater interest in the school than did the other teachers. During that first year through her efforts the teachers worked up and presented three entertainments, which needed her enough to buy a piano for the school. It might be slander to say so, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it wasn’t the same old piano we have at the schoolhouse now. It sounds as if it were that old and it certainly looks battle scarred enough. While the school was being run as best the teachers could under the circumstances the plans for the new building were being pushed as fast as possible. The land cost nothing as it was church property on which it was built. Money for the building itself was raised largely by subscriptions. Many who had no money gave their Page | 74 �work, and so the Old Johnsonville School was built. Money for the equipment was raised mainly from entertainments and hot suppers. For three years the school was taught in the old Blane store, and then they moved into the new building. The second year there were plenty of pupils for four teachers, but they lacked space, so the three teachers did the best they could. The first year in the modern two-storied building four teachers were engaged and the school grew apace. Its first class of seven graduated in 1907 from the 10th grade. A great commencement celebrated this event. There were three nights of it; one night the primary grades had their exercise, a most elaborate cantata; the next night the upper grades had their innings. Sunday was a big day with the baccalaureate sermon preached by as big a man as they get for the occasion; and the commencement wound up with the graduating exercise on Monday night. Your father and Uncle Fitzhugh attended very irregularly. They were big boys by now and could do much on the farm. But your Aunt Leah and Aunt Sadie attended whenever the weather permitted. They had a three mile walk and often it wasn’t feasible for them to go. Besides the commencements, which were of course free, at least two entertainments were given a year. Sometimes the cast was drawn from the student body. Again it was the teachers and young folks of the community that gave the play. Many of the actors showed unexpected ability and were great favorites with their audience. An entertainment to which we can scarcely get an attendance today when it is free brought out people within a 12 miles radius. Entertainments then drew crowds from far and near. An oyster supper in the fall, a hot supper in the winter, and an ice cream supper in the spring always followed the entertainment. And how the money did roll in! The boys and young men especially bought until their last cent was none. Men with families were not far behind them. At one hot supper, the supper was sold in one room and a smaller one fitted up with a counter built around the store. Here hot chocolate and homemade candy was sold. The teachers had labored for a week before hand in the afternoons after school Page | 75 �hours to make plenty of candy. As it was in the late fall, the room was profusely decorated with autumn leaves, gold rod and asters. The candy and hot chocolate sold out like magic and soon nothing was left but the decorations; still the young bloods were jingling their money, anxious to spend it. So the enterprising young teacher began Page | 76 selling bouquets from the decorations at 50 cents a pierce and gathered in $5 in just a few minutes. When the principal reprimanded her for taking their money for nothing, she defended herself by saying, “It was for a good cause. And besides, if they hadn’t spent it here, they’d spend it foolishly somewhere else.” At these entertainments cakes were auctioned or raffled off. The raffles were frowned upon by many of the strict church members, but it brought in so much money that the custom persisted. Votes were sold at five cents each. A boy picked out the girl he wanted to have the cake and after buying as many votes as he could himself, he went around soliciting votes from his friends. The contest between the voters for two or three girls would be hot and heavy sometimes. The girl who received the most votes proudly carried the cake home with her. It was always a thing of beauty to look at as well as a joy to eat. Often a cake brought in an incredible sum. Your grandmother baked one at one time that brought in $70. The amount received for the cakes was always clear gain, for the cakes were always given by one of the patrons of the school. Indeed it was considered a great honor to be asked to make a cake to be raffled off. Box suppers were another sure way of clearing up a tidy sum for the school. Every young lady and girl, and the older ladies too, when they felt inclined, fixed up a box of dainties, put her name on the inside, then decorated the outside with as much taste as she possessed. Those boxes were auctioned off to the highest bidder; then the owner of the box ate supper with the buyer. If a swain had a suspicion of which was his best girl’s box, he’d run the bid up until he got it. And just as surely as the other boys saw he was bent on getting that particular box, they’d begin to bid against him. That would get his “dander” up. He was determined no one else should have her box and eat supper with her while he looked on from afar. Often a box brought in $10 of $15, a high price for supper I’d call that. �The general stores here and at Lake City carried practically no luxuries. Their stock consisted of necessities. A few boxes of stick candy was kept on hand for any who might be feeble minded enough to buy it. It was not as a rule kept on display but back on a shelf out of the way. So when people’s simple needs were filled there was little urge to spend their money. These school and church entertainments were about their only form of indulgence. And in better changes and equipment for their children, they received in full the value of the money so spent. Chapter 19 The graded school was the greatest factor in welding the isolated neighborhoods into an enterprising community. The daily mail at the local post office was another. For even the men who did not subscribe to a daily paper went to the post office at mail time and heard the news or at least the headlines, read and discussed. And so an interest was being awakened as to what was going on in the world at large. The telephone came through here about the same time the school started. Mr. Poston at the Half Moon had a line run to his store from Lake City. There was only one telephone in Lake City then, at Sturgeon’s store. From the Half Moon a party line of 12 ran out, which went by devious ways from one to another of the 12 houses or stores on the line. When the phone rang, the receiver at all 12 stations went down and the news told over it reached half the countryside in a few hours. The telephone was a great satisfaction to your grandmother and grandfather. Your Aunt Maggie lived at Chapman’s post office about six miles from home. She and your Uncle Fred went to her home every Sunday morning and stayed there until late that night or the next morning. But her health wasn’t good and the telephone kept them in constant touch with her. Your grandfather couldn’t go more than two or three days without seeing her. About the middle of the week, he’d hitch up old Buffalo, pick up his babies, and say, “Got to go see Maggie. Haven’t seen her since Sunday.” As the grandbabies came along, he was foolishly proud and fond of them. His youngest son and his second grandson were almost the same age and took great Page | 77 �delight in his three fine boys. Your father has so often said when you all were small, “How pa would have loved these babies, if he had lived.” The low country was for years and years considered very unhealthy. In fact, our earliest historians all make that statement in their histories. The drinking water available Page | 78 was one of the chief causes of this belief, the amount of swamp land was another. The dwellers of the upcountry considered it as certain death to visit the low country in the summer or fall. The drinking water, if the weather was all rainy, was not pure and was likely to cause diseases of one kind or another. About the time the people in the community were awakening to other facts the artesian wells were brought to their attention. With all the enthusiasm with which they welcomed anything new, they began to dig artesian wells. One was put down at the church to replace the old well, which kept caving in, or at least it had until they put a big Cypress Baum curbing in it. The well at the church now has the finest flow of any well around here and everyone passing stoops at the Old Johnsonville well for a cool drink. Over 300 feet deep, no matter how dry a spell we have the flow is just as strong. Everyone who could afford to have one bored out in an artesian well and so the problem of drinking imputer water was solved. The wells cost about 50 cents a foot to bore; the average well is 300 feet, so it cost around $150 to have one put in. The Cross Roads was beginning to be civilized as compared to the turbulent days after the war when it was known as Buzzard’s Roost, when a decent man, let alone a woman, wouldn’t be seen around there in the week, when on Saturday it was the resort of all the worst characters, when drinking and gambling were the rules and there was even an occasional shooting to add to its back reputation. It had lost much of its ill repute before the school was established; in fact, it began to improve soon after the church was built. A whiskey shop doesn’t thrive close to a church. On Saturday afternoon and night it was still rather wild at times. But that was so wherever there was a general store and post office. Men, coming to the store to buy their week’s supplies were sure to go by the whiskey shop. If they didn’t buy the whiskey sold by permission of the government there was plenty of “white mule” sold on the sly. Saturday was one day when no self-respecting woman put her foot into a store �nor was she seen on the road unless accompanied by someone capable of protecting her from insults from the drinking rowdies she was apt to meet anywhere. This was not only true at the country stores, but at every small town and village. Your Uncle Bub put up a large mercantile business at the Cross Roads soon after Page | 79 the school started. His first store was the building now used as a dwelling close to the railroad. But he soon outgrew it and built a larger one on the corner where the Gasters now have their home. This rapidly developed into a profitable business. He ran the famers as did the other merchants. The farmers planted cotton entirely as a money crop for years. Rice had never been a very profitable crop this high up. The large rice plantations were farther south, closer to the coast. The farmers went into debt each spring for fertilizers and supplies. In the fall, they were forced to sell their cotton to pay the merchant, no matter what cotton was selling for. Their debts and rents, if they rented, or taxes if they didn’t, usually took all their money. But they had plenty of food to carry them through the winter. Tobacco planting was introduced into this section about this time. It had been planted successfully over the river for several years and now farmers turned to it as an additional money crop. At first only the big farmers could plant it. They hired men who had worked at it in Virginia and Kentucky to direct the planting, cultivating, gathering, and curing. This made it too expensive for the small farmer. As they became more familiar with it, and the treatment of it, they began to plant small patches round about to try it out. It soon became the leading money crop. All the work on the tobacco crop, except for a few days in the spring when the plants are set out, is done in the summer months during vacation. This fact has helped the children in getting to school, for the cotton planters could never let the children come to school in the fall until all the cotton was picked. The church circuit was changed also about the time the school was built. The pastor on this charge was given the four churches of Good Hope, Muddy Creek, Old Johnsonville and Prospect. The parsonage was built close to Old Johnsonville Church. It �stood almost where Mr. Brown’s residence now stands. The land for the house and garden was given by Mr. Venters. Money for the parsonage was raised mainly by the ladies of the church, who gave festivals, suppers, sold candy and cakes, and held raffles. Some money was raised Page | 80 by subscription. The lumber was donated. Many gave their work and just before it was conference time as the parsonage was still uncompleted the whole community turned out. The men went to the parsonage early in the morning with their tools and started to work. The women followed later with the children and the dinner. And they spent the day for after dinner the women cleaned up while the mend put on the finishing touches. The first preacher to live in the new parsonage was Preacher Owings. He was a widower and Ms. Nannie was then a widow, so … The first time they came to your grandmother’s after they married, Miss Nannie put both arms around your father and Uncle Fitzhugh, who were great boys then, and kissed them. Mr. Owings shook his head over such proceedings and told the boys they’d have to be careful whom they kissed hereafter. He didn’t allow such good looking boys to kiss his wife. That good man and his wife died just last summer. In 1095 your father was taken very ill. Dr. Hemingway pronounced it appendicitis and said he must be carried to John Hopkins immediately. Your grandfather sold a piece of land to get the money to defray expenses. He generally had plenty of hand for everyday use. But this was quite an undertaking and cost more than he could put his hand son without selling his land. Public opinion was very much against any such proceeding as an operation. They thought it was flying in the face of God to allow one’s self to be cut open. No one in this whole section had every had an operation and most of the people took “No stock in such doings.” Your grandfather was advised on all sides not to do it, but he had faith in Dr. Hemingway, so off they set. He stayed in Baltimore with your father the two weeks he was kept there. Quite a delegation met them in Lake City on their return and a regular reception was held when they reached home. He was regarded almost as one who comes from the dead. And the wonder was still greater when the day after his return, he went to work and pitched hay all day. �Chapter 20 In 1907 your grandfather had a stroke which laid him up for some time, but he recovered and seemed as well as ever. He even walked to Snow’s Lake on more than one occasion, a distance of nine or ten miles. He had high blood pressure and if the doctors had known then what they do now about treating it, no doubt he’d lived to a ripe old age. As it was, only a year later he had another and fatal stoke. He was only 58. Your Uncle Bub was staying at the Cross Roads, your father and Uncle Fitzhugh were both working away from home so that left only the three younger children at home with your grandmother. She couldn’t manage the large farm nor stay there alone. Besides, the school was such a distance away. One of the mortgages she had bought in when her father died was over the Grier home at the Cross Roads. This she had not sold when she let her other mortgages go. Now it was decided best for her to leave her old home and move to Stony Run, as the place was known. The house was worked over, the walls papered, and the chimneys rebuilt before they moved in. the old place was rented out, as was the farm land at Stony Run. For 21 years she had lived at the old place and her life had become firmly rooted there. It was hard to leave. The fruit trees had all been put out since they moved there and most of the shade trees, as well. She knew her neighbors as she did herself and they were neighbors in the truest sense. The house had been built for her. The furniture had grown to a part of the house. They’d look and feel strange anywhere else. The deer antlers that hung on the front porch to serve as a hat rack belonged there. Your grandfather had killed the deer and hung the horns up himself long before. Above the big old wardrobe was the rack where his gun had stayed, time out of mind. The rack is still there and the shadow that the gun left on the wall. Here her babies had been born; here she had lost one little son; here her eldest had married and gone to a home of her own. There is a saying that a house is not a home until there has been a birth, a death, and a marriage in it. So this had been her Page | 81 �home. But when a thing seemed best, your grandmother could always yield with grace. Besides it didn’t seem much like home without your grandfather. So the move was made. She rented the two horse farm for $250. That was big rent for that time, but here was every convenience there and it was fixed up much better than most farms were that were rented. She had nothing to live on now but her rent from her farms. But even when she had plenty, she was a careful spender and now she knew how to make every penny count. The first automobile seen in this country was owned by a man in Georgetown, but was used by Mr. Snow in going around and taking orders for groceries at the various country stores. It was a white Buick, and could be heard for some time before it was seen. All, both young and old, rushed to the road to see it pass. It was an interesting object of discussion: its speed; its wheel; its motor; its noise, and particularly its smell. Women were heard to declare that they never expected to put their foot in such a thing. Some of the local doctors soon indulged in one, but the old gray mare was used much more often that the shining car was. When a car was bought, a chauffeur was hired to run it. It was considered a great thing to be able to drive a car. The chauffeur was a popular hero and took advantage of his popularity. It was a common sight to see one strutting around with his cap and leggings on, followed and admired by a group of envious youth. Today, we see the aviator enacting the same role. By degrees other citizens bought cars and learned to drive them. The women equipped themselves with voluminous veils and automobile coats. The roads were narrow, rough and unabridged. If one took a trip to Lake City and returned without having to stop once or twice to fix a tire, a spring or some other vital part, it was talked of for weeks. In rainy spells, they couldn’t the used at all. The streams rose so that it was impossible to drive a car through without drowning out the engine. It wasn’t very pleasant to have to get out, pull off one’s shoes and stockings, roll u one’s trousers and push the car out of the water to dry land and then maybe not be able to get it cranked Page | 82 �for half an hour or more. A horse, in the rainy weather, was the only resort unless one walked. Gasoline was a problem, too, just at first. There were no filling stations at every corner. Can you imagine such a thing! Each car owner had to buy his drum of gasoline and have it shipped up by boat. Page | 83 Cars were a necessity in the up country long before they were at all practical here, on account of the streams having to be forded. Streams that were too large to be forded were easier to cross than the smaller ones. The larger creeks or rivers all had ferries and the automobiles could cross in these as easily as could a buggy. Smith’s Mill closed down shortly after your grandmother moved to Stoney Run. The company bankrupted and Mr. Smith, with his family and his corps of works left. The fine old house with all its nice furniture was left untenanted and was finally burned by some careless fisherman or traveler. Huge pieces of machinery were left at the mill to ruse away. The large mill with its equipment was a wonder for its day and those thousands of dollars worth of valuable machinery were never used again. Your grandmother says she has seen the great iron jaws swoop down from the second story, pick up out of the water a log ten to 20 feet long and as large around as a barrel, carry it up and place it on the skidder with movements that seemed almost human. There were saws for every purpose and of every size. Fifteen or 20 men, mostly colored, were kept on a trot stacking the lumber s the saws ripped up the logs. There isn’t much left there now. The houses have all been burned. The mill itself has rotted down. The machinery fell to the ground as its supports gave way and was buried by the debris as it crumbled up. Many of the pieces that could be detached were carried away by fishermen and others wandering around. Chapter 21 The church had begun to experience a change now. Buggies and carriages were common. The top buggy, with steel rimmed wheels, was generally used; a rubber tired buggy was the height of extravagance and the object of envy. They really caused more envy than the cars in those early days. An auto seemed totally out of reach for most �people, but a rubber tired buggy might someday be attained. An occasional wagon was still seen at church, but no ox carts. Old Johnsonville had outgrown that vehicle. The elite from Johnsonville, Lamberts and the surrounding country, came in their alike and fine dresses with new hats twice a year. The poorer people came in what they Page | 84 had with hats that lasted as long as a hat pin could hold it on their heads. One good woman with a large family wore a sky blue hat every Sunday, summer and winter for several years and never did she seem the least bit self-conscious nor was she made to feel so by any of the congregation. She had the respect of everyone. The living of these merchants, doctors, and professional people all depended on the farmers and right well did they know it. They knew which side their bread was buttered on and besides, they were well bred folk. In fact, they were not so far removed from that stage of progress themselves, but they still felt that “The Colonel’s lady and Judy O’Grady are sisters under the skin.” Every woman, elite or not, brought their babies with them. And the songs were sung and the prayers were prayed and the sermons were preached to the constant accompaniment of coos and cries and soft whisperings and the hushed footsteps of mothers or fathers or little sisters bearing out a quarrelsome youngster. The mothers all carried cookies or bread or cake in a paper and there was a rustle, rustle as Mary or Johnny leaned over and announced in a stage whisper, “I’m hungry.” But the preacher didn’t mind and the congregation didn’t mind; and young and old carried away with them the sense of having been in God’s house that is not felt today in many a proper congregation. One prominent church member one Sunday morning dressed her month old boy first and put him on the bed out of the way while she dressed her three older lively chaps for church. Dressing herself hastily, she bundled her children into the buggy and drove the three miles to church. Arriving she tied her horse and went to pick out the hymns as she was the customary organist. It was her first trip out since the new baby, so someone called out, “What did you do with you boy this morning?” The old mare made quicker time over the road than she had done in many a day. And the baby was found sleeping sweetly in the middle of the bed. �The school when built had four large classrooms. The large auditorium covered the whole of the second floor. There was a nice sized stage with dressing rooms on either side. The stairway was small and narrow with an elbow in it, squeezed into one corner so as to take up as little space as possible. A veritable firetrap, but somehow no one ever seemed to think of that. At commencements and on nights when there were entertainments, the place was packed until there wasn’t even standing room. The school grew so rapidly that soon there were six teachers and a music teacher employed. Two rooms were partitioned off from the auditorium for classrooms. The partitions were made so they could be removed for entertainments. The music teacher used the stage for her music room and both teach and pupils nearly froze when it was cold. The first grade had a room all to itself; the second and third grade were together. One teacher had the third and fourth and one the sixth and seventh. Two teachers had charge of the high school, which only ran through the tenth grade. A very inadequate school force it seems now, but a far cry from the three months one teacher school. Some great work was done. A great deal was expected of the teacher in the community, as well as in the classroom. The trustees were conscientious in their selection of a principal and his corps of teachers. The teachers, one and all, were expected to attend church regularly and a teacher who was unwilling to teach a Sunday School class need not expect to be re-elected. Teachers received $40 a month and paid $12.50 for board. They taught from nine until four with one hour for dinner, and always attended church on Sunday. The day began with chapel exercises, which were not a mere matter of form. The first three grades had their songs. The Scripture lesson was ready by a principal who believed every word he read and followed by an earnest prayer. A song by the school closed the exercises and the classes all marched to their rooms. Friday afternoon was given over to the Literary Society, which had taken the place of the old time Friday speaking. Now the society was modeled on the literary societies found at college. They had their president, secretary, censor and critic. The five lower grades had their separate society, which the teachers cut as short as was possible so they could go up to the “big” society. Training the pupils on duty for the Page | 85 �next program was part of the teacher’s daily work. It was no idle jest to be on the program in the lower grades and still less so in the upper grades. A teacher felt the same keenly if one of o her pupils failed to do well. The larger society developed in time into interesting occasions. Busy men left their work and came to hear the young people debate o question of moment. These debates usually found the whole patronage of the school divided into earnest partisans for the side they favored. The debaters engaged all the brains of the community in getting up points for them, so the debates became more or less community affairs. Some notable debates were held and many of the boys who had the beginning of their training there followed that line to success. The recitations were not lack-a-daisical, half-learned pieces, but were well chosen and given with spirit by well-trained pupils. Snappy dialogs and one act comedies were popular. Everyone enjoyed the meeting the literary society and the participators enjoyed it most of all. In the fall the teachers came in on Friday or Saturday. They went to church Sunday to be inspected by the public. Monday school began. The Saturday after the first week of school, a school picnic was held. Every patron of the school came with ample baskets. Many others came also, some with and some without baskets. But there was always plenty for all. Several barbecues were prepared and rice was cooked in huge wash pots. Lemonade was made by the barrelful. Here the teachers really got in touch with the people whom they were to serve. Every spring when the shad were running the teachers were given a fish fry. Early Saturday morning the picnickers went to Snow’s Lake or to Staples Lake where the ruins of Smith’s Mill stood. Sometimes the young people coupled off and went twoby-twos in buggies, but more often a two horse wagon with plenty of hay was brought along and all the young folks piled in and went together. At the lake the men raised their nets, which had been set the evening before. The men then cleaned the fish and the ladies did the cooking. A huge pot of pine bark stew was cooked. Just why the name, pine bark stew, no one seems to know, but it is a delicious concoction of onions, tomatoes, ketchup, fish and butter. Pan after pan of the fish was fried, crisp and brown. There never was anything that smelled so inviting as those fish fried in the open to a Page | 86 �group of young people who had tired themselves down rambling around while their elders worked. And how those fish did disappear! Each fish fry was always the best they’d ever had. Some wonderful people were among the patrons of the school. Men and women who lived in common little frame houses, but once removed from the log cabins, with only the bar necessities of life, nor wanted any other so it seemed, were gifted with personalities and abilities that often made the teachers with all their advantages feel like hiding their heads in shame for not making better use of the privileges. They seemed buried or rather their talents seemed buried, but they show up today in the lives of the children they raised. In one house a teacher picked up a violin and being interested peeped inside. She was astonished to find the name “Amati” there. It had been in the family since before his birth, her host said and what she tried to tell him of its value, if it was a genuine Amati impressed him not at all. The value of it to him lay in his heritage and his enjoyment of it. Your grandmother boarded the teachers for several years though most of the times they stayed at Mrs. Cox’s and Mrs. Cockvield’s [sic]. Chapter 22 In the year of 1911 the Seaboard Airline Railway Company projected a railroad from Mullins to Andrews, which was to run directly through the heart of this section. The school and church being located at the Cross Roads, it was considered as the logical place for the depot and consequently for the town. If the people from Johnsonville and Lamberts had all come together at a central point, a thriving little town would have developed with the best minds in the whole country behind it. But that wasn’t what happened. Most of the land at the Cross Roads belonged to five people. N. M. Venters owned the bulk of it. His property was involved in a lawsuit and he could not give clear titles to any of it. L. L. Ard owned a good deal, but it was all entailed property. He was trying to arrange to have the entail removed, but it was a long and costly procedure. Page | 87 �Mrs. H. M. Cox, sister of Mr. Ard, had the place she still has and your grandmother and Uncle Bub owned the majority of the remainder. As things were so tied up here, Mr. Poston, who held titles to or mortgages on most of the property at Johnsonville, had a town laid off and held a public auction to sell off lots. In Lamberts the same thing was done. W. C. Hemingway and Company had gained control over a large acreage there. This was divided into lots and sold, also. Free dinners were served at these auctions. A hand was brought in for the occasion. Various prizes were given, and lots sold like hot cakes. Many a back-woodsy looking old fellow who wouldn’t be suspected of having an extra dollar, unearthed from his overall pockets enough to pay for a lot, or maybe two. When the lots at Hemingway were sold and a depot assured, the name of the post office and depot was changed to Hemingway. During the building of the roadbed and the laying of the tracts everyone spent his time at the railroad. The huge steam shovels were never failing sources of interest and men stood agape as they watched it operate. The first train to pass found every station crowded with those who had come to look and see. For years after that first train, every time a train was heard, work was dropped in the house while the women threw something over their heads and ran to a place where the train could be seen. The plowmen stopped their plow and the hoe hands forgot their hoes until it had disappeared and only a faint blue line indicated its whereabouts. Even then they listened for its faraway whistle. “Thar now she’s passed the crossing. Gid-dap, Balaam.” And interest in their daily work was resumed. Teachers, who in September had bought tickets to Lake City and then made the long tiresome ride to the Cross Roads in a buggy, went in June to Hemingway where they boarded the train for Andrews where they could make any connections they wished. Stores and houses went up like magic. Hemingway’s store occupied the principal position in town. The post office was in the back of the store. Your Uncle Fred and Uncle Bub built stores and homes there and very shortly afterwards moved their families. T. G. Eaddy built a large two-story hotel directly in front of the depot. Dr. Page | 88 �Hemingway and his two brothers both had nice houses there. Now, Dr. Baker put up one. A bank was established and the cashier had to have a new house, and so the town grew apace. So busy were the two doctors with their other affairs that they gradually ceased to practice their profession and called in another doctor, who of course, had to have a home. A drug store was also put up and a pharmacist came to take charge of it. Farmers were beginning to plant more tobacco every year. Cotton seemed to have played out in this district, but the farmers had difficulty in marketing their tobacco. It had to be hauled to Lake City or to some more distant market. So plans were made to make Hemingway a great tobacco market. If the town had been located at the Cross Roads all these ventures would have thrived and prospered, but Johnsonville, only five miles away was doing just what Hemingway was doing, and soon an intense rivalry existed between the two villages. Instead of pulling together on common grounds at the Cross Roads, each worked for itself and against the other. The tobacco market opened with three warehouses running and they did a large volume of business. They did a thriving business and the little town prospered for tobacco buyers from all the big companies spent the summer here, paying board and spending money freely. The famers sold their tobacco and went around to the stores and spent it. The school and church still remained at the Cross Roads for two years after the railroad came though. Rather, it still remained to be used by the inhabitants of both small towns for they are both still in existence today. But as the towns grew they each started a school and church of their own, leaving the mother church at Old Johnsonville a little weak in moneyed members, but strong in all else. School was taught in Hemingway at first in a tobacco warehouse, while a temporary schoolhouse was hastily erected. This building was planned so it could be sold for a dwelling when a permanent school building should be erected. Church services were also held in the tobacco warehouse for a season. The population preferred to attend worship nearer home, even if not conveniently situated, to going the two miles to Old Johnsonville. Page | 89 �It was only after the establishment of a school and a church at Johnsonville that the ones at the Cross Roads became known as Old Johnsonville to distinguish it from the town of Johnsonville. It was about the same time and a little before the railroad had reached this far that a bridge was built across Lynch’s River, or the creek as it was commonly called. The driving of the piles caused much discussion and interest. The bridge itself was a narrow, one-way wooden affair with a railing on either side, not to be for one moment compared with the wide, modern bridge which displaced it several years ago. But the building of this last bridge was taken as a matter of course and excited very little comment or interest—so soon do we become used to our advantages. The spanning of the creek did away with the cumbersome old ferry, which had been run there for time out mind; and it also did away with one of the most beautiful roads in the low country. This road had wound between two tall cliffs, tall at least for this part of the country. On each side the old trees spread out until their branches almost interlaced overhead. The trees were festooned with wreaths and streamers of gray moss. The road sloped down to the ferry and when one arrived at the top one was compelled to pause and admire, even though it was an often seen view. But progress does not hold back for the picturesque so the giant trees with their hoary hair were cut down and the steam shovel bit ruthlessly into the hillside. Chapter 23 As the town grew and prospered naturally the country around changed and prospered, too. The big country store vanished for the town was too near. Having competition the merchants sold cheaper and bout new and fancier stock. As this stock increased in variety, so did the farmers’ purchases increase. The more one sees, the more one needs. Tobacco was bringing a good price, the famers raised their food at home and had money on hand most of time. Gradually and so imperceptibly that it was done before the inhabitants of the country realized it, the streams no longer had to be forded. They were all bridged. The roads were still narrow and rough and in rainy spells all but impassable. But the Page | 90 �automobile cold be used now, with fair success even in the rainy weather, at least the engine wasn’t drowned out every time a stream was crossed. The houses on the farms began to show an improvement; instead of being satisfied with a two or three room shack with no conveniences, the farmer began to try their hands on something better. After a drive into town and a look at the neat, painted houses, his neglected place didn’t look so good to him. A large brick building was put up for the school, which soon grew from the four teacher school that it was when organized in ’13 or ’14 to a 12 and later 14 teacher State High School. Courses in agriculture and domestic science were introduced. Not by the community was this school built; not by subscriptions; festivals and entertainments, nor in any way so that the patrons had a person interest in it. No lumber was donated, nor work given by those unable to give money. The district was bonded and the children educated there would have to help in later years to pay off the indebtedness. The materials were all bought and the workmen all paid a very substantial wage for their labor. In just a few years the school was running busses and gathering up the children from far and near. There were four or five busses, each covering around ten miles on its trip. One watching the busses rolling in and unloading could not but wonder where all those children came from Looked as if they might have been growing on bushes there were so many of them. Dr. Hemingway gave the lot for both the school and the church. A nice church was built in time and a baby pipe organ bought and installed. May efforts had been made to get the women of Old Johnsonville church together to organize a Ladies’ Aid or a Missionary Society, but the membership was widely scattered. The ladies could rarely get the horse just when they needed it and it was too far for all but a few to walk, so all the efforts failed. But soon after the church got to going strong in Hemingway a society was organized which grew and flourished and is flourishing. Even after times grew hard the Missionary Society never failed to pay all they promised. If the money couldn’t be collected directly from the members it was raised in some other way. Page | 91 �Very recently the ladies went to a great deal of trouble and got up a minstrel which netted them a very decent sum and paid them out of debt. And then what did the good men do but say they thought the ladies should give them a good portion of it to pay off a church debt. But the ladies reply was, “If you need money, get out and get Page | 92 it for yourselves. Don’t sit down and wait until we make something and then want to spend if for us.” And they held tight to what they made. Very soon after Hemingway was made a town the post office was moved into a building to itself. A rural route was run off, this proved to be such a necessity that by degrees three other routes were added. These served over 200 miles of road, bad roads, too. A carrier’s job was not very desirable then. The pay was poor, the roads were rough, and the cars were all more or less dilapidated. It was a common thing for a carrier to leave his car and walk in with his mail. Later when the roads were better, the carriers well paid and cars cheaper there was a scramble for every vacancy. In the first years the carrier was rather looked down on; was considered not quite so good as the farmer or merchant. Anyone could work for the government was the general opinion of that time. Buy my, how completely general opinion did change. Many people who lived far out in the country moved into town so as to be close to the school and the church. It was easy to find work to do. Odd jobs could be picked up at any time by anyone wanting to work, so there was no danger of anyone going hungry. Most of those who moved in had farms which they sharecropped or rented out. In fact, all the merchants and other inhabitants of town had their farms, which they saw after diligently as they did their other business. They were all raised on the farm; farming was the backbone of the country and they all loved it. Soon every house in Hemingway was full and owners of lots began to put up more houses to rent. Since your Aunt Maggie and Uncle Bub were both living in Hemingway your grandmother had her little home built there where she’d be close to them. So she made another home and there she has lived nearly 20 years, although it doesn’t seem so long. A good local telephone system was installed and everyone in town had a telephone. The line was run out Johnsonville and everyone on the road between the �two places had a phone put in. In a few homes along that road you will still see on the wall just inside the door the big, cumbersome, old telephone box. Whether the people there think it is an ornament or whether they are just too lazy to take it down, I haven’t even an idea. During the war Hemingway and the surrounding country did its part; bought Liberty Loans; sent her boys overseas; had her wheat-less, meatless, and sugarless days with the rest of the nation, and grew rich off the fat of the land as did the rest of the world. Roads were improved in all directions. And now everybody had a car, Negro and Bucro [sic]. All the women wore silk hose and silk dresses. Everybody made money and everybody spent what he made. No longer was this on the outskirts of nowhere. Even the small farmer thought nothing of cranking up his closed car and going to Charleston or Columbia for a day’s shopping. The mail order catalog brought the latest styles for their inspection. No longer could a country cracker be told by her clothes. A few years before they styles and fashions in the country were always a year behind time, but not now. Country folks are as up-to-date as their city cousins. So affluent were the people and such prices were brought by farm produce that Hemingway thought it could support another bank. It did for a while. A nice new brick building was put up for it and soon it was doing as much business as the old. So now Hemingway was a most modern, progressive town and seemed to be headed on for the top, wherever that was. The Cross Roads, in the meantime, looked rather neglected for some years. The school dwindled until it employed only four teachers and then only three. The church membership was visibly smaller, but there were many who retained their membership and their loyalty to her. The parsonage at the Cross Roads was burned and the pastor was moved to Hemingway. Bub’s big store was empty for everyone rode into town for what they wanted. The schoolhouse itself was burned, but was immediately rebuilt with the insurance money. The new building was even better than the old for ideas in school architecture had changed considerably in the few years that had elapsed between the times of building. Page | 93 �So at the roll of the wave of fortune Old Johnsonville stood at the trough and Hemingway rode on the crest. There it stood for a brief time and then slid downward with the wave as it subsided. Chapter 24 There were these years of prosperity and of forging ahead. There was even talk of having another county cut out [w]ith Hemingway at its county seat. But these prosperous times were brought to a sudden halt. Tobacco had brought such fine prices, and everyone had made money from it: the merchant, the farmer, the warehousemen, and the tobacco buyers. The farmers grew greedy and backed by the merchants they planted larger and even larger fields of tobacco. The increase in quantity was bound to bring a decrease in quality for the farmers could not handle well so much of it. The increase also caused the supply to exceed the demand. So the prices of tobacco fell off. The merchants had overstocked themselves with high price good and their consumers were now unable to buy. Many of the farmers were in debt to the merchant and were unable to pay out. The merchant, fearing to lose what was owed to him, and hoping that the next year tobacco would pick up in its prices still credited the farmers, thus sinking good money after bad. The banks lent money to the merchants to carry the farmers and while things were on the boom they had let out a great deal also. Now things tightened up and the money could not be returned so the banks, first one and then the other closed their doors. As the people expressed it in a few words, “The bank busted.” This took all the surplus wealth out of the country for faith in the banks had been strong and all the savings of years had been deposited in the bank. There were widows and helpless ones who were left penniless. It was the first blow. But the people struggled on and in time another bank was established. This time it was a branch of a well-known, town established national bank. Everyone felt that there was something solid behind it so felt renewed confidence and even the most conservative began to put their money back in the bank. Page | 94 �Hemingway had its share in the excitement during the epidemic of bank robberies that swept the country. The cashier of the bank and his wife were just ready to retire one night about ten o’clock when he stopped and said, “I forgot to set the time clock on the vault this afternoon. I expect I’d better run back and do it now.” His wife thought it wouldn’t hurt to leave it off for one night, but as he seemed uneasy, she said she’d go with him. Just then a rap on the door sounded. As he opened the door, a man jabbed a gun in his ribs with the order to be quiet. Another man sidled past the cashier and covered his wife as she emerged from the room. A car, a Buick, with its motor throbbing softly stood at the sidewalk. Neither of the men were masked, but they were both complete strangers to the cashier. They told their prisoner that he must come and open the bank and then the vault for them. Thinking rapidly, the cashier answered that he could not open the vault as it had a time lock and could only be open when the lock was automatically released, which would not be until seven o’clock the next morning. Afterwards, he bitterly lamented the fact that he had not said nine o’clock, but of course, he had no idea to what an extent they were willing to carry the affair. The two men forced the cashier and his wife, after gagging them, into the waiting car where they found two women, evidently confederates of the men. They were driven around to the bank and ordered to open the door. Once inside they went to the vault and could hear the steady ticking of the time clock which had been wound and set, but not connected. Satisfied that the cashier was telling them the truth, the robbers bundled the cashier and his wife back into the car and drove them all over the town, which seemed quietly sleeping. Every house was dark and all was quiet. Then they were kept until six forty-five. When the cashier’s wife began to shake from nerves and the chill of the night air, one of the men wrapped his coat around her. As six forty-five they road back to the bank. How anxiously did they scan the street for some early stirrer. They did see one man just as he disappeared into his store, but he just thought it was a car passing through and paid no attention to it. The cashier was unable to cry out for the gags had been replaced before they left the woods. Page | 95 �Into the bank they went and into the vault at seven. Taking out the bags of coins and paper money they put the cashier and his wife into the vault and shut the door. While they were making good their escape and chuckling over their success the two prisoners were busy. It had been a game for them for her to lock him in the vault and see how long it took him to free himself, and so a tiny flashlight and a screwdriver were lying just inside the door. It was the work of only a second for him to give her the light while he manipulated the screwdriver. The robbers had gone no more than half a mile before the distracted pair rushed out of the bank and called for help. They got on their trail at once and followed it to the Yawhannah Bridge where they changed cars and were joined by one or two others. The trail was lost soon afterwards but in a few weeks they were caught as they tried that trick elsewhere. They confessed their guilt and were duly punished. Tobacco having started on the downward path could not be halted. A few tobacco growers tried to organize a tobacco association, but the farmers were a little shy of it. In order to force sales through the association, the business men did away with all the tobacco warehouses in Hemingway, but the one run by the association. Farmers would not and often could not wait for the money for their crops. They preferred the little on the spot than the promise of much later. Those who did get their crops tied up in the association very often sold on the outside in someone else’s name. The association was doomed before the end of the first summer. The organizers of the association were trying to hold the crop over until the surplus on hand had been used, then they could force the manufacturers to buy at their price. But so much was sold out of the association that the buyers would not ever look at that which the association held. After the failure of the association, the manufacturers refused to send buyers to the Hemingway open market. Hemingway had shut them out one year and so they crossed her off their lists. The whole town lost by it. The money that tobacco brought was sent elsewhere. Summers were for a while the liveliest times of the year, the merchants and those who took roomers or boarders made great presentations for the event. But with the closing of the markets, all was changed. Farmers generally carry Page | 96 �their tobacco to Mullins or Lake City. The good roads and big trucks make this possible. A great deal of tobacco is planted, but the farmers are constantly seeking other ways to make a money crop. They turned to trucking, trying to get their produce on the market between the Florida crops and the Northern. If there is an early spring here sometimes the first to begin shipping get a fairly good price for the first few shipments. As the main crop comes on, the market falls off until the producer fails to pay expense. So one spring a man came through who promised to take the chance out of the cucumber market. He contracted to take the farmers’ cucumber crop, cull them, ship them, and tend to it all. All the farmer had to do was to bring him the cucumbers to the depot station. The famers were all disgusted with the independent shipping and this sounded like a streak of luck to them. When the cucumbers were brought in they were so closely culled less than one third were shipped. By the time all expenses were defrayed and the commission merchant paid the farmers got nothing. When a farmer or two sold on the outside, he was instantly sued for breaking his contract. But when the market price got so low that it no longer paid the commissioner to ship, he immediately shut down and left the rest of the crop on the farmers’ hand and there was no suing done. This should have taught the farmers a lesson but the next year they signed up with another man for another sort of contract which include cucumbers and beans. Again they were stung. One farmer on an acre of cucumbers picked 75 baskets of cucumbers at 75 cents a crate. The seed cost around $5 and the fertilizers were added to the cost. He received from the man he had contracted with exactly 62 cents. That is the way it goes. They still plant [and] truck peas, beans, cucumbers, and potatoes, but they barely cover expenses if they do so. The farmers have made nothing on their truck nor on their tobacco for many years. Sometimes a little cotton is planted but it brings nothing, so the merchant does very little business. They sit around and talk about how dull times are. The merchants all have farms and all try to raise something to eat. The Page | 97 �farmers are beginning to plant more and more food crops and let the money crop alone, although they try to plant a little for they must have some money. The roads have been improved and re-improved until now we can travel north, east, south, and west, and never get in a bog. A highway right through Hemingway leads to Myrtle Beach, over which there is a constant stream of tourists in the summer. The power company has run lines out from Kingstree and the town and vicinity are well lighted. Most of the people bought refrigerators, radios, irons, and fans on the installment plan. Several banks were organized and then closed. The last one closed little over a year ago and there has been no comeback from it. It literally wiped the country clean. There is no bank there now and no prospect of one for no one has anything to put in it. The school has discontinued all the many buses they once ran and the children get to school as best they can. There is quite an array of cars of all types, kinds, and conditions outside of the school every day. The number of teachers has been lessened and they don’t get their pay. During the war the church paid a high salary to their pastor and this was considered a very desirable charge, but when hard times struck the congregation the church was one of the first things to suffer. The appropriations were not cut for several years--they simply weren’t paid. When they were cut the people had become used to not paying up so they fell short right on. So in many ways, we have come a long way since the day your grandmother was born, but we are having to go back to the old way of living. Live at home and buy only necessities. Our idea of necessities is much broader than they used to be, but they are gradually narrowing down to the essentials. And today Hemingway is like many another sleepy little town; plenty of stores; filling stations on every corner; a street or two of nice looking houses; electric lights; a nice school that can’t pay its teachers, and a nice church that can’t pay its pastor, and yet, so your grandmother thinks, the best place in the world. And today the Cross Roads has its schoolhouse with four teachers who can’t be paid either, its church with a slender but loyal membership that can’t pay its pastor, either, Page | 98 �one small store at the crossing, several houses within the radius of half a mile, but for all that is we think the best place in the world. Page | 99 At last it was done. Not finished ever because Grandma kept talking and as she talked new stories and facts came out. These pages were written for the seven of us and our children. We seven can never forget Grandma. She lives for us and as we read we hear her again. Thank you, Miz Beth, for preserving this part of our heritage for us. We hope that as our children read they will picture Grandma in her black and white gingham dress, her white apron, her ever busy fingers, and will then sit back and listen to Grandma talking. Thank you Mam, Miz Beth! ������������ Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource This is the “Memoirs of Judith Grier” whose grandfather was John Tillman of the Ark Plantation. It is believed that Ms. Grier was born at the Ark Plantation in Surfside Beach. This document was donated to the town of Surfside by Stan Barnett, from Mount Pleasant, a descendant of Judith Grier. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Stan Barnett Title A name given to the resource Memoirs of Judith Grier https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/92d9fb68151bd472a76492ed273d90bb.jpg 38405d295481ce9d517e54c1bcabe26a https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/b4e8cde8e9a9467060114eba357f1af5.jpg 9da5ad1abc00b0759d8296a634f137bf https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/95aa237991f7627d607fafcfe3e33825.jpg 3bef51f6ee9097b7869d8a771666ec63 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Petition of the Residents of Upper Prince Frederick Parish for Incorporation of Aimwell Presbyterian Church, 1791 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29 Jan 1791 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived South Carolina Department of Archives and History Series: Petitions to the General Assembly (S165015) Document Type: Petition https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/bacf45e7b11892d0ad4dc17125e308c2.pdf 6317fea84b580dc3209f79c6703761e8 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Map of Johnsonville - 1912 Description An account of the resource Map of the Town of Johnsonville - Sold Aug 12, 1912 This map shows the lots available in the Johnsonville land sale. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 12 Aug 1912 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/f19892154161c12d0074cd6d6c3d6288.jpg ba459bf59275be4a66c81b21dc007604 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource The will of George Samuel Briley Huggins was written on letterhead from the Farmers and Merchants Bank of Johnsonville on Nov. 18, 1912. C. J. Rollins was the Manager, J. S. McClam, President, S. B. Poston, vice President and T. J. Cottingham was the cashier Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource November 18, 1912 Title A name given to the resource Last Will and Testament of George Samuel Briley Huggins https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/901c3a0f2c631ccf844efcb2dba98b96.jpg ba6ac8f40a79c2c2baa7466c4c3127a7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource 1915 Diploma, Old Johnsonville High School. Ottis Guinan Huggins was an honor graduate. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1915 Title A name given to the resource Old Johnsonville High School Diploma, 1915 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/5eefe655acb97f53e80ff9b903f273c5.pdf 4b5b630cf63464ce6f7b2c42074baee1 PDF Text Text � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Seaboard Air Right of Way Map - 1918 Description An account of the resource Shows the right of way and parcels of land purchased from landowners C. Belle Poston, S.B. Poston, R.H. Kimball, and J.D. Haselden. Also includes street grid of Johnsonville in 1918. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 30 Jun 1918 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived US Department of Archives https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/d8230b790cac5b2e41a377fd24ce5c2c.pdf 4c4e984f71e7cbaa2e50faecbe5884c8 PDF Text Text �������� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Briley Ham Stone Family Bible Description An account of the resource A scan from the Family Bible of Briley Ham Stone (1812-1882) and wife Elizabeth Mary Eaddy (1825-1879). Briley and Elizabeth were married on September 11, 1834. Briley Ham Stone was the son of Austin Stone II (1776-1832) and Zilphia Ham (1786-1872). Elizabeth Mary Eaddy was the daughter of James Alexander Eaddy (1780-1850) and Elizabeth McDaniel (1794-1879). Their children mentioned in this Bible are: Ezra Levan Stone 1835–1850 Paluatier Stone 1837–1864 Frances Elizabeth Stone 1838– Sarah Levina Stone 1840–1900 Mary Stone 1842–1850 Edwane Eaddy Stone 1844–1863 Narcessa Verline Stone 1846–1907 Zilphia Ham Stone 1848–1879 Briley Ham Stone Jr 1850–1872 Luellen Lizzina Stone 1854– Permetian Mazell Stone 1854– Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1834 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Noonie Stone eaddy Stone https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/deb392475bac25369a82b2f89c06aeca.jpg 9af246c4be8eb142617eb1814bc8abd9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hugh Hanna Land Grant of 1790 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 29 April 1790 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived South Carolina Department of Archives and History Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Josh Dukes Description An account of the resource South Carolina: I do hereby certify for Hugh Hanna a tract of land containing two hundred & forty six acres (surveyed for him the 15th January 1790) situate in the District of Georgetown on Lynches Lake and hath such form, marks, and boundings as the above plat represents. Given under my hand the 29th April 1790 John Burgess Francis Breman, S.G. https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/26536fe7694b0889c04aae15a4607f17.jpg c16dccf0c457e8b9be354497ff91de76 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Will of Hugh Hanna, 1841 Description An account of the resource Transcription: STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN! I, Hugh Hanna, planter of the District of Williamsburg and State aforesaid; being of sound mind and memory, do make and declare this my last will and testament in manner and form following; to wit. Item 1st. I give devise and bequeath unto my Son Calvin Hanna two (2) tracts of land on the Kill Branch; one of which he the said Calvin is now living on and; and the tract adjoining. I likewisegive and bequath unto the said Calvin Hanna the following named three (3) negroes, viz; Cupid, Young Scipo, and Elvira with the future increase of said Elvira, for and during his natural life, and at his death to the lawful issue of his body, begotten by him, if he dies leaving no lawful issue, begotten by him, I give and bequeath the abovetwo (2) tracts of land, and the above named three (3) negroes, with the issue of Elvira to my surviving children or, their children. Item 2nd. I give, devise and bequath unto my two (2) sons Samuel D. Hanna and Joseph F. Hanna, all of my remaining lands. Item 3rd. I give devise and bequeath unto my son Samuel D. Hanna, the following named three (3) negroes viz. Peter, Venus and Dinah, with the future issue and increase of the said females. Item 4th. I give devise and bequeath unto my son Joseph F. Hannathe following named three (3) negroes viz. Sam, Lizza and Crissa with the future issue and increase of the said females. Item 5th. I give devise and bequeath unto my two (2) sons Samuel D. Hanna and Joseph Franklin Hanna the following named two (2) negroesviz: Mercury and Juno. Item 6th. I give and devise and bequeath unto my two (2) sons Samuel D. Hanna and Joseph F. Hanna all of my Plantation tools and my wagon and team. Item 7th. I give devise and bequeath unto my daughter Elizabeth Paisley the following named three (3) negroes viz; Young Mercury, Nellie and Young Juno with the future issue and increase of the said females. Item 8th. I give devise and bequeath unto my daughter Margaret Barr, one (1) negro boy, Young Sam. Item 9th. I give devise and bequeath unto all of my children the remaining part of my negroes; to be equally divided between them, the two sons of my son Hugh viz James Hanna and Hugh Hanna to have one share, the same their father would draw if living. Said share to be divided between them. Item 9th. I give devise and bequeath unto all of my children all of my stock of cattle to be equally divided among them. Item 10th. I give devise and bequeath unto all of my children, all the money I may leave after the expense of my burial is discharged, to be equally divided among them. Item 11th. Should any of my children die without lawful issue, then all the above mentioned property assigned to them to be equally divided among my surviving heirs. Lastly I do hereby constitute and appoint my friends, James Graham, Sr., George Barr, William Hanna and James H. Stone, executors to this my last Will and Testament, hereby revoking all former wills heretofore made by me, or for me at my request. I do hereby give my Executors or either of them full power to execute this my last Will. Also full power and authority to call in three freeholders to assist to appraise and divide my Estate without petitioning any court of Law or Equity for a division and such division made by any one or more of them shall be as binding on my heirs, as if it had been made by the authority of any Court in this State. In witness to all and each of the things herein contained, I hereunto set my hand and seal this thirteenth (13) day of November in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-one (1841). Signed in the presence of HUGH Hanna (L.S) William Cox Robt. G. Thomson Joseph A. Thompson James H. Stone NOTE: This Will is on file and was probated in the office of the Probate Judge at Kingstree, County Seat of Williamsburg County, S. C. Hugh O. Hanna Attorney At Law Hampton, S. C. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived South Carolina Will and Probate Records Hanna https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/5812236c1e6cb2a763faf596964a791b.pdf baa7581c1463afcee73c5a1b7306f400 PDF Text Text ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource 1962 Johnsonville High School Commencement and Graduation Program Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 Title A name given to the resource 1962 Johnsonville High School Commencement and Graduation Program https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/bb61152b9bd713ac504c8b5d57beb58f.jpg 6281355862a419019a0fc006882aa3da Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource A petition for a formal road to be built from Johnsonville to Indiantown. The route is described as it passed by individual land owners property. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1861 Title A name given to the resource Petition for road to be built https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/10271777a332f3f2733e3b54604c4207.pdf fde041973914cf4b44f1dfdb8be53c9d PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Last Will and Testiment of John Witherspoon, 1802 Description An account of the resource John Witherspoon inherited Witherspoon's Ferry from his brother, Robert Witherspoon. His will in 1802 states that the Ferry should continue to operate in benefit of Aimwell Church under the care of his executor, John D. Witherspoon. His daughter Elizabeth Witherspoon is also mentioned. William Johnson is listed as well as having leasing rights to the Ferry land as long as the trustees mentioned in the will agree to his wisdom and he conducts himself with propriety. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1802 https://www.johnsonvilleschistory.org/files/original/f3df9616b32642ada040720a17ea9077.pdf 94b2d9264666fe8d78dfba137ddd0c99 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Documents Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Last Will and Testiment of William James Johnson, 1850 Description An account of the resource Last will and testiment of Captain William James Johnson (1787-1851), founder of Johnsonville, SC. Specific reference to Johnson's Ferry: "I give and bequeath unto my beloved wife Sarah Johnson my dwelling house house and other buildings, and all the tract of land on which I now live, lying on Lynches Creek. I mean all the Ferry tract on both sides of the Creek, including the Ferry, her lifetime only; and at her death to be equally divided between my son James H. Johnson and my daughter Sarah C. Johnson." Daughter Margaret Ann Johnson Grier is also mentioned. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1850 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Williamsburg County Wills, 1806-1879 ferry Grier Johnson will